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Shades of white

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Varieties of the color white
"Off-white" redirects here. For other uses, seeOff-white (disambiguation).
White
 
Common connotations
Purity,Heaven,snow,knowledge, clarity,innocence,brightness
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FFFFFF
sRGBB (r,g,b)(255, 255, 255)
HSV (h,s,v)(0°, 0%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(100, 0, 0°)
SourceBy definition
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Shades ofwhite arecolors that differ slightly from theCIE standard illuminant D65, a white point that represents the average color ofdaylight at noon. There isn't one objectively pure white, as noon daylight varies by location and atmospheric conditions, and the choice of using D65 instead of directsunlight or a white point on thePlanckian locus is arbitrary. For simplicity, this article will use the termpure white for the D65 white point.

Variations of white include what are commonly termedoff-white colors, which may be considered part of a neutral color scheme.

Incolor theory, ashade is a pure color mixed with black (or having a lowerlightness). Strictly speaking, a "shade of white" would be a neutralgray. This article is also about off-white colors that vary from pure white inhue, and inchroma (also called saturation, or intensity).

Colors often considered "shades of white" includecream,eggshell,ivory,Navajo white, andvanilla. Even the lighting of a room, however, can cause a pure white to be perceived as off-white.[1]

Off-white colors were pervasively paired withbeiges in the 1930s,[2] and especially popular again from roughly 1955 to 1975.[3] In terms of paint, off-white paints are now becoming more popular, withBenjamin Moore having 152 shades of off-whites,Behr having 167, andPPG having 315.[4]

Whiteness measures the degree to which a surface is white incolorimetry.

Web colors

[edit]

Below is a chart showing the computerweb color shades of white. Anachromatic white is a white color in which the red, green, and blues codes are exactly equal. The web colorswhite andwhite smoke are achromatic colors. Achromatic shade of white is a white color in which the red, green, and blue codes are not exactly equal, but are close to each other, which is what makes it a shade of white.

HTML color nameSampleHex triplet
(rendered by name)(rendered by hex triplet)
White#FFFFFF
Whitesmoke#F5F5F5
White solid#F4F5FA
Snow#FFFAFA
Honeydew#F0FFF0
Mintcream#F5FFFA
Azure#F0FFFF
Aliceblue#F0F8FF
Ghostwhite#F8F8FF
Seashell#FFF5EE
Beige#F5F5DC
Oldlace#FDF5E6
Floralwhite#FFFAF0
Ivory#FFFFF0
Linen#FAF0E6
Lavenderblush#FFF0F5

White

[edit]
Main article:White

White
#FFFFFF

White
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FFFFFF
sRGBB (r,g,b)(255, 255, 255)
HSV (h,s,v)(0°, 0%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(100, 0, 0°)
SourceBy definition
ISCC–NBS descriptorWhite
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

White in thesRGB color space and many other color gamuts, is based on the CIE standard illuminant D65. Its purpose is to emulatedaylight during noon, to give a natural illumination. Theperception of white is evoked whenlight is distributed along the spectrum roughly like ablackbody from 5800–6800K, and when such light has highbrightness compared to the surroundings. A white visual stimulation will have negligiblehue andgrayness.

Sunlight

[edit]

Sunlight
#FFF3EF

Sunlight
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FFF3EF
sRGBB (r,g,b)(255, 243, 239)
HSV (h,s,v)(15°, 6%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(97, 8, 32°)
SourceCU Boulder
ISCC–NBS descriptorWhite
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Sunlight is the color ofsunlight as viewed from outer space, without any atmospheric effects. The calculatedCIE 1931 xy chromaticity coordinates for the color of the Sun are approximately 0.3233 and 0.3326. With xy coordinates of 0.3230 and 03329, the sRGB color #FFF3EF is the one that gets the closest to these coordinates.

Chalk white

[edit]

Chalk white
#FBFFFF

Chalk white
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FBFFFF
sRGBB (r,g,b)(251, 255, 255)
HSV (h,s,v)(180°, 2%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(100, 0, 0°)
SourcePourpre[5]
ISCC–NBS descriptorWhite
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Chalk white is a tint of white resembling thechalk color.

Ghost white

[edit]

Ghost white
#F8F8FF

Ghost white
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#F8F8FF
sRGBB (r,g,b)(248, 248, 255)
HSV (h,s,v)(240°, 3%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(98, 5, 266°)
SourceX11[6]
ISCC–NBS descriptorWhite
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Theweb colorghost white is a tint of white loosely inspired by traditional representations ofghosts. There is no evidence that this color name was in use before theX11 color names were formulated in 1987.[citation needed]

White smoke

[edit]

White smoke
#F5F5F5

White smoke
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#F5F5F5
sRGBB (r,g,b)(245, 245, 245)
HSV (h,s,v)(0°, 0%, 96%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(97, 0, 0°)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorWhite
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The web colorwhite smoke is displayed on the left.

There is no evidence that this color name was in use before the X11 color names were formulated in 1987. The color is also known asCultured Pearl, one ofcrayon colors issued byCrayola in its 16-pack of Pearl Brite Crayons.[7]

White solid

[edit]

White solid
#F4F5FA

White solid
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#F4F5FA
sRGBB (r,g,b)(244, 245, 250)
HSV (h,s,v)(230°, 2%, 98%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(97, 4, 258°)
SourceColor Hex Map[8]
ISCC–NBS descriptorWhite
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The web colorwhite solid is displayed on the left.

There is no evidence that this color name was in use before the X11 color names were formulated in 1987. Sometimes also known asGhost White, the color has marked blue hues, although is otherwise very close to being completely white in the RGB color system.[9]

Baby powder

[edit]

Baby powder
#FEFEFA

Baby powder
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FEFEFA
sRGBB (r,g,b)(254, 254, 250)
HSV (h,s,v)(60°, 2%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(100, 0, 0°)
SourceCrayola
ISCC–NBS descriptorWhite
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
Talcum or baby powder
Talcum orbaby powder

TheCrayola crayon colorbaby powder was introduced in 1994 as part of its specialty Magic Scent crayon collection. It is a very light yellow.

Snow

[edit]

Snow
#FFFAFA

Snow
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FFFAFA
sRGBB (r,g,b)(255, 250, 250)
HSV (h,s,v)(0°, 2%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(99, 3, 12°)
SourceX11[6]
ISCC–NBS descriptorWhite
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The web colorsnow is displayed at left.

The first recorded use ofsnow as a color name in English was in 1000.[10]

Snow in Bulgaria
Snow inBulgaria

The colorsnow was included as one of the X11 colors when they were formulated in 1987.

Ivory

[edit]
Main article:Ivory (color)

Ivory
#FFFFF0

Ivory
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FFFFF0
sRGBB (r,g,b)(255, 255, 240)
HSV (h,s,v)(60°, 6%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(100, 0, 0°)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Ivory is an off-white color that resemblesivory, the material out of which theteeth andtusks of animals (such as theelephant and thewalrus) are made. It has a very slight tint ofyellow.

The first recorded use ofivory as a color name in English was in 1385.[11]

A carving in ivory
A carving inivory

The colorivory was included as one of theX11 colors when they were formulated in 1987.

Floral white

[edit]

Floral white
#FFFAF0

Floral white
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FFFAF0
sRGBB (r,g,b)(255, 250, 240)
HSV (h,s,v)(40°, 6%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(98, 9, 67°)
SourceX11[6]
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The web colorfloral white is displayed at left.

There is no evidence that this color name was in use before the X11 color names were formulated in 1987.

Seashell

[edit]
Main article:Seashell (color)

Seashell
#FFF5EE

Seashell
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FFF5EE
sRGBB (r,g,b)(255, 245, 238)
HSV (h,s,v)(25°, 7%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(97, 9, 47°)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorYellowish white
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Seashell is an off-white color that resembles some of the very pale pinkish tones that are common in manyseashells.

The first recorded use ofseashell as a color name in English was in 1926.[12]

Seashell in the sand
Seashell in the sand

In 1987,seashell was included as one of the X11 colors.

Bone white

[edit]

Bone white
#F9F6EE

Bone white
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#F9F6EE
sRGBB (r,g,b)(249, 246, 238)
HSV (h,s,v)(44°, 4%, 98%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(97, 7, 72°)
SourceHTML Color Codes[13]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Bone white is a yellowish-gray shade of white which represents the color of natural, unbleached bones.

Cornsilk

[edit]

Cornsilk
#FFF8DC

Cornsilk
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FFF8DC
sRGBB (r,g,b)(255, 248, 220)
HSV (h,s,v)(48°, 14%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(97, 22, 75°)
SourceX11[6]
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Cornsilk is a color that is a representation of the color ofcornsilk.

The first recorded use ofcornsilk as a color name in English was in 1927.[14]

Cornsilk
Cornsilk

In 1987,cornsilk was included as one of the X11 colors.

Old lace

[edit]

Old lace
#FDF5E6

Old lace
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FDF5E6
sRGBB (r,g,b)(253, 245, 230)
HSV (h,s,v)(39°, 9%, 99%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(97, 13, 66°)
SourceX11[6]
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Old lace is a web color that is a very pale yellowishorange that resembles the color of an oldlace tablecloth.

It is one of the original X11 colors.

Old lace is used as a color of a certain kind ofCaucasian skin type in art.

Cream

[edit]
Main article:Cream (color)

Cream
#FFFDD0

Cream
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FFFDD0
sRGBB (r,g,b)(255, 253, 208)
HSV (h,s,v)(57°, 18%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(98, 33, 84°)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorLight yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Cream is a color that is a representation of the color of thecream produced from the milk of cattle.

The first recorded use ofcream as a color name in English was in 1590.[15]

Strawberries with cream
Strawberries withcream

In 1987,cream was included as one of the X11 colors.

White Chocolate

[edit]
Main article:Cream (color)

White Chocolate
#EDE6D6

White Chocolate
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#EDE6D6
sRGBB (r,g,b)(237, 230, 214)
HSV (h,s,v)(42°, 10%, 93%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(91, 14, 69°)
SourceEncycolorpedia
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

White Chocolate is a color that is a representation of the color ofwhite chocolate made ofcocoa butter,sugar andmilk.


Beige

[edit]
Main article:Beige

Beige
#F5F5DC

Beige
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#F5F5DC
sRGBB (r,g,b)(245, 245, 220)
HSV (h,s,v)(60°, 10%, 96%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(96, 19, 86°)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The colorbeige is displayed at left.

The first recorded use ofbeige as a color name in English was in 1887.[16]

The term originates frombeige cloth, a cottonfabric left undyed in its natural color.

A beige cat
A beige cat

Items that are ofbeige color in real world applications are typically closer to brown than they are to white.

Parchment

[edit]

Parchment
#F1E9D2

Parchment
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#F1E9D2
sRGBB (r,g,b)(241, 233, 210)
HSV (h,s,v)(45°, 13%, 95%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(92, 19, 72°)
SourceXona.com Color List[17]
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Displayed at left is the color parchment.

Parchment made from goatskin
Parchment made fromgoatskin

In 2001, this was made into one of the colors on the Xona.com color list.

Antique white

[edit]

Antique white
#FAEBD7

Antique white
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FAEBD7
sRGBB (r,g,b)(250, 235, 215)
HSV (h,s,v)(34°, 14%, 98%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(94, 20, 59°)
SourceX11[6]
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Antique white is a web color.

The color nameantique white began to be used in 1987 when the X11 colors were first formulated.

Champagne

[edit]
Main article:Champagne (color)

Champagne
#F7E7CE

Champagne
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#F7E7CE
sRGBB (r,g,b)(247, 231, 206)
HSV (h,s,v)(37°, 17%, 97%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(92, 23, 62°)
SourceMaerz and Paul
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The colorchampagne is displayed at left.

The color's name is derived from the typical color of the beveragechampagne.

A glass of champagne
A glass ofchampagne

The first recorded use ofchampagne as a color name in English was in 1915.[18]

Eggshell

[edit]
Main article:Eggshell (color)

Eggshell
#F0EAD6

Eggshell
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#F0EAD6
sRGBB (r,g,b)(240, 234, 214)
HSV (h,s,v)(46°, 11%, 94%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(93, 16, 74°)
SourceISCC-NBS[19]
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The coloreggshell is displayed at left.

Broken egg shells
Broken egg shells

The coloreggshell is a representation of the average color ofchicken eggs.

Dutch white

[edit]

Dutch white
#EFDFBB

Dutch white
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#EFDFBB
sRGBB (r,g,b)(239, 223, 187)
HSV (h,s,v)(42°, 22%, 94%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(89, 31, 67°)
SourceResene[20]
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Displayed at left is the colorDutch white.

Dutch white is one of the colors on the Resene Color List, a color list popular in Australia and New Zealand. The colorDutch white was formulated in 2000.

Bone

[edit]

Bone
#E3DAC9

Bone
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#E3DAC9
sRGBB (r,g,b)(227, 218, 201)
HSV (h,s,v)(39°, 11%, 89%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(87, 15, 66°)
SourceKelly-Moore[21]
ISCC–NBS descriptorYellowish gray
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The colorbone is displayed at left. This color is a representation of the color ofbones.

The first recorded use ofbone as a color name in English was in the first decade of the 19th century (exact year uncertain).[22]

Cranial bones
Cranial bones

Vanilla

[edit]
Main article:Vanilla (color)

Vanilla
#F3E5AB

Vanilla
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#F3E5AB
sRGBB (r,g,b)(243, 229, 171)
HSV (h,s,v)(48°, 30%, 95%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(91, 44, 75°)
SourceISCC-NBS[23]
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale greenish yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The colorvanilla is a richtint of off-white as well as a medium pale tint of yellow.

Vanilla orchid
Vanilla orchid
Vanilla ice cream
Vanillaice cream

The first recorded use ofvanilla as a color name in English was in 1925.[24]

Flax

[edit]
Main article:Flax (color)

Flax
#EEDC82

Flax
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#EEDC82
sRGBB (r,g,b)(238, 220, 130)
HSV (h,s,v)(50°, 45%, 93%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(87, 63, 75°)
SourceMaerz and Paul[25]
ISCC–NBS descriptorLight greenish yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The colorflax is displayed at left.

A patch of flax in Poland
A patch offlax inPoland

The first recorded use offlax as a color name in English was in 1915.[26]

Navajo white

[edit]
Main article:Navajo white

Navajo white
#FFDEAD

Navajo white
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FFDEAD
sRGBB (r,g,b)(255, 222, 173)
HSV (h,s,v)(36°, 32%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(90, 45, 58°)
SourceX11[6]
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Navajo white is a whitish orange color, and derives its name from theNavajo Nation ethnic flag, a flag that uses this color.In 1987,Navajo white was included as one of the X11 colors.

Alabaster

[edit]

Alabaster
#EDEAE0

Displayed at left is the coloralabaster. It represents the whitish color of the mineralalabaster.

Alabaster
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#EDEAE0
sRGBB (r,g,b)(237, 234, 224)
HSV (h,s,v)(46°, 5%, 93%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(93, 8, 74°)
Source[Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
A slab of alabaster
A slab ofalabaster

Alabaster has been used as a color in English since 1594 (in Shakespeare'sThe Rape of Lucrece), but the origin of the RGB coordinates is not known.

Linen

[edit]

Linen
#FAF0E6

An X11 color, representing the whitish color of thelinen cloth.

Linen
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FAF0E6
sRGBB (r,g,b)(250, 240, 230)
HSV (h,s,v)(30°, 8%, 98%)
CIELChuv (L,C,h)(95, 11, 54°)
SourceX11
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
Linen handkerchief
Linen handkerchief

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Sickler, Dean (2010).The Keys to Color: A Decorator's Handbook. The Keys to Color. p. 11.ISBN 9781439270486. Retrieved17 December 2010.
  2. ^Ryan, Elaine (2007).Color Your Life: How to Design Your Home with Colors from Your Heart. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 12–15.ISBN 9780312368197. Retrieved17 December 2010.
  3. ^Mahnke, Frank H. (1996).Color, Environment, and Human Response. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 80.ISBN 9780471286677. Retrieved17 December 2010.
  4. ^Korn, Melissa (2021-08-12)."Simply White, Snowfall White, School House White: Proliferation of White Paint Shades Stupefies Renovators".The Wall Street Journal. Archived fromthe original on 2021-08-13. Retrieved2021-08-13.
  5. ^"Couleur de craie _ définition et codes couleur - pourpre.com".Pourpre. Archived fromthe original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved30 December 2022.
  6. ^abcdefg"CSS Color Module Level 3".
  7. ^Crowther, Jenny."16 Count Crayola Pearl Brite Crayons: What's Inside the Box".Jenny's Crayon Collection. Retrieved2021-11-17.
  8. ^Map, Color Hex."#f4f5fa Hex Color - White Solid".Color Hex Map.
  9. ^"#f4f5fa Hex Color - White Solid - Color Hex Map".Color Hex Map. Retrieved2022-06-20.
  10. ^Maerz and PaulA Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 204
  11. ^Maerz and PaulA Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 197; Color Sample of Ivory: Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample B12
  12. ^Maerz and PaulA Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 204; Color Sample of Seashell: Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample A4
  13. ^"Bone White Color, Codes and Facts".HTML Color Codes. Retrieved2022-10-05.
  14. ^Maerz and PaulA Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 193; Color Sample of Cornsilk: Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample G3
  15. ^Maerz and PaulA Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 193; Color Sample of Cream: Page 41 Plate 9 Color Sample D4
  16. ^Maerz and PaulA Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 190; Color Sample of Beige: Page 45 Plate 11 Color Sample C2
  17. ^"Xona Games - Color List".xona.com.
  18. ^Maerz and PaulA Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 192; Color Sample of Champagne: Page 45 Plate 11 Color Sample B3 Note: The color called Champagne in the color box above (color #F7E7CE) matches the color shown as Champagne in Maerz and Paul.
  19. ^ISCC-NBS
  20. ^"Colour Swatch".Resene Swatches.
  21. ^"Kelly-Moore Paints: Color Center".kellymoore.autech.com.au.
  22. ^Maerz and PaulA Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 190
  23. ^ISCC-NBS
  24. ^Maerz and PaulA Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 206; Color Sample of Vanilla: Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample C3
  25. ^The color displayed in the color box above matches the color calledflax in the 1930 book by Maerz and PaulA Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the colorflax is displayed on page 47, Plate 12, Color Sample B2.
  26. ^Maerz and PaulA Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 195; Color Sample of Flax: Page 47 Plate 12 Color Sample B2
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A typical sample is shown for each name; a range of color-variations is commonly associated with each color-name.
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