| Sexagenary cycle | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 六十干支 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | sixty stem branch | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||
| Chinese | 干支 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | stem branch | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Thesexagenary cycle, also known as thegānzhī (干支) orstems-and-branches, is a cycle of sixty terms used to designate successive years, historically used for recording time in China and the rest of theEast Asian cultural sphere, as well as inSoutheast Asia.[1][2]
Each term in the sexagenary cycle consists of two Chinese characters, the first being one of the tenHeavenly Stems of theShang-era week and the second being one of the twelveEarthly Branches representing the years ofJupiter'sduodecennial orbital cycle. The first termjiǎzǐ (甲子) combines the first heavenly stem with the first earthly branch. The second termyǐchǒu (乙丑) combines the second stem with the second branch. This pattern continues until both cycles conclude simultaneously withguǐhài (癸亥), after which it begins again atjiǎzǐ. This termination at ten and twelve'sleast common multiple leaves half of the combinations—such asjiǎchǒu (甲丑)—unused; this is traditionally explained by reference to pairing the stems and branches according to theiryin and yang properties.
It appeared as a means of recording days in the first Chinese written texts, theoracle bones of the late second millennium BCShang dynasty. Its use to record years began around the middle of the 3rd century BC.[3] The cycle and its variations have been an important part of the traditional calendrical systems in Chinese-influenced Asian states and territories, particularly those ofJapan,Korea, andVietnam, with the old Chinese system still in use inTaiwan, and inMainland China.[4] In India, theAhom people (descendants of theDai people ofYunnan who migrated toAssam in the 13th century) also used the sexagenary cycle known as Lak-Ni.[5][6]
This traditional method of numbering days and years no longer has any significant role in modern Chinese time-keeping or the official calendar. However, the sexagenary cycle is used in the names of many historical events, such as the ChineseXinhai Revolution, the JapaneseBoshin War, the KoreanImjin War and the VietnameseFamine of Ất Dậu,Tết Mậu Thân. It also continues to have a role in contemporaryChinese astrology andfortune telling. There are some parallels in this withTamil calendar.
This combination of two sub-cycles to generate a larger cycle and its use to record time have parallels in other calendrical systems, notably theAkan calendar.[7]
The sexagenary cycle is attested as a method of recording days from the earliest written records in China,records of divination onoracle bones, beginningc. 1100 BC.[8] Almost every oracle bone inscription includes a date in this format. This use of the cycle for days is attested throughout theZhou dynasty and remained common into theHan period for all documentary purposes that required dates specified to the day.
Almost all the dates in theSpring and Autumn Annals, a chronological list of events from 722 to 481 BC, use this system in combination with regnal years and months (lunations) to record dates. Eclipses recorded in the Annals demonstrate that continuity in the sexagenary day-count was unbroken from that period onwards. It is likely that this unbroken continuity went back still further to the first appearance of the sexagenary cycle during the Shang period.[9]
The use of the sexagenary cycle for recording years is much more recent. The earliest discovered documents showing this usage are among the silk manuscripts recovered fromMawangdui tomb 3, sealed in 168 BC. In one of these documents, a sexagenary grid diagram is annotated in three places to mark notable events. For example, the first year of the reign ofQin Shi Huang (秦始皇), 246 BC, is noted on the diagram next to the position of the 60-cycle termyǐmǎo (乙卯, 52 of 60), corresponding to that year.[10][11] Use of the cycle to record years became widespread for administrative time-keeping during theWestern Han dynasty (202 BC – 8 AD). The count of years has continued uninterrupted ever since:[12] the year 1984 began the present cycle (a甲子—jiǎzǐ year), and 2044 will begin another. Note that in China thenew year, when the sexagenary count increments, is not January 1, but rather thelunar new year of the traditionalChinese calendar. For example, thejichou己丑 year (coinciding roughly with 2009) began on January 26, 2009. (However, for astrology, the year begins with the first solar term "Lìchūn" (立春), which occurs near February 4.)
In Japan, according toNihon shoki, the calendar was transmitted to Japan in 553. But it was not until theSuiko era that the calendar was used for politics. The year 604, when the Japanese officially adopted theChinese calendar, was the first year of the cycle.[13]
The Korean (환갑; 還甲hwangap) and Japanese tradition (還暦kanreki) of celebrating the 60th birthday (literally 'return of calendar') reflects the influence of the sexagenary cycle as a count of years.[14]
TheTibetan calendar also counts years using a 60-year cycle based on 12 animals and 5 elements, but while the first year of the Chinese cycle is alwaysjiǎzǐ (the year of the WoodRat), the first year of the Tibetan cycle isdīngmǎo (丁卯; year 4 on the Chinese cycle, year of the FireRabbit).[15]
| No. | Heavenly Stem | Ahom Name | Chinese name | Japanese name | Korean name | Vietnamese name | Yin Yang | Wu Xing | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mandarin (Pinyin) | Cantonese (Jyutping) | Middle Chinese (Baxter) | Old Chinese (Baxter–Sagart) | Onyomi | Kunyomi with correspondingkanji | Romanized | Hangul | ||||||
| 1 | 甲 | kap | jiǎ | gaap3 | kæp | *[k]ˤr[a]p | kō (こう) | kinoe (木の兄) | gap | 갑 | giáp | yang | wood |
| 2 | 乙 | dap | yǐ | jyut3 | ʔit | *qrət | otsu (おつ) | kinoto (木の弟) | eul | 을 | ất | yin | |
| 3 | 丙 | rai | bǐng | bing2 | pjængX | *praŋʔ | hei (へい) | hinoe (火の兄) | byeong | 병 | bính | yang | fire |
| 4 | 丁 | Mueang | dīng | ding1 | teng | *tˤeŋ | tei (てい) | hinoto (火の弟) | jeong | 정 | đinh | yin | |
| 5 | 戊 | plaek | wù | mou6 | muwH | *m(r)uʔ-s (~ *m(r)uʔ) | bo (ぼ) | tsuchinoe (土の兄) | mu | 무 | mậu | yang | earth |
| 6 | 己 | kat | jǐ | gei2 | kiX | *k(r)əʔ | ki (き) | tsuchinoto (土の弟) | gi | 기 | kỷ | yin | |
| 7 | 庚 | khut | gēng | gang1 | kæng | *kˤraŋ | kō (こう) | kanoe (金の兄) | gyeong | 경 | canh | yang | metal |
| 8 | 辛 | rung | xīn | san1 | sin | *si[n] | shin (しん) | kanoto (金の弟) | sin | 신 | tân | yin | |
| 9 | 壬 | tao | rén | jam4 | nyim | *n[ə]m | jin (じん) | mizunoe (水の兄) | im | 임 | nhâm | yang | water |
| 10 | 癸 | ka | guǐ | gwai3 | kjwijX | *kʷijʔ | ki (き) | mizunoto (水の弟) | gye | 계 | quý | yin | |
| No. | Earthly Branch | Chinese name | Japanese name | Korean name | Vietnamese name | Vietnamese zodiac | Chinese zodiac | Corresponding hours | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mandarin (Pinyin) | Cantonese (Jyutping) | Middle Chinese (Baxter) | Old Chinese (Baxter–Sagart) | Onyomi | Kunyomi | Romanized | Hangul | ||||||
| 1 | 子 | zǐ | zi2 | tsiX | *[ts]əʔ | shi (し) | ne (ね) | ja | 자 | tý | Rat (chuột𤝞) | Rat (鼠) | 23:00–01:00 |
| 2 | 丑 | chǒu | cau2 | trhjuwX | *[n̥]ruʔ | chū (ちゅう) | ushi (うし) | chuk | 축 | sửu | Water buffalo (trâu𤛠) | Ox (牛) | 01:00–03:00 |
| 3 | 寅 | yín | jan4 | yij | *[ɢ](r)ər | in (いん) | tora (とら) | in | 인 | dần | Tiger (hổ虎/cọp𧲫) | Tiger (虎) | 03:00–05:00 |
| 4 | 卯 | mǎo | maau5 | mæwX | *mˤruʔ | bō (ぼう) | u (う) | myo | 묘 | mão/mẹo | Cat (mèo猫) | Rabbit (兔) | 05:00–07:00 |
| 5 | 辰 | chén | san4 | dzyin | *[d]ər | shin (しん) | tatsu (たつ) | jin | 진 | thìn | Dragon (rồng龍) | Dragon (龍) | 07:00–09:00 |
| 6 | 巳 | sì | zi6 | ziX | *s-[ɢ]əʔ | shi (し) | mi (み) | sa | 사 | tỵ | Snake (rắn𧋻) | Snake (蛇) | 09:00–11:00 |
| 7 | 午 | wǔ | ng5 | nguX | *[m].qʰˤaʔ | go (ご) | uma (うま) | o | 오 | ngọ | Horse (ngựa馭) | Horse (馬) | 11:00–13:00 |
| 8 | 未 | wèi | mei6 | mjɨjH | *m[ə]t-s | mi (み)or bi (び) | hitsuji (ひつじ) | mi | 미 | mùi | Goat (dê羝) | Goat (羊) | 13:00–15:00 |
| 9 | 申 | shēn | san1 | syin | *l̥i[n] | shin (しん) | saru (さる) | sin | 신 | thân | Monkey (khỉ𤠳) | Monkey (猴) | 15:00–17:00 |
| 10 | 酉 | yǒu | jau5 | yuwX | *N-ruʔ | yū (ゆう) | tori (とり) | yu | 유 | dậu | Rooster (gà𪂮) | Rooster (雞) | 17:00–19:00 |
| 11 | 戌 | xū | seot1 | swit | *s.mi[t] | jutsu (じゅつ) | inu (いぬ) | sul | 술 | tuất | Dog (chó㹥) | Dog (狗) | 19:00–21:00 |
| 12 | 亥 | hài | hoi6 | hojX | *[g]ˤəʔ | gai (がい) | i (い) | hae | 해 | hợi | Pig (lợn𤞼/heo㺧) | Pig (豬) | 21:00–23:00 |
*The names of several animals can be translated into English in several different ways. The VietnameseEarthly Branches use cat instead ofRabbit.
| No. | Stem-Branch | Mandarin ChinesePinyin | Korean | Japanese | Vietnamese | Associations | AD | BC | Current Cycle |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 甲子 | jiǎzǐ | gapja 갑자 |
| Giáp Tý | Yang WoodRat | 4 | 57 | 1984 |
| 2 | 乙丑 | yǐchǒu | eulchuk 을축 |
| Ất Sửu | Yin WoodOx | 5 | 56 | 1985 |
| 3 | 丙寅 | bǐngyín | byeongin 병인 |
| Bính Dần | Yang FireTiger | 6 | 55 | 1986 |
| 4 | 丁卯 | dīngmǎo | jeongmyo 정묘 |
| Đinh Mão | Yin FireRabbit | 7 | 54 | 1987 |
| 5 | 戊辰 | wùchén | mujin 무진 |
| Mậu Thìn | Yang EarthDragon | 8 | 53 | 1988 |
| 6 | 己巳 | jǐsì | gisa 기사 |
| Kỷ Tỵ | Yin EarthSnake | 9 | 52 | 1989 |
| 7 | 庚午 | gēngwǔ | gyeongo 경오 |
| Canh Ngọ | Yang MetalHorse | 10 | 51 | 1990 |
| 8 | 辛未 | xīnwèi | sinmi 신미 |
| Tân Mùi | Yin MetalGoat | 11 | 50 | 1991 |
| 9 | 壬申 | rénshēn | imsin 임신 |
| Nhâm Thân | Yang WaterMonkey | 12 | 49 | 1992 |
| 10 | 癸酉 | guǐyǒu | gyeyu 계유 |
| Quý Dậu | Yin WaterRooster | 13 | 48 | 1993 |
| 11 | 甲戌 | jiǎxū | gapsul 갑술 |
| Giáp Tuất | Yang WoodDog | 14 | 47 | 1994 |
| 12 | 乙亥 | yǐhài | eulhae 을해 |
| Ât Hợi | Yin WoodPig | 15 | 46 | 1995 |
| 13 | 丙子 | bǐngzǐ | byeongja 병자 |
| Bính Tý | Yang FireRat | 16 | 45 | 1996 |
| 14 | 丁丑 | dīngchǒu | jeongchuk 정축 |
| Đinh Sửu | Yin FireOx | 17 | 44 | 1997 |
| 15 | 戊寅 | wùyín | muin 무인 |
| Mậu Dần | Yang EarthTiger | 18 | 43 | 1998 |
| 16 | 己卯 | jǐmǎo | gimyo 기묘 |
| Kỷ Mão | Yin EarthRabbit | 19 | 42 | 1999 |
| 17 | 庚辰 | gēngchén | gyeongjin 경진 |
| Canh Thìn | Yang MetalDragon | 20 | 41 | 2000 |
| 18 | 辛巳 | xīnsì | sinsa 신사 |
| Tân Tỵ | Yin MetalSnake | 21 | 40 | 2001 |
| 19 | 壬午 | rénwǔ | imo 임오 |
| Nhâm Ngọ | Yang WaterHorse | 22 | 39 | 2002 |
| 20 | 癸未 | guǐwèi | gyemi 계미 |
| Quý Mùi | Yin WaterGoat | 23 | 38 | 2003 |
| 21 | 甲申 | jiǎshēn | gapsin 갑신 |
| Giáp Thân | Yang WoodMonkey | 24 | 37 | 2004 |
| 22 | 乙酉 | yǐyǒu | euryu 을유 |
| Ất Dậu | Yin WoodRooster | 25 | 36 | 2005 |
| 23 | 丙戌 | bǐngxū | byeongsul 병술 |
| Bính Tuất | Yang FireDog | 26 | 35 | 2006 |
| 24 | 丁亥 | dīnghài | jeonghae 정해 |
| Đinh Hợi | Yin FirePig | 27 | 34 | 2007 |
| 25 | 戊子 | wùzǐ | muja 무자 |
| Mậu Tý | Yang EarthRat | 28 | 33 | 2008 |
| 26 | 己丑 | jǐchǒu | gichuk 기축 |
| Kỷ Sửu | Yin EarthOx | 29 | 32 | 2009 |
| 27 | 庚寅 | gēngyín | gyeongin 경인 |
| Canh Dần | Yang MetalTiger | 30 | 31 | 2010 |
| 28 | 辛卯 | xīnmǎo | sinmyo 신묘 |
| Tân Mão | Yin MetalRabbit | 31 | 30 | 2011 |
| 29 | 壬辰 | rénchén | imjin 임진 |
| Nhâm Thìn | Yang WaterDragon | 32 | 29 | 2012 |
| 30 | 癸巳 | guǐsì | gyesa 계사 |
| Quý Tỵ | Yin WaterSnake | 33 | 28 | 2013 |
| 31 | 甲午 | jiǎwǔ | gabo 갑오 |
| Giáp Ngọ | Yang WoodHorse | 34 | 27 | 2014 |
| 32 | 乙未 | yǐwèi | eulmi 을미 |
| Ất Mùi | Yin WoodGoat | 35 | 26 | 2015 |
| 33 | 丙申 | bǐngshēn | byeongsin 병신 |
| Bính Thân | Yang FireMonkey | 36 | 25 | 2016 |
| 34 | 丁酉 | dīngyǒu | jeongyu 정유 |
| Đinh Dậu | Yin FireRooster | 37 | 24 | 2017 |
| 35 | 戊戌 | wùxū | musul 무술 |
| Mậu Tuất | Yang EarthDog | 38 | 23 | 2018 |
| 36 | 己亥 | jǐhài | gihae 기해 |
| Kỷ Hợi | Yin EarthPig | 39 | 22 | 2019 |
| 37 | 庚子 | gēngzǐ | gyeongja 경자 |
| Canh Tý | Yang MetalRat | 40 | 21 | 2020 |
| 38 | 辛丑 | xīnchǒu | sinchuk 신축 |
| Tân Sửu | Yin MetalOx | 41 | 20 | 2021 |
| 39 | 壬寅 | rényín | imin 임인 |
| Nhâm Dần | Yang WaterTiger | 42 | 19 | 2022 |
| 40 | 癸卯 | guǐmǎo | gyemyo 계묘 |
| Quý Mão | Yin WaterRabbit | 43 | 18 | 2023 |
| 41 | 甲辰 | jiǎchén | gapjin 갑진 |
| Giáp Thìn | Yang WoodDragon | 44 | 17 | 2024 |
| 42 | 乙巳 | yǐsì | eulsa 을사 |
| Ất Tỵ | Yin WoodSnake | 45 | 16 | 2025 |
| 43 | 丙午 | bǐngwǔ | byeongo 병오 |
| Bính Ngọ | Yang FireHorse | 46 | 15 | 2026 |
| 44 | 丁未 | dīngwèi | jeongmi 정미 |
| Đinh Mùi | Yin FireGoat | 47 | 14 | 2027 |
| 45 | 戊申 | wùshēn | musin 무신 |
| Mậu Thân | Yang EarthMonkey | 48 | 13 | 2028 |
| 46 | 己酉 | jǐyǒu | giyu 기유 |
| Kỷ Dậu | Yin EarthRooster | 49 | 12 | 2029 |
| 47 | 庚戌 | gēngxū | gyeongsul 경술 |
| Canh Tuất | Yang MetalDog | 50 | 11 | 2030 |
| 48 | 辛亥 | xīnhài | sinhae 신해 |
| Tân Hợi | Yin MetalPig | 51 | 10 | 2031 |
| 49 | 壬子 | rénzǐ | imja 임자 |
| Nhâm Tý | Yang WaterRat | 52 | 9 | 2032 |
| 50 | 癸丑 | guǐchǒu | gyechuk 계축 |
| Quý Sửu | Yin WaterOx | 53 | 8 | 2033 |
| 51 | 甲寅 | jiǎyín | gabin 갑인 |
| Giáp Dần | Yang WoodTiger | 54 | 7 | 2034 |
| 52 | 乙卯 | yǐmǎo | eulmyo 을묘 |
| Ất Mão | Yin WoodRabbit | 55 | 6 | 2035 |
| 53 | 丙辰 | bǐngchén | byeongjin 병진 |
| Bính Thìn | Yang FireDragon | 56 | 5 | 2036 |
| 54 | 丁巳 | dīngsì | jeongsa 정사 |
| Đinh Tỵ | Yin FireSnake | 57 | 4 | 2037 |
| 55 | 戊午 | wùwǔ | muo 무오 |
| Mậu Ngọ | Yang EarthHorse | 58 | 3 | 2038 |
| 56 | 己未 | jǐwèi | gimi 기미 |
| Kỷ Mùi | Yin EarthGoat | 59 | 2 | 2039 |
| 57 | 庚申 | gēngshēn | gyeongsin 경신 |
| Canh Thân | Yang MetalMonkey | 60 | 1 | 2040 |
| 58 | 辛酉 | xīnyǒu | sinyu 신유 |
| Tân Dậu | Yin MetalRooster | 1 | 60 | 2041 |
| 59 | 壬戌 | rénxū | imsul 임술 |
| Nhâm Tuất | Yang WaterDog | 2 | 59 | 2042 |
| 60 | 癸亥 | guǐhài | gyehae 계해 |
| Quý Hợi | Yin WaterPig | 3 | 58 | 2043 |
As mentioned above, the cycle first started to be used for indicating years during the Han dynasty, but it also can be used to indicate earlier years retroactively. Since it repeats, by itself it cannot specify a year without some other information, but it is frequently used with theChinese era name (年号, 年號;niánhào) to specify a year.[16] The year starts with the new year of whoever is using the calendar. In China, the cyclic year normally changes on the ChineseLunar New Year. In Japan until recently it was the Japanese lunar new year, which was sometimes different from the Chinese; now it is January 1. So when calculating the cyclic year of a date in the Gregorian year, one has to consider what their "new year" is. Hence, the following calculation deals with the Chinese datesafter the Lunar New Year in that Gregorian year; to find the corresponding sexagenary year in the dates before the Lunar New Year would require the Gregorian year to be decreasedby 1.
As for example, the year 2697 BC (or −2696, using the astronomical year count), traditionally the first year of the reign of the legendaryYellow Emperor, was the first year (甲子;jiǎzǐ) of a cycle. 2700 years later in 4 AD, the duration equivalent to 45 60-year cycles, was also the starting year of a 60-year cycle. Similarly 1980 years later, 1984 was the start of a new cycle.
Thus, to find out theGregorian year's equivalent in the sexagenary cycle use the appropriate method below.
The result will produce a number between 0 and 59, corresponding to the year order in the cycle; if the remainder is 0, it corresponds to the 60th year of a cycle. Thus, using the first method, the equivalent sexagenary year for 2012 AD is the 29th year (壬辰;rénchén), as(2012–3)mod 60 = 29 (i.e., the remainder of (2012–3) divided by 60 is 29). Using the second, the equivalent sexagenary year for 221 BC is the 17th year (庚辰;gēngchén), as60- [(221+2) mod 60] = 17 (i.e., 60 minus the remainder of (221+2) divided by 60 is 17).
Step-by-step example to determine the sign for 1967:
Step-by-step example to determine the cyclic year of first year of the reign ofQin Shi Huang (246 BC):
Start from the AD year (1967), take directly the remainder mod 60, and look into column AD of the table "Sexagenary years" (just above).
Remainder is therefore 47 and the AD column says 'FireGoat' as it should be.
For a BC year: discard the minus sign, take the remainder of the year mod 60 and look into column BC. Applied to year -246, this gives:
When doing these conversions, year 246 BC cannot be treated as −246 AD due to the lack of a year 0 in the Gregorian AD/BC system.
| No. | Heavenly stem | Earthly branch | New Year Day | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Element) | (Animal) | 76th cycle | 77th cycle | 78th cycle | 79th cycle | |
| 01 | 甲 Yang Wood | 子Rat | 11 Feb1804 | 08 Feb1864 | 05 Feb1924 | 02 Feb1984 |
| 02 | 乙 Yin Wood | 丑Ox | 31 Jan1805 | 27 Jan1865 | 24 Jan1925 | 21 Jan1985 |
| 03 | 丙 Yang Fire | 寅Tiger | 18 Feb1806 | 15 Feb1866 | 13 Feb1926 | 09 Feb1986 |
| 04 | 丁 Yin Fire | 卯Rabbit | 07 Feb1807 | 05 Feb1867 | 02 Feb1927 | 30 Jan1987 |
| 05 | 戊 Yang Earth | 辰Dragon | 28 Jan1808 | 25 Jan1868 | 23 Jan1928 | 18 Feb1988 |
| 06 | 己 Yin Earth | 巳Snake | 15 Feb1809 | 11 Feb1869 | 10 Feb1929 | 06 Feb1989 |
| 07 | 庚 Yang Metal | 午Horse | 04 Feb1810 | 01 Feb1870 | 30 Jan1930 | 27 Jan1990 |
| 08 | 辛 Yin Metal | 未Goat | 25 Jan1811 | 20 Feb1871 | 17 Feb1931 | 15 Feb1991 |
| 09 | 壬 Yang Water | 申Monkey | 13 Feb1812 | 09 Feb1872 | 07 Feb1932 | 04 Feb1992 |
| 10 | 癸 Yin Water | 酉Rooster | 01 Feb1813 | 29 Jan1873 | 26 Jan1933 | 23 Jan1993 |
| 11 | 甲 Yang Wood | 戌Dog | 21 Jan1814 | 17 Feb1874 | 14 Feb1934 | 11 Feb1994 |
| 12 | 乙 Yin Wood | 亥Pig | 09 Feb1815 | 06 Feb1875 | 04 Feb1935 | 31 Jan1995 |
| 13 | 丙 Yang Fire | 子Rat | 29 Jan1816 | 26 Jan1876 | 24 Jan1936 | 19 Feb1996 |
| 14 | 丁 Yin Fire | 丑Ox | 16 Feb1817 | 13 Feb1877 | 11 Feb1937 | 07 Feb1997 |
| 15 | 戊 Yang Earth | 寅Tiger | 06 Feb1818 | 02 Feb1878 | 31 Jan1938 | 28 Jan1998 |
| 16 | 己 Yin Earth | 卯Rabbit | 26 Jan1819 | 23 Jan1879 | 19 Feb1939 | 16 Feb1999 |
| 17 | 庚 Yang Metal | 辰Dragon | 14 Feb1820 | 10 Feb1880 | 08 Feb1940 | 05 Feb2000 |
| 18 | 辛 Yin Metal | 巳Snake | 03 Feb1821 | 30 Jan1881 | 27 Jan1941 | 24 Jan2001 |
| 19 | 壬 Yang Water | 午Horse | 23 Jan1822 | 18 Feb1882 | 15 Feb1942 | 12 Feb2002 |
| 20 | 癸 Yin Water | 未Goat | 11 Feb1823 | 08 Feb1883 | 05 Feb1943 | 01 Feb2003 |
| 21 | 甲 Yang Wood | 申Monkey | 31 Jan1824 | 28 Jan1884 | 25 Jan1944 | 22 Jan2004 |
| 22 | 乙 Yin Wood | 酉Rooster | 18 Feb1825 | 15 Feb1885 | 13 Feb1945 | 09 Feb2005 |
| 23 | 丙 Yang Fire | 戌Dog | 07 Feb1826 | 04 Feb1886 | 02 Feb1946 | 30 Jan2006 |
| 24 | 丁 Yin Fire | 亥Pig | 27 Jan1827 | 24 Jan1887 | 22 Jan1947 | 18 Feb2007 |
| 25 | 戊 Yang Earth | 子Rat | 16 Feb1828 | 12 Feb1888 | 10 Feb1948 | 07 Feb2008 |
| 26 | 己 Yin Earth | 丑Ox | 04 Feb1829 | 31 Jan1889 | 29 Jan1949 | 26 Jan2009 |
| 27 | 庚 Yang Metal | 寅Tiger | 25 Jan1830 | 21 Jan1890 | 17 Feb1950 | 14 Feb2010 |
| 28 | 辛 Yin Metal | 卯Rabbit | 13 Feb1831 | 09 Feb1891 | 06 Feb1951 | 03 Feb2011 |
| 29 | 壬 Yang Water | 辰Dragon | 02 Feb1832 | 30 Jan1892 | 27 Jan1952 | 23 Jan2012 |
| 30 | 癸 Yin Water | 巳Snake | 20 Feb1833 | 17 Feb1893 | 14 Feb1953 | 10 Feb2013 |
| 31 | 甲 Yang Wood | 午Horse | 09 Feb1834 | 06 Feb1894 | 04 Feb1954 | 31 Jan2014 |
| 32 | 乙 Yin Wood | 未Goat | 29 Jan1835 | 26 Jan1895 | 24 Jan1955 | 19 Feb2015 |
| 33 | 丙 Yang Fire | 申Monkey | 17 Feb1836 | 13 Feb1896 | 12 Feb1956 | 08 Feb2016 |
| 34 | 丁 Yin Fire | 酉Rooster | 06 Feb1837 | 02 Feb1897 | 31 Jan1957 | 28 Jan2017 |
| 35 | 戊 Yang Earth | 戌Dog | 26 Jan1838 | 22 Jan1898 | 19 Feb1958 | 16 Feb2018 |
| 36 | 己 Yin Earth | 亥Pig | 14 Feb1839 | 10 Feb1899 | 08 Feb1959 | 05 Feb2019 |
| 37 | 庚 Yang Metal | 子Rat | 03 Feb1840 | 31 Jan1900 | 28 Jan1960 | 25 Jan2020 |
| 38 | 辛 Yin Metal | 丑Ox | 23 Jan1841 | 19 Feb1901 | 15 Feb1961 | 12 Feb2021 |
| 39 | 壬 Yang Water | 寅Tiger | 10 Feb1842 | 08 Feb1902 | 05 Feb1962 | 01 Feb2022 |
| 40 | 癸 Yin Water | 卯Rabbit | 30 Jan1843 | 29 Jan1903 | 26 Jan1963 | 22 Jan2023 |
| 41 | 甲 Yang Wood | 辰Dragon | 18 Feb1844 | 16 Feb1904 | 13 Feb1964 | 10 Feb2024 |
| 42 | 乙 Yin Wood | 巳Snake | 07 Feb1845 | 04 Feb1905 | 02 Feb1965 | 29 Jan2025 |
| 43 | 丙 Yang Fire | 午Horse | 27 Jan1846 | 25 Jan1906 | 22 Jan1966 | 17 Feb2026 |
| 44 | 丁 Yin Fire | 未Goat | 16 Feb1847 | 13 Feb1907 | 09 Feb1967 | 06 Feb2027 |
| 45 | 戊 Yang Earth | 申Monkey | 05 Feb1848 | 02 Feb1908 | 30 Jan1968 | 26 Jan2028 |
| 46 | 己 Yin Earth | 酉Rooster | 24 Jan1849 | 22 Jan1909 | 17 Feb1969 | 13 Feb2029 |
| 47 | 庚 Yang Metal | 戌Dog | 12 Feb1850 | 10 Feb1910 | 06 Feb1970 | 03 Feb2030 |
| 48 | 辛 Yin Metal | 亥Pig | 01 Feb1851 | 30 Jan1911 | 27 Jan1971 | 23 Jan2031 |
| 49 | 壬 Yang Water | 子Rat | 20 Feb1852 | 18 Feb1912 | 15 Feb1972 | 11 Feb2032 |
| 50 | 癸 Yin Water | 丑Ox | 08 Feb1853 | 06 Feb1913 | 03 Feb1973 | 31 Jan2033 |
| 51 | 甲 Yang Wood | 寅Tiger | 29 Jan1854 | 26 Jan1914 | 23 Jan1974 | 19 Feb2034 |
| 52 | 乙 Yin Wood | 卯Rabbit | 17 Feb1855 | 14 Feb1915 | 11 Feb1975 | 08 Feb2035 |
| 53 | 丙 Yang Fire | 辰Dragon | 07 Feb1856 | 03 Feb1916 | 31 Jan1976 | 28 Jan2036 |
| 54 | 丁 Yin Fire | 巳Snake | 26 Jan1857 | 23 Jan1917 | 18 Feb1977 | 15 Feb2037 |
| 55 | 戊 Yang Earth | 午Horse | 14 Feb1858 | 11 Feb1918 | 07 Feb1978 | 04 Feb2038 |
| 56 | 己 Yin Earth | 未Goat | 03 Feb1859 | 01 Feb1919 | 28 Jan1979 | 24 Jan2039 |
| 57 | 庚 Yang Metal | 申Monkey | 23 Jan1860 | 20 Feb1920 | 16 Feb1980 | 12 Feb2040 |
| 58 | 辛 Yin Metal | 酉Rooster | 10 Feb1861 | 08 Feb1921 | 05 Feb1981 | 01 Feb2041 |
| 59 | 壬 Yang Water | 戌Dog | 30 Jan1862 | 28 Jan1922 | 25 Jan1982 | 22 Jan2042 |
| 60 | 癸 Yin Water | 亥Pig | 18 Feb1863 | 16 Feb1923 | 13 Feb1983 | 10 Feb2043 |
The branches are used marginally to indicate months. Despite there being twelve branches and twelve months in a year, the earliest use of branches to indicate a twelve-fold division of a year was in the 2nd century BC. They were coordinated with the orientations of theBig Dipper, (建子月:jiànzǐyuè,建丑月:jiànchǒuyuè, etc.).[17][18] There are two systems of placing these months, the lunar one and the solar one.
One system follows the ordinaryChinese lunar calendar and connects the names of the months directly to the centralsolar term (中氣;zhōngqì). Thejiànzǐyuè ((建)子月) is the month containing the winter solstice (i.e. the冬至Dōngzhì)zhōngqì. Thejiànchǒuyuè ((建)丑月) is the month of the followingzhōngqì, which isDàhán (大寒), while thejiànyínyuè ((建)寅月) is that of theYǔshuǐ (雨水)zhōngqì, etc. Intercalary months have the same branch as the preceding month.[19]In the other system (節月;jiéyuè) the "month" lasts for the period of two solar terms (two氣策qìcì). Thezǐyuè (子月) is the period starting withDàxuě (大雪), i.e. the solar termbefore the winter solstice. Thechǒuyuè (丑月) starts withXiǎohán (小寒), the term before Dàhán (大寒), while theyínyuè (寅月) starts withLìchūn (立春), the term before Yǔshuǐ (雨水), etc. Thus in the solar system a month starts anywhere from about 15 days before to 15 days after its lunar counterpart.
The branch names are not usual month names; the main use of the branches for months is astrological. However, the names are sometimes used to indicate historically which (lunar) month was the first month of the year in ancient times. For example, since theHan dynasty, the first month has beenjiànyínyuè, but earlier the first month wasjiànzǐyuè (during theZhou dynasty) orjiànchǒuyuè (traditionally during theShang dynasty) as well.[20]
For astrological purposes stems are also necessary, and the months are named using the sexagenary cycle following a five-year cycle starting in ajiǎ (甲; 1st) orjǐ (己; 6th) year. The first month of thejiǎ orjǐ year is abǐngyín (丙寅; 3rd) month, the next one is adīngmǎo (丁卯; 4th) month, etc., and the last month of the year is adīngchǒu (丁丑, 14th) month. The next year will start with awùyín (戊寅; 15th) month, etc. following the cycle. The 5th year will end with ayǐchǒu (乙丑; 2nd) month. The following month, the start of ajǐ orjiǎ year, will hence again be abǐngyín (3rd) month again. The beginning and end of the (solar) months in the table below are the approximate dates of current solar terms; they vary slightly from year to year depending on the leap days of the Gregorian calendar.
| Earthly Branches of the certain months | Solar term | Zhongqi (the Middle solar term) | Starts at | Ends at | Names in year of Jia or Ji(甲/己年) | Names in year of Yi or Geng (乙/庚年) | Names in year of Bing or Xin (丙/辛年) | Names in year of Ding or Ren (丁/壬年) | Names in year of Wu or Gui (戊/癸年) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month of Yin (寅月) | Lichun –Jingzhe | Yushui / 雨水 | February 4 | March 6 | Bingyin /丙寅月 | Wuyin /戊寅月 | Gengyin /庚寅月 | Renyin /壬寅月 | Jiayin /甲寅月 |
Month of Mao (卯月) | Jingzhe –Qingming | Chunfen / 春分 | March 6 | April 5 | Dingmao /丁卯月 | Jimao /己卯月 | Xinmao /辛卯月 | Guimao /癸卯月 | Yimao /乙卯月 |
| Month of Chen (辰月) | Qingming –Lixia | Guyu / 谷雨 | April 5 | May 6 | Wuchen /戊辰月 | Gengchen /庚辰月 | Renchen /壬辰月 | Jiachen /甲辰月 | Bingchen /丙辰月 |
| Month of Si (巳月) | Lixia –Mangzhong | Xiaoman / 小满 | May 6 | June 6 | Jisi /己巳月 | Xinsi /辛巳月 | Guisi /癸巳月 | Yisi /乙巳月 | Dingsi /丁巳月 |
| Month of Wu (午月) | Mangzhong –Xiaoshu | Xiazhi / 夏至 | June 6 | July 7 | Gengwu /庚午月 | Renwu /壬午月 | Jiawu /甲午月 | Bingwu /丙午月 | Wuwu /戊午月 |
| Month of Wei (未月) | Xiaoshu –Liqiu | Dashu / 大暑 | July 7 | August 8 | Xinwei /辛未月 | Guiwei /癸未月 | Yiwei /乙未月 | Dingwei /丁未月 | Jiwei /己未月 |
| Month of Shen (申月) | Liqiu –Bailu | Chushu / 处暑 | August 8 | September 8 | Renshen /壬申月 | Jiashen /甲申月 | Bingshen /丙申月 | Wushen /戊申月 | Gengshen /庚申月 |
| Month of You (酉月) | Bailu –Hanlu | Qiufen / 秋分 | September 8 | October 8 | Guiyou /癸酉月 | Yiyou /乙酉月 | Dingyou /丁酉月 | Jiyou /己酉月 | Xinyou /辛酉月 |
| Month of Xu (戌月) | Hanlu –Lidong | Shuangjiang / 霜降 | October 8 | November 7 | Jiaxu /甲戌月 | Bingxu /丙戌月 | Wuxu /戊戌月 | Gengxu /庚戌月 | Renxu /壬戌月 |
| Month of Hai (亥月) | Lidong –Daxue | Xiaoxue / 小雪 | November 7 | December 7 | Yihai /乙亥月 | Dinghai /丁亥月 | Jihai /己亥月 | Xinhai /辛亥月 | Guihai /癸亥月 |
| Month of Zi (子月) | Daxue –Xiaohan | Dongzhi / 冬至 | December 7 | January 6 | Bingzi /丙子月 | Wuzi /戊子月 | Gengzi /庚子月 | Renzi /壬子月 | Jiazi /甲子月 |
| Month of Chou (丑月) | Xiaohan –Lichun | Dahan / 大寒 | January 6 | February 4 | Dingchou /丁丑月 | Jichou /己丑月 | Xinchou /辛丑月 | Guichou /癸丑月 | Yichou /乙丑月 |
| Day (stem) | Month (stem) | 2-digit year mod 40 (stem) | Century (stem) | N | Century (branch) | 2-digit year mod 16 (branch) | Month (branch) | Day (branch) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Julian mod 2 | Gregorian | Julian mod 4 | Gregorian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 00 | 10 | 20 | 30 | Aug | 00 | 02 | 21 | 23 | 00 | 16 | 00 | 00 | 00 | 07 | Nov | 00 | 12 | 24 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 01 | 11 | 21 | 31 | Sep | Oct | 04 | 06 | 25 | 27 | 21 | 01 | 14 | 01 | 13 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 02 | 12 | 22 | Nov | Dec | 08 | 10 | 29 | 31 | 19 | 02 | 16 | 19 | 05 | Feb | Apr | 02 | 14 | 26 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 03 | 13 | 23 | 12 | 14 | 33 | 35 | 03 | 03 | 22 | 03 | 12 | Feb | Jun | 03 | 15 | 27 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 04 | 14 | 24 | 16 | 18 | 37 | 39 | 17 | 24 | 04 | 10 | Aug | 04 | 16 | 28 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 05 | 15 | 25 | 01 | 03 | 20 | 22 | 01 | 22 | 15 | 05 | 15 | 01 | Oct | 05 | 17 | 29 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 06 | 16 | 26 | 05 | 07 | 24 | 26 | 06 | 02 | 18 | 08 | 15 | Dec | 06 | 18 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 07 | 17 | 27 | Mar | Jan | 09 | 11 | 28 | 30 | 20 | 07 | 21 | 06 | Jan | Mar | 07 | 19 | 31 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 08 | 18 | 28 | Jan | Apr | May | Feb | 13 | 15 | 32 | 34 | 18 | 08 | 24 | 13 | Jan | May | 08 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 09 | 19 | 29 | Feb | Jun | Jul | 17 | 19 | 36 | 38 | 23 | 09 | 01 | 04 | 11 | Jul | 09 | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Dates with yellow background indicate they are for this year. | 10 | 17 | 02 | 10 | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | 20 | 23 | 09 | Sep | 11 | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The table above allows one to find the stem & branch for any given date. For both the stem and the branch, find the N for the row for the century, year, month, and day, then add them together. If the sum for the stems' N is above 10, subtract 10 until the result is between 1 and 10. If the sum for the branches' N is above 12, subtract 12 until the result is between 1 and 12.
For any date before October 15, 1582, use theJulian century column to find the row for that century's N. For dates after October 15, 1582, use theGregorian century column to find the century's N. When looking at dates in January and February of leap years, use the bold & italicFeb andJan.
More detailed examples | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Algorithm for mental calculation
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gregorian | 17 24 | 15 22 | 20 | 18 | 23 | 16 | 21 | 19 | Centuries | ||||||||||||||||
| Julian | 01 | 00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dates | Mar Jan | Nov Dec | Sep Oct | Aug | Feb Jun Jul | Jan Apr May Feb | Years of the century | ||||||||||||||||||
| 01 11 21 31 | 02 12 22 | 03 13 23 | 04 14 24 | 05 15 25 | 06 16 26 | 07 17 27 | 08 18 28 | 09 19 29 | 10 20 30 | ||||||||||||||||
| 天干 | 甲 | 乙 | 丙 | 丁 | 戊 | 己 | 庚 | 辛 | 壬 | 癸 | |||||||||||||||
| Heavenly stems | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | 00 | 02 | 21 | 23 | 40 | 42 | 61 | 63 | 80 | 82 | |||||
| B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | A | 04 | 06 | 25 | 27 | 44 | 46 | 65 | 67 | 84 | 86 | ||||||
| C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | A | B | 08 | 10 | 29 | 31 | 48 | 50 | 69 | 71 | 88 | 90 | ||||||
| D | E | F | G | H | I | J | A | B | C | 12 | 14 | 33 | 35 | 52 | 54 | 73 | 75 | 92 | 94 | ||||||
| E | F | G | H | I | J | A | B | C | D | 16 | 18 | 37 | 39 | 56 | 58 | 77 | 79 | 96 | 98 | ||||||
| F | G | H | I | J | A | B | C | D | E | 01 | 03 | 20 | 22 | 41 | 43 | 60 | 62 | 81 | 83 | ||||||
| G | H | I | J | A | B | C | D | E | F | 05 | 07 | 24 | 26 | 45 | 47 | 64 | 66 | 85 | 87 | ||||||
| H | I | J | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | 09 | 11 | 28 | 30 | 49 | 51 | 68 | 70 | 89 | 91 | ||||||
| I | J | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | 13 | 15 | 32 | 34 | 53 | 55 | 72 | 74 | 93 | 95 | ||||||
| J | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | 17 | 19 | 36 | 38 | 57 | 59 | 76 | 78 | 97 | 99 | ||||||
| 地支 | 子 | 丑 | 寅 | 卯 | 辰 | 巳 | 午 | 未 | 申 | 酉 | 戌 | 亥 | 干支纪日速查表 | ||||||||||||
| Earthly branches | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | 00 | 07 | 16 | 23 | 32 | 39 | 48 | 55 | 64 | 71 | 80 | 87 | 96 |
| B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | A | 14 | 30 | 46 | 62 | 78 | 94 | ||||||||
| C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | A | B | 05 | 21 | 37 | 53 | 69 | 85 | ||||||||
| D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | A | B | C | 03 | 12 | 19 | 28 | 35 | 44 | 51 | 60 | 67 | 76 | 83 | 92 | 99 | |
| E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | A | B | C | D | 10 | 26 | 42 | 58 | 74 | 90 | ||||||||
| F | G | H | I | J | K | L | A | B | C | D | E | 01 | 17 | 33 | 49 | 65 | 81 | 97 | |||||||
| G | H | I | J | K | L | A | B | C | D | E | F | 08 | 15 | 24 | 31 | 40 | 47 | 56 | 63 | 72 | 79 | 88 | 95 | ||
| H | I | J | K | L | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | 06 | 22 | 38 | 54 | 70 | 86 | ||||||||
| I | J | K | L | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | 13 | 29 | 45 | 61 | 77 | 93 | ||||||||
| J | K | L | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | 04 | 11 | 20 | 27 | 36 | 43 | 52 | 59 | 68 | 75 | 84 | 91 | ||
| K | L | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | 02 | 18 | 34 | 50 | 66 | 82 | 98 | |||||||
| L | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | 09 | 25 | 41 | 57 | 73 | 89 | ||||||||
| Dates | 01 13 25 | 02 14 26 | 03 15 27 | 04 16 28 | 05 17 29 | 06 18 30 | 07 19 31 | 08 20 | 09 21 | 10 22 | 11 23 | 12 24 | Years of the century | ||||||||||||
| Mar Jan | Dec | Oct | Aug | Feb Jun | Apr Feb | Nov | Sep | Jul | Jan May | ||||||||||||||||
| Gregorian | 15 18 | 21 | 24 | 17 | 20 23 | 16 19 | 22 | Centuries | |||||||||||||||||
| Julian | 02 | 01 | 00 | 03 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Stem of the day | Zǐ hour 子时 23:00–1:00 | Chǒu hour 丑时 1:00–3:00 | Yín hour 寅时 3:00–5:00 | Mǎo hour 卯时 5:00–7:00 | Chén hour 辰时 7:00–9:00 | Sì hour 巳时 9:00–11:00 | Wǔ hour 午时 11:00–13:00 | Wèi hour 未时 13:00–15:00 | Shēn hour 申时 15:00–17:00 | Yǒu hour 酉时 17:00–19:00 | Xū hour 戌时 19:00–21:00 | Hài hour 亥时 21:00–23:00 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jia or Ji day (甲/己) | 1甲子 | 2乙丑 | 3丙寅 | 4丁卯 | 5戊辰 | 6己巳 | 7庚午 | 8辛未 | 9壬申 | 10癸酉 | 11甲戌 | 12乙亥 |
| Yi or Geng day (乙/庚) | 13丙子 | 14丁丑 | 15戊寅 | 16己卯 | 17庚辰 | 18辛巳 | 19壬午 | 20癸未 | 21甲申 | 22乙酉 | 23丙戌 | 24丁亥 |
| Bing or Xin day (丙/辛) | 25戊子 | 26己丑 | 27庚寅 | 28辛卯 | 29壬辰 | 30癸巳 | 31甲午 | 32乙未 | 33丙申 | 34丁酉 | 35戊戌 | 36己亥 |
| Ding or Ren day (丁/壬) | 37庚子 | 38辛丑 | 39壬寅 | 40癸卯 | 41甲辰 | 42乙巳 | 43丙午 | 44丁未 | 45戊申 | 46己酉 | 47庚戌 | 48辛亥 |
| Wu or Gui day (戊/癸) | 49壬子 | 50癸丑 | 51甲寅 | 52乙卯 | 53丙辰 | 54丁巳 | 55戊午 | 56己未 | 57庚申 | 58辛酉 | 59壬戌 | 60癸亥 |
二年……，九月壬寅，大赦，去「乾元大圣光天文武孝感」号，去「上元」号，称元年，以十一月为岁首，月以斗所建辰为名。赐文武官阶、勋、爵，版授侍老官，先授者叙进之。停四京号。
元年建子月癸巳，曹州刺史常休明及史朝义将薛崿战，败之。己亥，朝圣皇天帝于西内。丙午，卫伯玉及史朝义战于永宁，败之。己酉，朝献于太清宫。庚戌，朝享于太庙及元献皇后庙。建丑月辛亥，有事于南郊。己未，来瑱及史朝义战于汝州，败之。乙亥，侯希逸及朝义将李怀仙战于范阳，败之。宝应元年建寅月甲申，追册靖德太子琮为皇帝，妃窦氏为皇后。乙酉，葬王公妃主遇害者。丙戌，盗发敬陵、惠陵。甲辰，李光弼克许州。吐蕃请和。戊申，史朝义陷营州。建卯月辛亥，大赦。赐文武官阶、爵。五品以上清望及郎官、御史荐流人有行业情可矜者。停贡鹰、鹞、狗、豹。以京兆府为上都，河南府为东都，凤翔府为西都，江陵府为南都，太原府为北都。壬子，羌、浑、奴剌寇梁州。癸丑，河东军乱，杀其节度使邓景山，都知兵马使辛云京自称节度使。乙丑，河中军乱，杀李国贞及其节度使荔非元礼。戊辰，淮西节度使王仲升及史朝义将谢钦让战于申州，败绩。庚午，敦子仪知朔方、河中、北庭、潞仪泽沁节度行营，兴平、定国军兵马副元帅。壬申，鄜州刺史成公意及党项战，败之。建辰月壬午，大赦，官吏听纳赃免罪，左降官及流人罚镇效力者还之。甲午，奴剌寇梁州。戊申，萧华罢。户部侍郎元载同中书门下平章事。建巳月庚戌，史朝义寇泽州，刺史李抱玉败之。壬子，楚州献定国宝玉十有三。甲寅，圣皇天帝崩。乙丑，皇太子监国。大赦，改元年为宝应元年，复以正月为岁首，建巳月为四月。丙寅，闲厩使李辅国、飞龙厩副使程元振迁皇后于别殿，杀越王系、兗王亻闲。是夜，皇帝崩于长生殿，年五十二。查《壽星萬年曆》，
唐肅宗之元年
冬至所在月（761.12）：初一壬午大雪，十三癸巳，十七冬至，十九己亥，廿五丙午，廿八己酉，廿九庚戌
大寒所在月（762.02）：初一辛亥，初三小寒，初九己未，十八大寒，廿五乙亥
雨水所在月（762.03）：初一辛巳，初三立春，初四甲申，初五乙酉，初六丙戌，十八雨水，廿四甲辰，廿八戊申
春分所在月（762.3）：初一辛亥，初四驚蜇，初二壬子，初三癸丑，十五乙丑，十八戊辰，十九春分，二十庚午，廿一壬申，
穀雨所在月（762.4）：初一庚辰，初三壬午，初五清明，十五甲午，二十穀雨，廿九戊申
小滿所在月（762.5）：初一庚戌，初三壬子，初五甲寅立夏，初五乙丑，十六丙寅。
大寒所在月初一辛亥，已稱建丑月，初三才小寒
春分所在月初一辛亥，已稱建卯月，初四才驚蜇
穀雨所在月初三壬午，已稱建辰月，初五才清明
小滿所在月初一庚戌、初三壬子，已稱建巳月，初五才立夏
由此可見，唐代地支紀月自朔日始，非自節氣始。
Authority control databases: National |
|---|
