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| 1992Seville | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| Overview | |
| BIE-class | Universal exposition |
| Name | Exposición Universal de Sevilla 1992 |
| Motto | The Age of Discoveries |
| Area | 215 hectares (530 acres) |
| Visitors | 41,814,571 |
| Organized by | Manuel Olivencia |
| Mascot | Curro |
| Participant(s) | |
| Countries | 112 |
| Location | |
| Country | Spain |
| City | Seville |
| Venue | Isla de La Cartuja |
| Coordinates | 37°24′30″N6°0′1″W / 37.40833°N 6.00028°W /37.40833; -6.00028 |
| Timeline | |
| Bidding | 3 March 1982 (1982-03-03) |
| Awarded | 8 December 1982 (1982-12-08) |
| Opening | 20 April 1992 (1992-04-20) |
| Closure | 12 October 1992 (1992-10-12) |
| Universal expositions | |
| Previous | Expo '70 inOsaka |
| Next | Expo '98 inLisbon |
| Specialized expositions | |
| Previous | Expo 91 inPlovdiv |
| Next | Taejon Expo '93 inTaejon |
| Horticultural expositions | |
| Previous | Expo '90 inOsaka |
| Next | 1993 World Horticultural Exposition inStuttgart |
| Simultaneous | |
| Specialized | Genoa Expo '92 |
| Horticultural (AIPH) | Floriade 1992 |
| Internet | |
| Website | Seville Expo '92 |
TheUniversal Exhibition of Seville 1992 – Expo '92 (officially:Exposición Universal de Sevilla 1992) was auniversal exhibition held from Monday 20 April to Monday 12 October 1992, at theIsla de La Cartuja, inSeville, Spain. The theme for the expo was "The Age of Discoveries", celebrating the500th anniversary ofChristopher Columbus reaching the Americas, and over 100 countries were represented. The site of the exposition covered 215 hectares (530 acres) and the total number of visitors was 41,814,571.[1] The exposition ran at the same time as the smaller and shorter-durationGenoa Expo '92, a Specialized Exhibition, held in memory of Christopher Columbus inGenoa.
After the exhibition, the site was divided between theCartuja Science and Technology Park, which uses many of the pavilions and structures built for the fair, and the grounds where the theme parkIsla Mágica and the water parkAgua Mágica were later built. Administrative services and city facilities have also moved to some of the buildings and plots left by the fair.
Expo '92 was organised to celebrate the 500th anniversary (1492–1992) ofChristopher Columbus reaching the Americas. The exhibition was to be jointly held with the City ofChicago, however, due to national, state, and local funding difficulties, theChicago 1992 World's Fair was ultimately cancelled.
The Commissioner-General of Expo '92 wasManuel Olivencia.[2]
Important public infrastructures were built for the exhibition. TheMadrid–Seville high-speed rail line was built as the firsthigh-speed rail line in Spain, with commercialAVE service byRenfe beginning on 21 April 1992 betweenMadrid Atocha and the newSeville–Santa Justa stations, with stops inCiudad Real, Puertollano,Córdoba, and the exhibition site itself.Seville Airport was renovated and expanded and the newPlaza de Armas intercity bus station was inaugurated on 31 March 1992. The SE-30 highway was built as a ring road around Seville, including theCentenario Bridge, and was inaugurated on 15 November 1991. Five more new bridges were built over theGuadalquivir river:Alamillo,Barqueta, Cartuja, Cristo de la Expiración, and Delicias. A whole neighbourhood was developed inMairena del Aljarafe to house the participants of the fair.
Expo '92 was known for its massive site covering 215 hectares (530 acres) of theIsla de La Cartuja, a place of reference for Columbus for his voyage to theNew World, and required at least several days to visit most of the pavilions. It was also known for its numerous spectacular gates and bridges, and the diversity of transport within the expo site from bus to ferry boat, tocable car andmonorail. To serve the exhibition, the largest-ever parking lot was built next to it, with capacity for 36,000 cars, 1,410coaches and 2,578 service vehicles, which was used by four million vehicles during the fair.[3]
The expo also gave an impressive architectural tour of the world, with many countries vying for the position of the most inventive or creative pavilion structure. Outstanding amongst these was the Pavilion of Japan –the world's largest wooden structure–, the Pavilion of Morocco –a re-creation of a Moroccan Palace-Mansion–, and the modernistic cube and sphere of the flagship Pavilion of Spain, to name a few. The most popular pavilions with visitors were those of Spain and Canada.[citation needed]
During the exhibition, the expo site opened its doors at 9:00 am and closed at 4:00 am the following day, with the pavilions open from 10:00 am to 10:00 pm. Each day was dedicated to a different participating country or organization and events related to it were held. There were shows and street entertainment throughout the day. A large parade, entitledThe Magic of Time and created by the theatre companyComediants, toured the site at dusk.[4] At 10:30 pm, there was a grand show of light, sound, projections on water screens, and fireworks on the Lake of Spain. After 10:30 pm, except in the international zone which was fenced off, nightclubs opened, restaurants and bars remained open, and there were evening shows, concerts, and film screenings. Visitors could purchase tickets to visit the expo during the whole day, or just for the evening.[a]
TheHD-MAC standard, an earlyanalog high-definition television system, was demonstrated at the expo.[5]
Pavilions at the expo consisted of the Royal Pavilion and the five thematic pavilions –the Fifteenth Century, Discoveries, Nature, Navigation, andPlaza del Futuro; the flagship pavilions of Spain andAndalusia at the Lake of Spain; the Spanish Autonomous Regions pavilions all along the Lake of Spain; over a hundred international pavilions; and several corporate pavilions, making it one of the largest ever hosted up to that time.
To offset costs by developing nations, and to allow a first-ever representation by every Latin American nation in an universal exhibition, a permanent monumental structure, thePlaza de América was constructed, a large enclosed plaza-type building in a rustic red colour which also hosted a special Exhibition on the Gold of South America. APlaza de África was also built to allow maximum participation from developing African countries. For the same reason, several ephemeral pavilions were built to group together the Arab, Baltic, Caribbean, and the South Pacific countries in each one.
| Pavilion | Type | Architect(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Royal | Permanent | TheMonastery of Santa Maria de las Cuevas was restored for the exhibition under direction ofBartolomé Ruiz González. It housed the Royal Pavilion that was used for official receptions and events. Since 1997, the monastery houses the Andalusian Contemporary Art Center (CAAC). | |
| 15th Century | Permanent | Francisco Torres | The pavilion was built within the monastery grounds. Its contents showed visitors the way of life in 15th century Europe. The building is today part of the CAAC. |
| Discoveries | PermanentX | Javier Feduchi | The pavilion that was to be the flagship of the Exposition burned down on 18 February, two months before the opening, destroying many valuable exhibits that were being set up for display. Only the adjoining Omnimax cinema was saved, which was able to operate during the fair. It showed the filmEureka, the passion for discovery, made for the occasion byGreg MacGillivray and Jon Boorstin, that was based onThe Discoverers byDaniel J. Boorstin. It was the firstIMAX film to use a light-weight hand held camera (with asteadicam), and it won the principal creative award at the fair. |
| Nature | Permanent | Luis Fernando Gómez Stern | The pavilion consisted of a main exhibition building and a greenhouse. Adjacent to the pavilion is the American Garden. |
| Navigation | Permanent | Guillermo Vázquez Consuegra | The pavilion is built of steel, glass, and wood imitating the inverted keel of a boat. Among its contents during the fair were the rooms that recreated the interior of a ship at the time of Columbus. Next to the pavilion, docked in the river were the replicas of NaoVictoria,La Pinta,La Niña, andLa Santa María.[b] The building houses today a naval museum. |
| Plaza del Futuro | Permanent | Josep Maria Martorell,Oriol Bohigas,David Mackay,Peter Rice | ThePlaza del Futuro was constructed in part withpost-tensioned stone arches. It contained four pavilions: Environment, Energy, Telecommunications, and Universe. |
| Country | Type | Architect(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual pavilions | |||
| Algeria | EphemeralX | Agustín Prudencio Díaz | The pavilion was inspired by the country's Islamic buildings, with its interior resembling the Algerian desert with a nomadic tent, a village of artisans, ornamental fountains, and native plants. |
| Australia | EphemeralX | Philip Page, David Rendon, Martínez Zúñiga y Donaire | Featured a curved walkway entrance with a several-story rainforest atrium, with tropical palm trees, birds and butterflies from the State ofQueensland; a large aquarium tank representing the ecosystem of theGreat Barrier Reef, resplendent with live tropical fish and coral; an Australian Gold Exhibition, featuring precious Australian works of jewellery, most notably including theArgyle Library Egg; and the Australian Cinema presentation, the Australian Hexaplex, a moving five-screen 360-degree slide and video presentation, set to music, featuring footage from the width and breadth of the Australian nation. A Gift Shop also featured, presented by theAustralian Broadcasting Corporation's Gift Shop stores arm. |
| Austria | PermanentX | Volker Giencke | This steel and glass pavilion had a transparent gabled roof with a protection system that let in light but reflected solar energy to mitigate the high temperatures in Seville. Added to this was a water screen that ran across the roof to keep the pavilion cool. |
| Belgium | EphemeralX | Thomaes, Driesen, and Meersman | The pavilion was dedicated to the dialogue between humanity and science. It also housed an exhibition of paintings by renowned artists. |
| Canada | Permanent | Bing Thom | The highlight of the pavilion of Canada was theNational Film Board of Canada filmMomentum, the world's only motion picture presented in 48frames per secondIMAX HD. The pavilion also had an artificial pond surrounding a stage with performances that entertained visitors queuing for the pavilion. In addition to a gift shop and exhibit area, the pavilion also housed theAurora Borealis restaurant that servedArctic fare fromnorthern Canada. The building houses today theEOI Business School. |
| Chile | Ephemeral | Germán del Sol, José Cruz | The building was built entirely of laminated wood with undulating contours, and the red roof was reinforced with copper plates, the main mineral produced in Chile. It housed a 60 tonnes (59 long tons; 66 short tons) Antarctic iceberg brought fromParadise Harbour. Although it was originally designed as a temporary building, it still stands today. |
| China | EphemeralX | Wang Song Jiang | China was represented with a largeChinese Gate at its entrance, and a large magnificent tapestry of theGreat Wall of China on the inside entrance. To one side the sights of China were represented in a 360-degree cinema presentation. |
| Cuba | Ephemeral | José Ramón Moreno, Orestes del Castillo | The achievements of contemporary Cuba in science, biotechnology and tourism were exhibited in the pavilion, as well as its history. The building houses today an engineering company. |
| Cyprus | EphemeralX | Cristos Theodorou | Among the artifacts on display wasKyrenia II, a full-size sailing reconstruction ofKyrenia, a 4th-century BC merchant ship that sankc. 294 BC nearKyrenia and was re-discovered in November 1965. |
| Czechoslovakia | EphemeralX | Martín Nemec, Jan Stempel | The pavilion was designed as a large black box with a steel structure with glass and ceramic surfaces. |
| Denmark | Ephemeral ↑ | Jon Sondergeerd | The pavilion stood out for its sail-like shape and its interior natural cooling system. The building was dismantled after the exhibition and rebuilt inKyōtamba (Japan) where it is part of a Danish cultural museum. |
| France | Permanent | Jean-Paul Viguier, Jean-François Jodry, Francois Seigneur | The building stands out for three of its parts: the canopy, the mirror wall, and the open plaza. The interior tour led visitors to discover the French history and culture like in an "imaginary library". The building houses today a business center. |
| Finland | Permanent | Jaaskelainen, Sanaksenaho, Rouhiainen, Kaakko, Tirkkonen | The pavilion consists of two separate buildings, separated by a narrow corridor. One is a slender construction of steel and glass and the other is built in Finnish pine wood. They house today a foundation of the College of Architects of Seville. |
| Germany | EphemeralX | Lippsimeier | The pavilion stood out for the elliptical canopy that was suspended in the air above the building. On behalf of the German Federal PresidentRichard von Weizsäcker the show theater "Traumfabrik" created and organised the "German Day" and represented Germany culturally. |
| Greece | EphemeralX | Mariano Villalonga, Luis Leirado Campo | The pavilion showed the country's relationship with the sea since ancient times. |
| Holy See | EphemeralX | Miguel de Oriol e Ybarra | The pavilion was covered with a set of vaults reminiscent of traditional churches. |
| India | EphemeralX | García-Rosales y Pellicer | The architecture of the pavilion of India represented anIndian peacock, with a blue mast for the neck and head, and angled tiles representing the many-coloured tail plume. |
| Indonesia | EphemeralX | Fernando Mendoza Castells | The pavilion was crowned with a reproduction of a typical Indonesian hut. |
| Ireland | EphemeralX | James O' Connor | The pavilion displayed Ireland's main contributions to human progress. There was also a typical Irish pub where the best-known beers and spirits from the country were promoted. |
| Italy | Permanent | Gae Aulenti,Pierluigi Spadolini | The Pavilion of Italy was one of the largest pavilions and featured a broad exposition on Italian Art, Invention, and Discovery. The building is today an administrative centre for numerous corporations and businesses. |
| Israel | EphemeralX | Uri Shaviv | The pavilion of Israel represented of the exodus of theJewish people for two thousand years and its coming together as a result of the creation of theState of Israel. |
| Hungary | Ephemeral | Imre Makovecz | The pavilion was built of wood and covered with slate, making its exterior appearance resemble a Hungarian rural church, with seven towers. Although it was originally designed as a temporary building, it still stands today. In 2007, it was declared aBien de Interés Cultural for its architectural significance. |
| Japan | EphemeralX | Tadao Ando | Japan featured the world's largest wooden structure, with a largeescalator that took visitors up into the heart of the structure, from where they could descend into the lower levels of the inside the multi-level pavilion. Outside the pavilion, one could see a snapshot of Japanese society in the queue, featuring life-size photo portraits of Japanese persons in their respective professions. Also featured a three-segmented movinganime movie on Japan at the time of Columbus as seen byDon Quixote, and a scale representation of the top floors of aJapanese castle. |
| Kuwait | Ephemeral | Santiago Calatrava | Its most unique and characteristic element is a roof with 17 mobile wooden arms, which when open reach 25 metres (82 ft) height. Although it was originally designed as a temporary building, it houses today the Environment and Water Agency of the regional government. |
| Luxembourg | EphemeralX | Paczowski-Fritch and Associates | Various projections showed everyday life in Luxembourg as well as the country's close relationship with rural landscapes and the steel industry. Visitors also had access to a financial simulation video game, which tested their financial skills. |
| Malaysia | EphemeralX | Kumpulan Jetson | The pavilion showcased Malaysia's main resources: the timber and rubber industries, tourism and its national car:Proton Saga. |
| Mauritania | EphemeralX | Eulalia A. Marqués Garrido | Inside the pavilion, all aspects of the daily life of the nomadic tribes were shown through typical objects. |
| Mexico | Permanent | Pedro Ramírez Vázquez | The pavilion ends on one side with a 18 metres (59 ft) high double cross that, in addition to recalling the X of Mexico, symbolizes the crossing and integration of cultures. After the exhibition it has housed different companies. |
| Monaco | Permanent | Fabrice Notari | The pavilion contained an aquarium displaying the flora and fauna of the Monegasque coastline. The building houses today an aquatic ecology research center. |
| Morocco | Permanent | Michel Pinseau | Considered one of the most beautiful pavilions at the expo, this pavilion was styled as a three-storied traditional Moroccan Palace-Mansion, with jewel-like fountain in the centre, and open to the sky atrium and restaurant. The building houses today theFundación Tres Culturas. |
| Netherlands | Ephemeral ↑ | Fred Temme,Moshé Zwarts,Rein Jansma | The façades of the pavilion were made of a synthetic material through which water flowed continuously, making it completely transparent. The building was dismantled after the exhibition and rebuilt inAlphen Aan Den Rijn where it was in use for a few years after which it was finally demolished due to high maintenance costs. |
| New Zealand | Ephemeral | Peter Hill | The pavilion of New Zealand featured the exhibitionTreasures of the Underworld, performances byMāorikapa haka groups, and a performance by the opera singerKiri Te Kanawa on New Zealand Day. Although it was originally designed as a temporary building, it houses today theInstituto de Estadística y Cartografía de Andalucía. |
| Norway | EphemeralX | Paul Henry Engh | An ice portico welcomed visitors thanks to advanced freezing technology. |
| Oman | EphemeralX | Azri Architects | The entrance to the pavilion was a replica of the gates of the walled city ofMuscat. |
| Pakistan | EphemeralX | Architectural Clinic | The pavilion was conceived as a large bazaar. |
| Papua New Guinea | EphemeralX | David Richardson | The pavilion resembled aHaus Tambaran. It contained a cave and a waterfall reproducing the natural environment of the county. |
| Philippines | EphemeralX | Francisco Mañosa | The pavilion looked like a typical Philippine country manor house, where the main element was a tower made up of stained coloured shells. |
| Portugal | Permanent | Manuel Graca Dias, Egas José Vieira | The pavilion had a high historical content on the era of navigators and the voyages to the New World. The building houses today the Energy Agency of the regional government. |
| Puerto Rico | Permanent | Segundo Cardona, Luis Sierra, Alberto Ferrer | Puerto Rico (aU.S. territory) participated in Expo '92 with a separate pavilion from that of the United States. The US$31 million pavilion (equivalent to $69 million in 2024)[6], which was much larger and more ornate than the U.S. pavilion, was seen as one of several large projects undertaken bypro-Commonwealth governorRafael Hernández Colón to underscore Puerto Rico's cultural and historical links toLatin America, Spain, and Europe.[7]The Wall Street Journal Europe described the Puerto Rican National Pavilion as: "a stunning mix of three geometric 'volumes': a triangle of stone with large perforations based on sentry posts in military fortifications on the island, a modernistic white porcelain pergola, and a sleek copper-clad cylinder. Around the pavilion are transplantedpalms that grown only on Puerto Rico,Roystonea borinquena. Caribbeancoral will decorate the bottom of the reflecting pool around the buildings."[8] After the expo, Puerto Rico sold the pavilion for US$4 million ($9 million in 2024)[6] toCorreos, the Spanish postal service, for use as a training facility.[7] The building houses today an agency of the regional government. |
| Romania | EphemeralX | Alberto Carabie | The pavilion exhibited sculptures from the Neolithic period, reproductions of works from the 16th century, as well as models of national monuments. |
| Russia | EphemeralX | Juris Poga, Aigars Sparans | The first representation by Russia in an universal exhibition after theDissolution of the Soviet Union featured an angled pavilion with many coloured moving squares on its roof, which changed to represent different messages, i.e. theRussian Flag, the words 'Russia' and so on. Inside one could see aspects of theRussian space program and a full-scale replica ofSputnik 1 suspended from the pavilion ceiling. |
| Saudi Arabia | EphemeralX | Fitch Benoy | The exhibition area was covered with a large canvas made up of more than 300 hand-woven Bedouin rugs. |
| Singapore | EphemeralX | Conrad Design Pacific Ltd. | The pavilion looked like a typical Singaporean house and was crowned with a canopy in the shape of a palm tree.Merlion welcomed visitors. |
| South Africa | EphemeralX | Reiner Kohl | The pavilion displayed archaeological artifacts; pieces of gold, diamonds and other precious stones; and contemporary works of art and ceramic objects. |
| South Korea | Ephemeral | Hak-Sun Oh | In the pavilion, Korean folk dances were performed every day. The building houses today a technology company. |
| Spain | Permanent | Julio Cano Lasso | The flagship Pavilion of Spain was noted for its strikingly simplistic and modernistic cube and sphere, located dramatically on the edge of the artificial Lake of Spain and along the Road of the Discoveries and the end of the Avenue of Europe. The cube of the pavilion hosted a unique gathering of the best of Spanish art, including works byVelázquez,Goya,El Greco,Murillo,Sorolla,Miró,Picasso,Dalí, and others, and the dome of the pavilion hosted an Iwerks 15/70 Dome moving seat theatre presentation, which took one on a simulated tour of some of the best sights of Spain. The pavilion restaurant was also highly rated. The building houses today the offices ofIsla Mágica. |
| Sri Lanka | EphemeralX | José Antonio Obregón | A reproduction of theAvukana Buddha statue presided over the façade of the building, |
| Sweden | Ephemeral ↑ | Alenius, Silfverhielm, Ahlund | Among the many Swedish inventions on display at the pavilion were the refrigerator, invented byElectrolux in 1922; the three-point seat belt, developed byVolvo; as well as the Celsius thermometer and the dynamite, invented byAlfred Nobel, who later created the prizes that bear his name. The building was dismantled after the exhibition and rebuilt inGrythyttan where it housesthe gastronomy school of theÖrebro University. |
| Switzerland | EphemeralX | Vicent Mangeat | The pavilion had a 39 metres (128 ft) high white tower made of recyclable and biodegradable cardboard. |
| Thailand | EphemeralX | Prajade Thiravat | The pavilion was crowned with a reproduction of a part of theGrand Palace in Bangkok. |
| Tunisia | EphemeralX | Abdelhamid Ayadi | The pavilion displayed various mosaics, Tunisian archaeological pieces, ancient Islamic objects, as well as an exhibition of maritime maps and views of the country's ports. A large screen showed the main landscapes of the country and recreated the living room of a typical village house. |
| Turkey | Permanent | Oner Tokcan, Hulusi I Gonul, C. Ilder Tokcan | The highlight of the pavilion of Turkey was an interactive promotional software which was presenting Turkish tourism sector, cultural values and economical opportunities. The visitors interacted with this multimedia software via large touchscreen monitors and the application was awarded "the best use of multimedia" award of the expo. The building houses today the offices of an international foundation. |
| United Kingdom | Ephemeral ↑ | Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners | This pavilion, made up of a large iron and glass structure, stood out for the artificial waterfall that covered the main façade and in which the British flag could be seen through the water. The building was dismantled after the exhibition and stored awaiting destination. |
| United Arab Emirates | EphemeralX | Marqués, Garcés and Associates | The pavilion replicated theAl Jahili Fort inAl Ain. |
| United States | EphemeralX | Carlos Langdon Ruiz y Myers | The pavilion was funded byAmway,General Motors, and many other corporate sponsors, as part of aPublic-private partnership. It featured on the outside aSpace Age depiction of theU.S. flag, in three large suspended structures, which could be seen from many angles from afar, and a large modern mural by the German-American artistPeter Max, depicting the history of discovery from the voyage of Christopher Columbus and his encounter with the American continent, to theSpace Shuttle. The pavilion itself consisted of several structures: a large cinema presentationWorld Song produced byBob Rogers and the design team BRC Imagination Arts,[9] forGeneral Motors which explored the common stages of life among all nations and people.[10] During the run of the expo, the film also played to an international audience atAmeriFlora '92,[11] an international horticultural exhibition held inColumbus, Ohio. Other exhibits at the pavilion included theBill of Rights exhibition, and the Freedom House, a working modern American home that could be visited. |
| Venezuela | EphemeralX | Enrique Hernández | In its auditorium, a 15-minute long 70mm film entitledVenezuela, Tierra de Gracia was played, with a script byArturo Uslar Pietri and produced byVenevisión, which showed the country's cultural and scenic heritage. |
| Yugoslavia | EphemeralX | David Misa | Yugoslavia had it own pavilion at the Expo.United Nations Security Council Resolution 757 was adopted during the Expo, but the organisers decided not to close Yugoslavian pavilion, although all official events were canceled.[12][13] On 2 October, the pavilion was visited byQueen Sofia andPrincess Irene.[14] |
| Shared pavilions | |||
| Bulgaria | Ephemeral[c]X | Fernando Mendoza Castells | Among the artifacts on display were gold pieces from the two most important Bulgarian collections: theVarna andValchitran Treasures. |
| Poland | The pavilion featured the Polish computer encyclopaedia. | ||
| Plaza de América | |||
| Argentina | Ephemeral inPlaza de América[d]X | ||
| Bolivia | |||
| Brazil | |||
| Colombia | |||
| Costa Rica | The Pavilion of Costa Rica was designed by Carlos Valenzuela Fonseca. | ||
| Dominican Republic | |||
| Ecuador | |||
| El Salvador | |||
| Guatemala | |||
| Haiti | |||
| Honduras | |||
| Nicaragua | |||
| Panama | |||
| Paraguay | |||
| Peru | |||
| Uruguay | |||
| Plaza de África | |||
| Angola | Ephemeral inPlaza de África[e]X | ||
| Cabo Verde | |||
| Cameroon | |||
| Congo | |||
| Côte d'Ivoire | |||
| Equatorial Guinea | |||
| Gabon | |||
| Guinea-Bissau | |||
| Kenya | |||
| Mozambique | |||
| Nigeria | |||
| São Tomé and Príncipe | |||
| Senegal | |||
| Zimbabue | |||
| Pavilion of the Arab States | |||
| Egypt | Ephemeral in the Pavilion of the Arab States[f]X | ||
| Jordan | |||
| Syria | |||
| Pavilion of the Baltic Republics | |||
| Estonia | Ephemeral in the Pavilion of the Baltic Republics[g]X | ||
| Latvia | |||
| Lithuania | |||
| Pavilion of the Caribbean | |||
| Antigua and Barbuda | Ephemeral in the Pavilion of the Caribbean[h]X | ||
| Bahamas | |||
| Dominica | |||
| Grenada | |||
| Jamaica | The pavilion was sponsored by Jamaican Government and the private sector. The concept for the pavilion was a country bus tour taking you through the Jamaican countryside to a village square surrounded by shop frontages which contained the products of the sponsors. The theme was designed by architect Michael Lake and the artwork and construction was done by Will Robson, Margaret Robson and Umbala at the Magic Toys Workshop in Walderston, Jamaica.[15] | ||
| Montserrat | |||
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | |||
| Saint Lucia | |||
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | |||
| Trinidad and Tobago | |||
| Pavilion of the South Pacific Islands | |||
| Fiji | Ephemeral in the Pavilion of the South Pacific Islands[i]X | ||
| Kiribati | |||
| Vanuatu | |||
| Country | Type | Architect(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andalusia | Permanent | Juan Ruesga Navarro | The pavilion had a 360-degree cinema, a television studio, a radio studio, and an exhibition with Andalusian works of art. Particularly noteworthy were the ceiling frescoes painted by Guillermo Pérez Villalta. Next to the pavilion was the Andalusia for children outdoor park with 1:33 scale models of the region's monuments. The building houses today the headquarters ofRadio y Televisión de Andalucía. |
| Aragon | Ephemeral ↑ | José María López Latorre | The building is made up of a large dome enclosed between two largealabaster walls, a material fromLa Zaida. The translucency of the alabaster allows the filtered passage of light. The building was dismantled after the exhibition and rebuilt inZaragoza where it houses today the Confederation of Businessmen of Aragon. |
| Asturias | Ephemeral ↑ | Ramón Muñoz, Antonio Sanmartín | The building was dismantled after the exhibition and rebuilt inGijón where it houses today theMuseum of the Asturian People. |
| Balearic Islands | EphemeralX | Miguel Vicens Coll | The pavilion consisted of a fully glazed building with sails deployed on its main façade resembling a sailboat. |
| Basque Country | EphemeralX | Luis Angoloti, Apolinario Fernández de Sousa | The building looked like a large glassIkurriña that was completely illuminated at nightfall with the colours of the Basque flag. |
| Canary Islands | EphemeralX | José Manuel Barrio, César Mezquita | A scale representation of theCueva del Viento inTenerife stood out. |
| Cantabria | EphemeralX | Ricardo Piqueras, Alain Pelissier, Arnaund Sompairae | The pavilion housed a reproduction of theCave of Altamira and an exhibition onJuan de la Cosa. |
| Castile–La Mancha | EphemeralX | Jaime Lorenzo, Manuel de las Casas, Ignacio de las Casas | Its content revolved aroundDon Quixote. It also housed an exhibition of paintings by renowned artists. |
| Castile and León | EphemeralX | Josefina González Cubero, José María Martínez | |
| Catalonia | EphemeralX | Pere Llimona, Xavier Ruiz | On its façade, a mural byAntoni Tàpies stood out with the name of the pavilion. |
| Extremadura | EphemeralX | Tomás Vicente Curbelo, Juan José García Viondi | Its content revolved around the figures of Extremadurans linked to the conquest of the American continent, such asHernán Cortés andFrancisco Pizarro. |
| Galicia | Ephemeral ↑ | José Antonio Franco Taboada | The pavilion promoted the CompostelanJubilee year to be celebrated in 1993 and theCamino de Santiago. The building was dismantled after the exhibition and rebuilt inSantiago de Compostela where it has housed different offices of the regional government. |
| La Rioja | EphemeralX | R. Gonzalo Zarandona, J. Torres Castillo | Among the artefacts on display was a facsimile of theGlosas Emilianenses, and preserved footprints of dinosaurs that inhabited the region. There was a wine cellar in its basement. |
| Community of Madrid | EphemeralX | José Luis Solans, Ricardo del Amo, Pilar Briales | In its auditorium,Salomé, a short film byPedro Almodóvar, was played. |
| Region of Murcia | EphemeralX | Vicente Martínez Gadea | A large floral mantle covered its façade, symbolizing the region's orchard. |
| Navarre | EphemeralX | Fernando Rendón Huici | On the steps of the pavilion there was a cascading stream withtrouts betweenbeech trees and rocks brought from Navarre. In its auditorium, a 3D film about the region was played. |
| Valencian Community | EphemeralX | Emilio Giménez |
| Country | Type | Architect(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arab League | Ephemeral in the Pavilion of the Arab States[f]X | This pavilion presented the numerous contributions of Arab civilization to Spanish cultural heritage. | |
| European Community | Permanent, individual | Karsten K. Krebs | TheEuropean Community and the Nations of the European Community, were all located along the Avenue of Europe, which featured twelve massive white-coloured towers, and a central multi-coloured tower featuring the flags of the (then) twelve nations of the European Community, which underground hosted the Pavilion of the European Community itself. The building houses today the offices of theCartuja Science and Technology Park. |
| International Olympic Committee | Ephemeral, individual | Rafael de La-Hoz Castanys,Pedro Ramírez Vázquez | It was designed inspired by a Greek temple, symbol of the origins of Olympism. Although it was originally designed as a temporary building, it houses today a nightclub and restaurant. |
| International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement | Permanent, individualX | Miguel Martínez Garrido | The tour of the pavilion showed the humanitarian work of the movement. Volunteers accompanied visitors on their tour recounting their experiences as volunteers. |
| Inter-American System | Ephemeral inPlaza de América[d]X | This pavilion represented theInter-American Development Bank, theOrganization of American States, thePan American Health Organization, and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture. | |
| United Nations | Permanent, individualX | José Rodríguez Gautier | The tour of the pavilion was presented by a friendly alien who showed visitors the objectives of the UN and the thirty-five organizations that made up the UN system. |
| Country | Type | Architect(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cruzcampo | Permanent | Miguel de Oriol e Ybarra | The pavilion housed a brewery, as well as the largest beer bar in Europe, with capacity for 800 people. |
| Fujitsu | Permanent | José Antonio de Aguinaga García, Sergio Casado Revuelta | The pavilion featured the 70mmIMAX 3D filmEchoes of the Sun with the audience using e-liquid glasses. The building houses today an agency of the regional government. |
| ONCE | Permanent | Gilbert Barbany, Sebastián Mateli | The pavilion of theSpanish National Organization of the Blind (ONCE) was intended to raise awareness among visitors about the world of people with disabilities and was part of the marketing actions to the1992 Summer Paralympics. The building houses today a business centre and is part of ONCE foundation. |
| Promesa | EphemeralX | Christopher Boyce | The exhibition was organized around the audiovisual musicalThe Book of Seven Seals. |
| Rank Xerox | Permanent | Manuel Carrilero | The pavilion featured the "office of the future". The building houses today an engineering company. |
| Retevisión | Permanent | Horacio Domínguez López | The pavilion housed aHD-MAC television studio, and a HDTV demonstration room. The building and its HDTV studio is used today byCanal Sur.[5] |
| Siemens | Permanent | Gunter R. Standke | The pavilion housed a screening room. The building houses today an engineering company. |
![Pavilion of Navigation and Schindler Tower[j]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aPabell%25C3%25B3n_de_la_Navegaci%25C3%25B3n_y_torre_Schindler_001.jpg)
![Pavilion of Canada[j]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aPabell%25C3%25B3n_de_Canad%25C3%25A1.JPG)
![Pavilion of Chile[j]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aPabellon_de_Chile.jpg)
![Pavilion of Hungary[j]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aSevilla_-_PCT_Cartuja%2c_Pabell%25C3%25B3n_de_Hungr%25C3%25ADa_de_la_Expo_92_-_04.jpg)
![Pavilion of Italy[j]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aPabell%25C3%25B3n_de_Italia%2c_Expo%252792_Sevilla.jpg)
![Pavilion of Morocco[j]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aPabell%25C3%25B3n_Hassan_II_(1992).jpg)
![Pavilion of New Zealand[j]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aFachada_del_edificio_del_Instituto_de_Estad%25C3%25ADstica_de_Andaluc%25C3%25ADa.jpg)
![Pavilion of the European Community[j]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aAvenue_de_l%2527Europe_Expo_S%25C3%25A9ville_1992.JPG)
Curro was themascot for the fair. It has the shape of a big white bird with the legs of an elephant, whose long conicalbeak andcrest had the colours of therainbow. It was created by German designerHeinz Edelmann (who is best known for his work on the 1968 animated film,Yellow Submarine), who also gave it the nameCurro, an Andalusian pet form of Spanish male nameFrancisco.[1]
Curro was revealed on 14 March 1989 in Madrid, and he was officially presented in thePlaza de España of Seville, in a big fest of light and sound on 22 April 1989, three years before the fair's inauguration.[16]
The hot Sevillian summer was largely abated by a microfilter water air conditioning system throughout the site, principally along the main avenues and streets, under canopied sections both of tensile fabric and greenery. Visitors were sprayed with cool mist in various locations, and could make use of the numerous fountains and wading pools to cool off.
The main element of this cooling system was the Bioclimatic Sphere, which sprayed mist to cool visitors and became one of the most recognizable icons of the expo.
At the end of the Universal Exhibition, many pavilions were dismantled or demolished, others were moved to other locations, and others have been maintained and are part of theCartuja Science and Technology Park (PCT Cartuja).[1] Administrative services and city facilities have also moved to some of the buildings and plots left by the fair. One can walk throughout the site freely, seeing the pavilions and structures that are still standing.
A theme park namedIsla Mágica and a water park namedAgua Mágica was built in and around Lake of Spain. Initially calledCartuja, El parque de los descubrimientos, the theme park was built on the grounds of the Lake of Spain, and it also used the Pavilion of Spain and some regional pavilions for attractions. The theme park was later redesigned and it reopened asIsla Mágica on 28 June 1997. In 1998, all the regional pavilions still standing, with the exception of the Pavilion of Andalusia, were demolished and the theme park was extended onto the vacated land. On 28 June 2014, theAgua Mágica water park was opened. Admission to the fun parks requires an entrance fee.
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