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Serkland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
srklant on theTillinge Runestone raised in memory of aVarangian who did not return from Serkland, at the church of Tillinge inUppland,Sweden.

InOld Norse sources, such assagas andrunestones,Serkland (alsoSærkland,Srklant,Sirklant,Serklat, etc.) was the "land of theSerkir", usually identified with theSaracens.

The exact etymology is disputed.Serk- may derive from "Saracen"; fromsericum, Latin for "silk", implying a connection with theSilk Road; from the Khazar fortress ofSarkel; or fromserkr, shirt or gown, i.e., "land of the gown-wearers". In all cases it refers to a land in the East. Originally, it referred to the land south of theCaspian Sea, but it gradually expanded to cover all Islamic lands, including parts ofAfrica (and possibly evenMuslim Sicily).[1][2]

Notably one of theIngvar runestones, theSö 179, raised circa 1040 atGripsholm Castle, commemorates aVarangian loss during an ill-fated raid in Serkland. The other remaining runestones that talk of Serkland areSö 131,Sö 279,Sö 281, theTillinge Runestone and probably the lost runestoneU 439. For a detailed account of such raids, seeCaspian expeditions of the Rus'.

Several sagas mention Serkland:Ynglinga saga,Sörla saga sterka,Sörla þáttr,Saga Sigurðar Jórsalafara,Jökulsþáttur Búasonar[3] andHjálmþés saga ok Ölvis. It is also mentioned by the 11th centuryskaldÞórgils Fiskimaðr,[4] and the 12th century skaldÞórarinn Stuttfeldr.[5]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Judith Jesch,Ships and Men in the Late Viking Age: The Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse (Boydell, 2001), p. 104ff.
  2. ^Stefan Brink, "People and land in Early Scandinavia", in Ildar H. Garipzanov, Patrick Geary and Przemyslaw Urbanczyk (eds.),Franks, Northmen, and Slavs: Identities and State Formation in Early Medieval Europe (Brepols, 2008) p. 98.
  3. ^"Kennsluleiðbeiningar".
  4. ^Þórgils fiskimaðr, Nordmand, 11 årh. (AI, 400-1, BI, 369).
  5. ^Þórarinn stuttfeldr, Islandsk skjald, 12. årh. (AI, 489-92, BI, 461-4).

Literature

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This article contains content from theOwl Edition ofNordisk familjebok, a Swedish encyclopedia published between 1904 and 1926, now in thepublic domain.

External links

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Names initalics are settlements whoseNorse names are not recorded
Volkhov-Volga trade route
Gripsholm runestone
Dvina-Dnieper trade route
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Ethnolinguistic group ofNorthern European origin primarily identified as speakers ofGermanic languages
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