| Sequoia National Park | |
|---|---|
 TheGeneral Sherman Tree, the largest tree in the world (measured by volume), in 2022 | |
  Location in California Show map of California Location in the United States Show map of the United States | |
| Location | Tulare County, California, United States |
| Nearest city | Visalia, California |
| Coordinates | 36°33′53″N118°46′22″W / 36.56472°N 118.77278°W /36.56472; -118.77278 |
| Area | 404,064 acres (1,635.19 km2)[2] |
| Established | September 25, 1890; 135 years ago (1890-09-25) |
| Visitors | 1,153,198 (in 2022)[3] |
| Governing body | National Park Service |
| Website | nps |
Sequoia National Park is anational park of the United States in the southernSierra Nevada east ofVisalia, California. The park was established on September 25, 1890, and today protects 404,064 acres (631 sq mi; 163,519 ha; 1,635 km2)[2] of forested mountainous terrain. Encompassing a vertical relief of nearly 13,000 feet (4,000 m), the park contains the highest point in thecontiguous United States,Mount Whitney, at 14,505 feet (4,421 m) above sea level.[4] The park is south of, and contiguous with,Kings Canyon National Park; both parks are administered by theNational Park Service together asSequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks.UNESCO designated the areas asSequoia-Kings CanyonBiosphere Reserve in 1976.[5]
The park is notable for itsgiant sequoia trees, including theGeneral Sherman Tree, thelargest tree on Earth by volume. The General Sherman Tree grows in theGiant Forest, which contains five of the ten largest trees in the world. The Giant Forest is connected by theGenerals Highway to Kings Canyon National Park'sGeneral Grant Grove, home of theGeneral Grant tree among other giant sequoias. The park's giant sequoia forests are part of 202,430 acres (316 sq mi; 81,921 ha; 819 km2) ofold-growth forests shared by Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks.[6] The parks preserve a landscape that was first cultivated by theMonache tribe, the southern Sierra Nevada beforeEuro-American settlement.[7][failed verification]
Many park visitors enter Sequoia National Park through its southern entrance near the town ofThree Rivers atAsh Mountain at 1,700 ft (520 m) elevation. The lower elevations around Ash Mountain contain the only National Park Service-protected California Foothills ecosystem, consisting ofblue oak woodlands, foothillschaparral, grasslands,yucca plants, and steep, mild river valleys. Seasonal weather results in a changing landscape throughout the foothills with hot summer yielding an arid landscape while spring and winter rains result in blossoming wildflowers and lush greens.[8] The region is also home to abundant wildlife:bobcats,foxes,ground squirrels,rattlesnakes, andmule deer are commonly seen in this area, and more rarely, reclusivemountain lions and the Pacificfisher are seen as well. The lastCalifornia grizzly was killed in this park in 1922 (at Horse Corral Meadow).[9] TheCalifornia Black Oak is a key transition species between the chaparral and higher elevationconifer forest.[10]
At higher elevations in the front country, between 5,500 and 9,000 feet (1,700 and 2,700 m) in elevation, the landscape becomesmontane forest-dominated coniferous belt. Found here arePonderosa,Jeffrey,sugar, andlodgepole pine trees, as well as abundantwhite andred fir. Found here too are thegiant sequoia trees, the most massive living single-stem trees on Earth. Between the trees, spring and summersnowmelts sometimes fan out to form lush, though delicate, meadows. In this region, visitors often see mule deer,Douglas squirrels, andAmerican black bears, which sometimes break into unattended cars to eat food left by careless visitors. There are plans to reintroduce thebighorn sheep to this park.[11]
The vast majority of the park is road-less wilderness; no road crosses the Sierra Nevada within the park's boundaries. 84 percent of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks isdesignated wilderness[12] and is accessible only by foot or by horseback. The majority was designated Sequoia-Kings Canyon Wilderness in 1984[13] and the southwest portion was protected asJohn Krebs Wilderness in 2009.[14]
The area which now is Sequoia National Park shows evidence of Native American settlement as early as AD 1000.[15] The area was first home to "Monachee" (Western Mono)Native Americans, who resided mainly in theKaweah River drainage in the Foothills region of what is now the park, though evidence of seasonal habitation exists as high as the Giant Forest. Members of this tribe were permanent residents of the park, with a population estimate of around 2,000.[15] In the summer theTubatulabal Native Americans used the eastern part of the area (the Kern River drainage) as their summer hunting grounds.[16] During this time, the Western Mono tribe would travel over the high mountain passes to trade with tribes to the East. To this day,pictographs can be found at several sites within the park, notably atHospital Rock and Potwisha, as well as bedrock mortars used to processacorns, a staple food for the Monachee people.
The first European settler to homestead in the area wasHale Tharp, who built a home out of a hollowed-out fallen giant sequoia log in the Giant Forest next to Log Meadow. Tharp arrived in 1858 to the region and encountered several groups of Native Americans, the largest being around 600 with several other smaller groups found at higher elevations.[15] After becoming friendly with the Western Mono tribe, Tharp was shown the Giant Forest Sequoia Grove. After his settlement, more settlers came around 1860.
Shortly thereafter - between 1860 and 1863, epidemics of smallpox, measles, and scarlet fever killed the majority of the Native Americans living in the area. After this, the rest of the Native Americans left with the largest campsite (Hospital Rock) abandoned by 1865.[15] During their time in the area, the Monachee used periodic fire burning to aid in hunting and agriculture. This technique played an important role in the ecology of the region and allowed for a "natural" vegetation cover development.[15] After they left, Tharp and other settlers allowed sheep and cattle to graze the meadow, while at the same time maintaining a respect for the grandeur of the forest and led early battles against logging in the area. From time to time, Tharp received visits fromJohn Muir, who would stay at Tharp's log cabin.Tharp's Log can still be visited today in its original location in the Giant Forest.
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| Long title | An Act to set apart a certain tract of land in the State of California as a public park. |
|---|---|
| Enacted by | the51st United States Congress |
| Effective | September 25, 1890 |
| Citations | |
| Public law | Pub. L. 51–926 |
| Statutes at Large | 26 Stat. 478 |
| Codification | |
| Titles amended | Title 16—Conservation |
| U.S.C. sections created | 16 U.S.C. § 41 16 U.S.C. § 43 |
| Legislative history | |
| |
Tharp's attempts to conserve the giant sequoias were at first met with only limited success. In the 1880s, white settlers seeking to create autopian society founded theKaweah Colony, which sought economic success in trading Sequoia timber. Giant Sequoia trees, unlike theircoast redwood relatives, were later discovered to splinter easily and therefore were ill-suited to timber harvesting, though thousands of trees were felled before logging operations finally ceased.
President Benjamin Harrison ultimately signed legislation that established the Sequoia National Park on 25 September 1890, becoming the second national park established in the United States, and ending logging in the area.[17][18]
Another consequence of the Giant Forest becoming Sequoia National Park was the shift in park employment. Prior to the incorporation by the National Park Service, the park was managed by US army troops of the 24th Regiment of Infantry and the 9th Regiment of Cavalry, better known as theBuffalo Soldiers.[19] These segregated troops, founded in 1866, were African-American men from the South, an invaluable demographic to the military with the lowest rates of desertion. The Buffalo Soldiers completed park infrastructure projects as well as park management duties, helping to shape the role of the modern-day park ranger. The Buffalo Soldiers rose to this position due to a lack of funding for the park which led to an inability to hire civilians.[20]
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The third African American West Point graduate, CaptainCharles Young led the cavalries of Buffalo Soldiers in the Sequoia and General Grant Parks. Young landed this post as a result of the segregation rampant throughout the Army: as a black man, he was not permitted to head any combat units.[21] He did demonstrate his leadership capability through his initiatives in the national park delegating park infrastructure projects, hosting tourists and politicians, and setting a standard of a strong work ethic into his men. Young was also a prominent figure regarding the early conservation of Sequoia National Park. He greenlighted the dedication of trees in honor of prominent figures as a means of promoting their preservation. One such example is the Redwood dedicated to the escaped slave and activist,Booker T Washington. Young also argued to the Secretary of the Interior that the lack of enforcement of forest protection laws allowed the detrimental practices of logging and the popular tourist hobby of carving names into the redwoods to continue.[20]
An expansions occurred in 1978, when grassroots efforts, spearheaded by theSierra Club, fought off attempts by theWalt Disney Company to purchase a high-alpine former mining site south of the park for use as a ski resort.[22] This site known asMineral King was annexed to the park.[23] Its name dates back to early 1873 when the miners in the area formed the Mineral King Mining District.[24] Mineral King is the highest-elevation developed site within the park and a popular destination for backpackers.
The national park was partially closed in September 2020 due to theSQF Complex Fire,[25][26] and fully closed in mid-September through mid-December 2021 due to theKNP Complex Fire.[27][28]
According to theKöppen climate classification system, Sequoia National Park encompasses five climate types listed here from highest to lowest elevation;Tundra (ET), Mediterranean-influencedSubarctic climate (Dsc), Mediterranean-influenced warm-summerHumid continental climate (Dsb),Warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb), andHot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa). Precipitation also decreases with elevation. According to theUnited States Department of Agriculture, the PlantHardiness zone at Giant Forest Visitor Center (6,444 ft (1,964 m)) is 8a with an average annual extreme minimum temperature of 12.0 °F (−11.1 °C).[29]
| Climate data for Lodgepole, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1968–2021, elev: 6,735 ft (2,053 m) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 65 (18) | 65 (18) | 66 (19) | 73 (23) | 85 (29) | 89 (32) | 92 (33) | 89 (32) | 91 (33) | 81 (27) | 67 (19) | 60 (16) | 92 (33) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 50.1 (10.1) | 53.8 (12.1) | 58.7 (14.8) | 66.1 (18.9) | 73.5 (23.1) | 80.9 (27.2) | 85.4 (29.7) | 84.5 (29.2) | 81.0 (27.2) | 72.3 (22.4) | 60.6 (15.9) | 50.9 (10.5) | 86.9 (30.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 39.2 (4.0) | 41.0 (5.0) | 45.3 (7.4) | 50.0 (10.0) | 58.4 (14.7) | 68.4 (20.2) | 76.1 (24.5) | 75.9 (24.4) | 70.0 (21.1) | 58.9 (14.9) | 46.6 (8.1) | 37.3 (2.9) | 55.6 (13.1) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 28.3 (−2.1) | 29.7 (−1.3) | 33.6 (0.9) | 37.8 (3.2) | 45.7 (7.6) | 54.0 (12.2) | 61.0 (16.1) | 60.0 (15.6) | 54.6 (12.6) | 45.0 (7.2) | 35.0 (1.7) | 27.3 (−2.6) | 42.7 (5.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 17.4 (−8.1) | 18.4 (−7.6) | 21.8 (−5.7) | 25.7 (−3.5) | 33.1 (0.6) | 39.5 (4.2) | 45.9 (7.7) | 44.1 (6.7) | 39.2 (4.0) | 31.1 (−0.5) | 23.4 (−4.8) | 17.2 (−8.2) | 29.7 (−1.3) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 3.5 (−15.8) | 5.5 (−14.7) | 7.8 (−13.4) | 13.2 (−10.4) | 23.1 (−4.9) | 29.6 (−1.3) | 37.8 (3.2) | 36.3 (2.4) | 29.9 (−1.2) | 21.8 (−5.7) | 11.8 (−11.2) | 4.2 (−15.4) | −0.8 (−18.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −10 (−23) | −12 (−24) | −2 (−19) | −1 (−18) | 9 (−13) | 23 (−5) | 28 (−2) | 28 (−2) | 19 (−7) | 1 (−17) | −3 (−19) | −16 (−27) | −16 (−27) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 8.72 (221) | 7.87 (200) | 6.42 (163) | 3.24 (82) | 2.05 (52) | 0.69 (18) | 0.61 (15) | 0.15 (3.8) | 0.65 (17) | 2.27 (58) | 3.65 (93) | 6.87 (174) | 43.19 (1,096.8) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 42.4 (108) | 61.5 (156) | 37.1 (94) | 22.2 (56) | 6.0 (15) | 1.1 (2.8) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 3.4 (8.6) | 11.7 (30) | 35.0 (89) | 220.4 (559.4) |
| Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 49.9 (127) | 66.9 (170) | 73.6 (187) | 53.1 (135) | 15.3 (39) | 1.7 (4.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 2.4 (6.1) | 10.3 (26) | 30.3 (77) | 79.9 (203) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 8.8 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 7.7 | 5.7 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 8.2 | 67.6 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.01 in) | 7.7 | 8.4 | 7.4 | 4.6 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 3.7 | 6.6 | 41.6 |
| Source 1: NOAA[30] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service[31] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Giant Forest Visitor Center, Sequoia National Park. Elev: 5,646 ft (1,721 m) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 47.2 (8.4) | 47.7 (8.7) | 50.5 (10.3) | 55.0 (12.8) | 63.8 (17.7) | 72.4 (22.4) | 80.1 (26.7) | 80.3 (26.8) | 74.5 (23.6) | 64.3 (17.9) | 53.0 (11.7) | 45.9 (7.7) | 61.3 (16.3) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 38.0 (3.3) | 38.2 (3.4) | 40.7 (4.8) | 44.6 (7.0) | 52.5 (11.4) | 60.6 (15.9) | 68.4 (20.2) | 67.7 (19.8) | 62.3 (16.8) | 53.5 (11.9) | 43.8 (6.6) | 37.9 (3.3) | 50.8 (10.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 28.9 (−1.7) | 28.8 (−1.8) | 31.0 (−0.6) | 34.3 (1.3) | 41.3 (5.2) | 48.8 (9.3) | 56.7 (13.7) | 55.2 (12.9) | 50.2 (10.1) | 42.6 (5.9) | 34.6 (1.4) | 29.8 (−1.2) | 40.2 (4.6) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 7.59 (193) | 7.16 (182) | 6.81 (173) | 3.61 (92) | 1.78 (45) | 0.67 (17) | 0.33 (8.4) | 0.14 (3.6) | 0.71 (18) | 1.96 (50) | 4.32 (110) | 6.11 (155) | 41.19 (1,046) |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 48.3 | 61.7 | 64.9 | 61.5 | 56.5 | 47.3 | 41.7 | 38.6 | 38.1 | 42.6 | 49.3 | 50.4 | 50.0 |
| Averagedew point °F (°C) | 20.2 (−6.6) | 26.2 (−3.2) | 29.8 (−1.2) | 32.2 (0.1) | 37.5 (3.1) | 40.4 (4.7) | 44.2 (6.8) | 41.6 (5.3) | 36.4 (2.4) | 31.3 (−0.4) | 26.0 (−3.3) | 21.1 (−6.1) | 32.3 (0.2) |
| Source: PRISM Climate Group[32] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Ash Mountain, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1927–2021 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 84 (29) | 85 (29) | 89 (32) | 97 (36) | 106 (41) | 114 (46) | 118 (48) | 116 (47) | 112 (44) | 103 (39) | 94 (34) | 82 (28) | 118 (48) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 72.6 (22.6) | 76.6 (24.8) | 80.4 (26.9) | 87.3 (30.7) | 96.4 (35.8) | 104.6 (40.3) | 108.2 (42.3) | 107.5 (41.9) | 103.9 (39.9) | 95.5 (35.3) | 82.3 (27.9) | 72.6 (22.6) | 109.8 (43.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 57.6 (14.2) | 60.3 (15.7) | 64.2 (17.9) | 68.9 (20.5) | 78.8 (26.0) | 89.5 (31.9) | 97.1 (36.2) | 96.6 (35.9) | 91.2 (32.9) | 79.1 (26.2) | 65.6 (18.7) | 56.8 (13.8) | 75.5 (24.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 47.9 (8.8) | 50.4 (10.2) | 53.5 (11.9) | 57.2 (14.0) | 66.3 (19.1) | 75.9 (24.4) | 83.0 (28.3) | 82.3 (27.9) | 76.9 (24.9) | 66.2 (19.0) | 54.7 (12.6) | 47.4 (8.6) | 63.5 (17.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 38.3 (3.5) | 40.6 (4.8) | 42.8 (6.0) | 45.4 (7.4) | 53.7 (12.1) | 62.4 (16.9) | 69.0 (20.6) | 68.1 (20.1) | 62.5 (16.9) | 53.4 (11.9) | 43.8 (6.6) | 38.0 (3.3) | 51.5 (10.8) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 28.6 (−1.9) | 30.5 (−0.8) | 31.3 (−0.4) | 33.4 (0.8) | 41.1 (5.1) | 47.7 (8.7) | 57.6 (14.2) | 57.8 (14.3) | 50.2 (10.1) | 40.9 (4.9) | 32.5 (0.3) | 27.2 (−2.7) | 24.8 (−4.0) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 18 (−8) | 21 (−6) | 20 (−7) | 25 (−4) | 33 (1) | 38 (3) | 47 (8) | 45 (7) | 40 (4) | 28 (−2) | 20 (−7) | 17 (−8) | 17 (−8) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 4.89 (124) | 4.29 (109) | 4.02 (102) | 2.48 (63) | 1.23 (31) | 0.37 (9.4) | 0.14 (3.6) | 0.02 (0.51) | 0.18 (4.6) | 1.24 (31) | 2.41 (61) | 3.72 (94) | 24.99 (633.11) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.1 (0.25) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.25) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.5) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 9.3 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 6.6 | 4.6 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 6.1 | 8.4 | 62.8 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
| Source: NOAA[33][34] | |||||||||||||
Sequoia National Park contains a significant portion of theSierra Nevada. The park's mountainous landscape includes the tallest mountain in the contiguous United States, Mount Whitney, which rises to 14,505 feet (4,421 m) above sea level.[35] TheGreat Western Divide parallels the Sierran crest and is visible at various places in the park, for example,Mineral King,Moro Rock, and theGiant Forest. Peaks in the Great Western Divide rise to more than 12,000 feet (3,700 m). Deep canyons lie between the mountains, including Tokopah Valley above Lodgepole, Deep Canyon on the Marble Fork of theKaweah River, andKern Canyon in the park's backcountry, which is more than 5,000 feet (1,500 m) deep for 30 miles (50 km).[36]
Most of the mountains and canyons in the Sierra Nevada are composed ofgranitic rocks. These rocks, such asgranite,diorite andmonzonite, formed whenmolten rock cooled far beneath the surface of the earth. The molten rock was the result of a geologic process known assubduction. Powerful forces in the earth forced the landmass under the waters of the Pacific Ocean beneath and below an advancingNorth American Continent. Super-hot water driven from the subducting ocean floor migrated upward and melted rock as it proceeded. This process took place during theCretaceous Period, 100 million years ago. Granitic rocks have a speckled salt-and-pepper appearance because they contain various minerals includingquartz,feldspars andmicas. Valhalla, or the Angel Wings, are prominent granitic cliffs that rise above the headwaters of the Middle Fork of theKaweah River.[36]
The Sierra Nevada is a young mountain range, probably not more than 10 million years old. Forces in the earth, probably associated with the development of theGreat Basin, forced the mountains to rise. During the last 10 million years, at least fourice ages have coated the mountains in a thick mantle of ice. Glaciers form and develop during long periods of cool and wet weather. Glaciers move very slowly through the mountains, carving deep valleys and craggy peaks. The extensive history of glaciation within the range and the erosion-resistant nature of the granitic rocks that make up most of the Sierra Nevada have together created a landscape of hanging valleys, waterfalls, craggy peaks, alpine lakes (such asTulainyo Lake) and glacial canyons.[36]
Park caves, like most caves in the Sierra Nevada of California, are mostlysolutional caves dissolved frommarble. Marble rock is essentiallylimestone that wasmetamorphosed by the heat and pressure of the formation and uplift of theSierra Nevada Batholith. The batholith's rapid uplift over the past 10 million years led to a rapid erosion of the metamorphic rocks in the higher elevations, exposing the granite beneath; therefore, most Sierra Nevada caves are found in the middle and lower elevations (below 7,000 ft or 2,100 m), though some caves are found in the park at elevations as high as 10,000 ft (3,000 m) such as the White Chief cave and Cirque Cave in Mineral King. These caves are carved out of the rock by the abundant seasonal streams in the park. Most of the larger park caves have, or have had, sinking streams running through them.
The park contains more than 270 known caves, including Lilburn Cave which is California's longest cave with nearly 17 miles (27 km) of surveyed passages.[36] The only commercial cave open to park visitors isCrystal Cave, the park's second-longest cave at over 3.4 miles (5.5 km). Crystal Cave was discovered on April 28, 1918, by Alex Medley and Cassius Webster.[37] The cave is a constant 48 °F (9 °C), and is only accessible by guided tour.
Caves are discovered frequently in the park with the most recently discovered major cave beingUrsa Minor in August 2006.[38][39]
Sequoia National Park encompasses many classifications of ecological zones, with the highest zone consisting ofalpine tundra vegetation, then followed by California conifer forests, withchaparral at the lower elevations of the park.[40]
In the early 2000s, lumber company,Sierra Pacific Industries, began creating a living gene bank of trees using seeds harvested from the park.[41]
Animals that inhabit this park arecoyote,badger,black bear,bighorn sheep,deer,fox,cougar, eleven species ofwoodpecker, various species ofturtle, three species ofowl,opossum, various species ofsnake,wolverine,[42]beaver, various species offrog, andmuskrat.
In addition to hiking, camping, fishing, and backpacking, the following attractions are highlights with many park visitors:
Apple'smacOS Sequoia was named after Sequoia National Park.[46]
{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link){{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link){{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)Sequoia snd Kings Canyon National Parks, Calif. December 8, 2021 – The Giant Forest in Sequoia National Park will reopen to the public on a limited schedule beginning on Saturday, December 11. This area has been closed to public access since mid-September due to the KNP Complex Fire, which has burned more than 88,000 acres, mostly within Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks.
This article incorporatespublic domain material fromGeology Overview.National Park Service.[The Wawona Tree] was the second standing sequoia to be tunneled (the first, a dead tree, still stands in the Tuolumne Grove in Yosemite).
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