Senapati district | |
|---|---|
.svg) Location in Manipur | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Manipur |
| Headquarters | Senapati (Tahamzam) |
| Tehsils | 1.Purul, 2.Paomata, 3.Mao-Maram,[1] |
| Government | |
| • Vidhan Sabha constituencies | 6:Saikul,Karong,Mao,Tadubi,Kangpokpi andSaitu |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,573 km2 (607 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 8 |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
• Total | 285,404 |
| • Density | 181.4/km2 (469.9/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 74.13%[2] |
| • Sex ratio | 923[2] |
| Language(s) | |
| • Official | English |
| • Regional | Mao |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | MN03[3] |
| Website | senapati |
Senapati district (Meitei pronunciation: /se.na.pə.ti/) is one of the 16districts of the Indian state ofManipur. The present Senapati district was formed in December 2016, after spawning off theSadar Hills region in the south into a separateKangpokpi district.[4] The district headquarter is located in the town ofSenapati, also known as Tahamzam.
The Senapati district began as the Mao Subdivision of the Manipur State after its merger with the Republic of India.[5] By 1961, it was enlarged into the "Mao and Sadar Hills" subdivision, by combining the sadar hills (central hills) adjoining theImphal region.[6]
In 1969, Manipur was divided into five districts, with Mao and Sadar Hills becoming one of them. It was also called the "Manipur North" district, with a headquarters at Karong. It had three subdivisions: Mao West, Mao East and Sadar Hills.[7]
During the late 1950s and 1960s, theKuki tribes living in the northern hills of Manipur faced large-scale displacement, as a result of the activism of theNaga National Council attempting to homogenise the population in those areas. The displaced Kuki tribes moved inwards into the state and occupied regions in the Sadar Hills subdivision. This gave the Sadar Hills subdivision a distinct character.[8]
The Sadar Hills Kuki Chiefs' Zonal Council resolved in 1970 to demand a separate district for Sadar Hills, and submitted a memorandum to the Union Home MinisterK. C. Pant.[9] In 1971, shortly before Manipur became a full-fledged state, the Government of India enacted the Manipur (Hill Areas) District Council Act, 1971, granting autonomous district councils (ADCs) for the hill regions. Two separate ADCs, for Sadar Hills and Manipur North, were established in 1972. However, due to opposition from the Nagas, Sadar Hills was not made into a separate district, and continued as part of Manipur North.[10]
In 1976, the district headquarters was shifted to the town of Senapati.[11]In 1981, there were three subdivisions in Manipur North: Mao-Maram, based at Tadubi, Sadar Hills West, based atKangpokpi and Sadar Hills East, based atSaikul.[12] Efforts made by successive governments of Manipur to separate the Sadar Hills subdivisions into an independent district failed.[13] During theKuki–Naga clashes of the 1990s, further displacement of Kukis occurred into the Sadar Hills region and perhaps also displacement of Nagas out of the region.
Finally, in 2016, theOkram Ibobi Singh government, in one of its last acts before the election, formed seven new districts by bifurcating existing districts, with Sadar Hills being one of them. It was named theKangpokpi district with a headquarters at Kangpokpi.[14]TheUnited Naga Council conducted a five-monthblockade in the Naga districts of Manipur to protest the creation of the new districts and continues its opposition as of 2024.[15]
The remaining Naga-dominated district continues under the name Senapati district.
Senapati District is located between 93.29° and 94.15° East Longitude and 24.37° and 25.37° North Latitude and is in the northern part of Manipur state. The District is bounded on the south byKangpokpi District, on the east byUkhrul district, on the west byTamenglong district and on the north byKohima District andPhek district ofNagaland state. The district lies at an altitude between 1061 meter to 1788 meters above sea level.
TheDzuko Valley (Meitei:Dzuko Tampak),[16][17] is one of the tourist attractions in Manipur, renowned for natural sites, seasonal flowering plants and wild life,[18] including but not limited to theendemicDzuko lily (Lilium chitrangadae), which is closely related to theShirui lily (Lilium mackliniae) of the neighbouringUkhrul district.[19][20]
The Deputy Commissioner (DC) serves as the administrative head of the district and also holds the role of District Magistrate. The DC is supported by an Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADM/ADC), Assistant Commissioner (AC), Sub-Divisional Collector (SDC) Headquarters, and other SDCs overseeing various sections such as development, revenue, and relief. At the subdivision level, Sub-Divisional Officers assist the DC in administrative functions.[21] To maintain law and order, the Superintendent of Police (SP) for Senapati works in coordination with the DC.[22]
The district is divided into numerous Subdivisions, each of which is under the management by an SDO. These subdivisions are: Mao Maram, Paomata, Purul, Willong, Chilivai-Phaibung, Song Song, and Lairouching. This is to facilitate local governance and administration.[23]
Senapati is home to an Autonomous District Council (ADC), which were established under the Manipur (Hill Areas) Districts Council Act of 1971. However as opposed to6th Schedule Autonomous District Council, the Autonomous District Councils under the Manipur Act have limited legislative powers.[24] This Council is intended to give autonomy in governing local concerns, particularly those involving tribal groups in the hill areas. They play an important role in local government, development planning, and the execution of programs suited to the needs of the communities.[25]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1951 | 46,608 | — |
| 1961 | 70,792 | +51.9% |
| 1971 | 102,291 | +44.5% |
| 1981 | 153,091 | +49.7% |
| 1991 | 208,406 | +36.1% |
| 2001 | 283,621 | +36.1% |
| 2011 | 479,148 | +68.9% |
| † 2011 Senapati district (includes the presentKangpokpi district) Source:Census of India[26] | ||
According to the2011 census Senapati district has apopulation of 479,148[2] roughly equal to the nation ofBelize.[27] This gives it a ranking of 565th in India (out of a total of640).[2] The district has a population density of 109 inhabitants per square kilometre (280/sq mi).[2] Itspopulation growth rate over two decades 1991-2011 was 129.9 percent, which works out to an average decadal growth rate of 51.6 percent over these two decades.[a] Senapati has asex ratio of 939females for every 1000 males and aliteracy rate of 75%.[2] Its population composition as per the 2011 census is as below:
| Population[29] | Percentage of Total Pop. | |
|---|---|---|
| All Scheduled Tribes | 419,210 | 87.5% |
| Kuki-Zo tribes[b] | 110,314 | 23.0% |
| Naga tribes[c] | 282,007 | 58.9% |
| Old Kuki/Naga[d] | 19,244 | 4.0% |
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christianity | 95.31% | |||
| Hinduism | 3.36% | |||
| Other or not stated | 1.33% | |||
After the separation of theKangpokpi district in 2016, the residual district has a population of 285,404 as per 2011 census, all of which lives in rural areas. it has a sex ratio of 923 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 0.10% and 92.74% of the population respectively.[2]
Christianity is the majority, religion, practised by 95.31% of the population. Hinduism is the second-largest religion, practised by 3.36% of the population. Small numbers practice other religions, such as Islam, Buddhism, and Heraka. Nearly all tribals are Christians, with only a small minority of the Zeliang practisingHeraka.[citation needed]
At the time of the 2011 census, 46.99% of the population spokePoumai, 29.89%Mao, 10.67%Maram, 2.84%Nepali, 2.65%Zemi, 1.75%Khezha, 1.55%Liangmai and 0.95%Zeliang as their first language.[32]
There are many well-known valleys which make the hills like Khoupum Tampak, (Tampak means valley in Manipuri), Khuga Tampak, Sajik Tampak, Dzuko Tampak, Moreh and Jiribam besides other vast river basins like Barak River basin in the north.
tampāk ꯇꯝꯄꯥꯛ /təm.pak/ n. valley. Morph: tam‑pāk [valley‑to be broad].
The Dzükou/Dzüko Valley is a valley located at the border of the states of Manipur and Nagaland in northeast India. This valley is well known for its natural environment, seasonal flowers and flora and fauna.
Belize 321,115 July 2011 est.
Places adjacent to Senapati district | |
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