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Seend

Coordinates:51°20′56″N2°04′52″W / 51.349°N 2.081°W /51.349; -2.081
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromSells Green)

Human settlement in England
Seend
Manor House, Seend
Seend is located in Wiltshire
Seend
Seend
Location withinWiltshire
Population1,132 (in 2011)[1]
OS grid referenceST945611
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townMelksham
Postcode districtSN12
Dialling code01380
PoliceWiltshire
FireDorset and Wiltshire
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
WebsiteParish Council
List of places
UK
England
Wiltshire
51°20′56″N2°04′52″W / 51.349°N 2.081°W /51.349; -2.081

Seend is a village andcivil parish about 3 miles (5 km) southeast of themarket town ofMelksham, Wiltshire, England. It lies about 3.5 miles (6 km) west ofDevizes and 5.5 miles (9 km) northeast of thecounty town ofTrowbridge. The parish includes the sub-village ofSeend Cleeve and thehamlets ofInmarsh, Martinslade,Seend Head,Sells Green andThe Stocks (the latter being contiguous with Seend Cleeve).

Seend village is on a hilltop more than 90 metres (300 ft) above sea level. The hill is bordered to the west and south by Semington Brook, a tributary of theRiver Avon, and to the east by Summerham Brook, which is a tributary of Semington Brook. The village's High Street is theA361 Trowbridge-Devizes road; theA365 links the A361 with Melksham and passes through Sells Green.

Toponym

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The village name has had earlier forms, notably in the 17th century:Seene (1602—1635),Scene (1650),Seend Vulgo (1670) andSeen (1675).[citation needed] The name is from Old English "sende" meaning a sandy place.[2]

Manor

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TheDomesday Book of 1086 does not mention amanor of Seend.[3] In the 11th century Seend may have been part of the royal manor of Melksham.[3] The earliest known record of the tenancy of the manor of Seend dates from 1190 when it was held by Wigan of Cherburgh.[3] Wigan's descendants held the manor until 1297 when John of Cherburgh granted it toHugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester.[3] After Hugh was hanged in 1326, Seend was granted toQueen Isabella as part of herdower.[3]

In 1331, Seend manor was granted to Edward de Bohun,[3] twin brother ofWilliam de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton. William and Edward were two of the younger sons ofHumphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford. Edward had died by 1337, whenthe Crown granted Seend manor toHugh le Despencer, Baron le Despencer, subject to the life interest of Edward's widow Margaret.[3] In 1341 Margaret died andlivery of seisin was granted toHumphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford.[3] After Humphrey's death in 1361, Seend was held successively byHumphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford until his death in 1373 and the 7th earl's widow until her death in 1419.[3]

In 1421, Seend Manor was granted toAnne of Gloucester,Countess of Stafford.[3] In 1431, the countess placed the manor in trust for her nephewHumphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester.[3] The Duke died heirless in 1447, and by 1461, Seend had passed toJohn Bourchier, 1st Baron Berners,[3] a son of Anne of Gloucester's remarriage toWilliam Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu. John Bourchier's grandsonJohn Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners inherited Seend in 1447 and mortgaged it in 1506.[3] The second Baron died in 1533 and his executors sold Seend manor to William Sharington ofLacock in 1539.[3] William left Seend to his brother Henry in 1553, who left it to his daughterGrace and son-in-law SirAnthony Mildmay in 1581.[3] Mildmay died in 1617, and Grace in 1620, leaving Seend to their daughter Mary and son-in-lawFrancis Fane, who was created 1stEarl of Westmorland in 1624.[3] Seend remained in the family untilCharles Fane, 3rd Earl of Westmorland sold it to Sir Richard Blake in 1668.[3]

Sir Richard died in 1683, and his widow Elizabeth married Edward Hearst.[3] They mortgaged Seend in 1690.[3] After their deaths, Seend passed to Elizabeth and Sir Richard's daughter Mary, who was married to a Robert Dormer.[3] Robert and Mary left Seend to their daughter Elizabeth and her husbandJohn Fortescue Aland,[3] who in 1746 was createdBaron Fortescue of Credan in thePeerage of Ireland.[3] The last known record of the manor dates from 1723.[3]

Parish church

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Church of the Holy Cross

Seend was achapelry of theecclesiastical parish ofMelksham by the latter part of the 13th century, when Hugh ofTrowbridge had succeeded Ingram ascapellano parochiali ("parish chaplain").[3] Seend had its ownchurchwardens from 1663, and raised its ownpoor rate from 1734.[3] When it was made a separate parish andperpetual curacy in 1873, it was stated that Seend already had full rights to conduct baptisms,churchings, marriages and burials.[4]

TheChurch of England parish church of theHoly Cross is built ofrubble stone faced withashlar. The oldest work is the lower parts of the low west tower, which predates the late-15th-century[3]Perpendicular Gothicnave and its highclerestory.[5] The Perpendicular Gothic northaisle – described as "showy" by Orbach[6] – is also late 15th century,[5] paid for by the clothier John Stokes (died 1498).[7] There arememorial brasses to Stokes and his wife in the north aisle.[7] Over the chancel arch are traces of either a carvedrood[7] or awall painting of theCrucifixion.[5]

Holy Cross has awest gallery that was built early in the 18th century. It bears two dates: 1706 and 1726.[5] Thechancel wasrebuilt in 1876 to designs by the architect A. J. Style.[5] He also designed the ornateGothicreredos and pulpit, in stone and marble; the pulpit was carved byNathaniel Hitch.[8] The 1884 east window is byClayton and Bell.[6] Restoration in 1889 included rebuilding the west half of the south aisle.[9] There is an octagonal stone font from the 15th century, and another, oval, from the 18th century.[6]

By 1553 the tower had three bells; it now has aring of six.[3] Four of the bells, including the treble, were cast in 1636 by Roger I Purdue[10] ofBristol. The fifth bell was cast in 1793[10] byRobert and James Wells of Aldbourne.[11] In 1880 Mears and Stainbank[10] of theWhitechapel Bell Foundry[11] cast the present tenor bell and recast one of Purdue's 1636 bells.[3] In 1912W. & J. Taylor[10] ofLoughborough[11] recast Purdue's treble bell.[3]

Monuments in the church include a fine marble figure of a woman by an urn, made by John Ford of Bath, to Rev George Husey (died 1741);[6] and Gothic memorials including two byWilliam Osmond, toWadham Locke MP ofRowdeford House (died 1835)[6] and his grandson, also Wadham (died 1841, age 12).[12] The church was designated asGrade I listed in 1962,[9] and in 1987 the iron gates at the entrance to the churchyard – of 1812 with corniced ashlar piers and lamp above – were listed at Grade II.[13]

The parish was united withBulkington in 1971, andPoulshot was added in 1995.[14] Today the parish is part of the Wellsprings benefice, which also covers the parishes of Bulkington,Potterne, Poulshot, andWorton &Marston.[15][16]

Chapels

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There were bothQuaker believers andPresbyterian ministers in the Seend area by about 1648. In 1672, Benjamin Rutty of Seend was licensed to be a Presbyterian teacher and to use his house for that purpose. By 1717, Seend had a congregation of 52 Presbyterians, to whom a minister from Devizes preached once a month.[3]

In 1749John Wesley preached at Seend.[3] Thereafter,non-conformist Christians in Seend seem to have become part of theMethodist movement. Construction of SeendMethodist Chapel began in 1774 and was completed in 1775; it was opened by John Wesley.[3] The chapel was registered for marriages in 1854.[3] The building is in red brick with ashlar stonequoins andlancet windows in anEarly English style, grouped in pairs and triplets.[17] After its congregation dwindled, the chapel (which had no water or heating) was closed in March 2020.[18][19]

There was also aPrimitive Methodist chapel atSeend Cleeve, which was closed in 1979.[20]

Secular buildings

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Weavers Cottages, Seend

SeendManor House was built in 1768 for the Awdry family.[21] The house has two storeys, five bays, and anIonic porch,[7] and in 1962 was designated as Grade II* listed.[22]

Seend House, west of the parish church and also Grade II* listed, was built in the early 19th century.[23] It is an ashlar-faced building of three storeys and six bays, with a porch of paired Tuscan columns. Two lodges are each fronted with four Tuscan columns.[7]

Hill Farm house in the High Street dates from the 15th century[3] and has partly originaltimber framing[7] including acruck.[3] It has brick nogging[7] and a stone slate roof. Also on the High Street, Dial House has its origins in the 15th century with its ashlarchimney breast, but the rest is 18th-century red-brick facings.[24] Moiety Manor is a 16th-century timber-framed and painted-brick farmhouse in Spout Lane.[25]

Seend Green House, near the east end of the village, was in existence before the end of the 17th century.[3] It is a plain, ashlar-faced building of three storeys and sevenbays.[7] Its porch at the side with pairs ofTuscan columns was added slightly later.[7]

Economic history

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TheKennet and Avon Canal passes below Seend hill; here Seend Cleeve is the backdrop

In 1666 theantiquarianJohn Aubrey observed an iron ore field at Seend and in 1684 he noted that Seend had achalybeate well that attracted "much company".[7] The ore field was evidently the source of the iron oxide in the chalybeate waters. A chalybeate spring at Seend was discovered or rediscovered in 1813.[3] In 1815 asaline spring was discovered and a spa company was founded, which built a pump room and houses for visitors.[3] The Spa prospered until 1822.[3]

TheKennet and Avon Canal was built between 1794 and 1810. It passes about 0.4 miles (640 m) north of Seend village and even closer to Seend Cleeve.

TheGreat Western Railway opened theDevizes Branch Line in 1857, passing about 0.6 miles (970 m) north of Seend village, and in 1858Seend station was built to serve the area.Bromham and Rowde Halt was opened in 1909 at Sells Green, close to the north bank of the canal; the name was chosen because freight was expected to come from the horticultural area aroundBromham.[26] The line and stations were closed in 1966.

The opening of the railway encouraged quarrying of the iron ore field, which began in the middle of the 19th century and continued intermittently for the next century or so. 77,984tons ofbrown haematite were quarried between 1855 and 1861 and a further 86,443 tons between 1871 and 1874.[3] Quarrying was renewed during theSecond World War and was still continuing in 1950.[3]Seend Ironstone Quarry and Road Cutting is now aGeological Site of Special Scientific Interest.

School

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Seend Church School was built by Thomas Bruges in 1832 and opened the following year.[3] In 1859 a report criticised the schoolmaster and schoolmistress as uncertificated and the building as damp and unsatisfactory.[3] In 1869 a Government grant paid for a new school building and by 1872 the school was receiving regular Government funding.[3] Attendance grew from 77 in 1872 to 132 in 1893 and 108 children and 56 infants in 1910.[3] Thereafter attendance declined to 68 children and 32 infants in 1938.[3] There were 114 children of all ages in 1950.[3] It is now Seend Church of EnglandVoluntary Aided Primary School.[27]

Amenities

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The parish has threepublic houses: theBrewery Inn at Seend Cleeve, theBarge Inn at the canalside below Seend Cleeve, and theThree Magpies at Sells Green. There is a post office/shop on the High Street, a Community Centre with a bar, and a sports field.

Notable people

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Mary Webb (1697–1768) was born at Seend; her mother Elizabeth Somner was a daughter of John Somner (or Sumner), who owned Seend Green House (now Seend Park) from the 1660s.[3] After marryingEdward Seymour in 1716 or 1717, she became in 1750Mary Seymour, Duchess of Somerset. She had the house largely rebuilt in 1760.[28]

Cleeve House was bought in 1883 by William Heward Bell.[29] His children with his wife Hannah includedCory (1875–1961), army officer in theSecond Boer War and First World War, elected twice as MP forDevizes, andHigh Sheriff in 1932; andClive (1881–1964), the art critic and writer, who married the artistVanessa Stephen, sister of the authorVirginia Woolf.

Antiques dealer and TV presenterPaul Martin and family moved to Seend in 2007.[30]

In media

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The church parish (comprising Seend,Bulkington andPoulshot) was the subject of a television documentary seriesA Country Parish, shown in 2003 onBBC2.

References

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  1. ^"Wiltshire Community History – Census". Wiltshire Council. Retrieved19 January 2016.
  2. ^"Key to English Place-names".
  3. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanaoapaqarasatauavPugh & Crittall 1953, pp. 91–121
  4. ^"No. 23973".The London Gazette. 6 May 1873. pp. 2242–2245.
  5. ^abcdePevsner & Cherry 1975, p. 464
  6. ^abcdeOrbach, Julian;Pevsner, Nikolaus;Cherry, Bridget (2021).Wiltshire. The Buildings Of England. New Haven, US and London:Yale University Press. p. 636.ISBN 978-0-300-25120-3.OCLC 1201298091.
  7. ^abcdefghijPevsner & Cherry 1975, p. 465
  8. ^"Holy Cross Church, Seend".Wiltshire Museum. 2019. Retrieved14 February 2023.
  9. ^abHistoric England."Church of the Holy Cross (1243604)".National Heritage List for England. Retrieved20 January 2016.
  10. ^abcdDawson, George (21 December 2006)."Seend Holy Cross".Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers.Central Council for Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved28 December 2010.
  11. ^abc"Bell Founders".Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers.Central Council for Church Bell Ringers. 25 June 2010. Retrieved28 December 2010.
  12. ^Marshall, G.W. (1879).Genealogist. William Pollard & Company. p. 395. Retrieved17 February 2023.
  13. ^Historic England."Churchyard gate piers and gates (1243605)".National Heritage List for England. Retrieved17 February 2023.
  14. ^"Christ Church, Bulkington".Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved13 February 2023.
  15. ^"Wellsprings Benefice". Retrieved13 February 2023.
  16. ^"Church Matters".www.seend.org.uk. Retrieved13 February 2023.
  17. ^Historic England."Seend Methodist Chapel (1272671)".National Heritage List for England. Retrieved13 February 2023.
  18. ^"Seend Methodist Chapel".Wiltshire United Churches. Archived fromthe original on 2 December 2020 – via Internet Archive.
  19. ^Moore, Joanne (16 March 2020)."Old chapel with no water or heating to be sold".Wiltshire Times. Retrieved13 February 2023.
  20. ^"Seend Cleeve Primitive Methodist chapel".My Primitive Methodists. Retrieved13 February 2023.
  21. ^Bradby, Edward (1982).Seend: a Wiltshire village past and present. Alan Sutton. p. 197.ISBN 978-0-904387-81-0. Retrieved20 January 2016.
  22. ^Historic England."The Manor House (1243854)".National Heritage List for England. Retrieved20 January 2016.
  23. ^Historic England."Seend House (1243855)".National Heritage List for England. Retrieved20 January 2016.
  24. ^Historic England."Dial House (1243834)".National Heritage List for England. Retrieved20 January 2016.
  25. ^Historic England."Moiety Manor (1272612)".National Heritage List for England. Retrieved20 January 2016.
  26. ^Oakley, Mike (2004).Wiltshire Railway Stations. Wimborne: The Dovecote Press. p. 24.ISBN 1904349331.
  27. ^Seend CE VA Primary SchoolArchived 13 July 2012 atarchive.today
  28. ^Historic England."Seend Green House (1243836)".National Heritage List for England. Retrieved8 February 2023.
  29. ^"History of Cleeve House".Cleeve House. Archived fromthe original on 20 January 2022 – via Internet Archive.
  30. ^Hunter, Nichola (28 February 2012)."TRADING PLACES: TV presenter Paul Martin and his family exchanged a high street home for a country smallholding and the lifestyle that went with it".The Scotsman. Retrieved9 February 2023.

Sources

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External links

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Media related toSeend at Wikimedia Commons

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