In marketing,promotion refers to any type ofmarketing communication used to informtarget audiences of the relative merits of a product, service, brand or issue, persuasively. It helps marketers to create a distinctive place in customers' mind, it can be either acognitive oremotional route. The aim of promotion is to increasebrand awareness, create interest, generate sales or createbrand loyalty. It is one of the basic elements of themarket mix, which includes the four Ps, i.e., product, price, place, and promotion.[1]
Promotion is also one of the elements in thepromotional mix or promotional plan. These arepersonal selling,advertising,sales promotion,direct marketing,publicity,word of mouth and may also includeevent marketing,exhibitions and trade shows.[2] A promotional plan specifies how much attention to pay to each of the elements in the promotional mix, and what proportion of the budget should be allocated to each element.
Promotion covers the methods of communication that a marketer uses to provideinformation about its product. Information can be bothverbal andvisual.
The termpromotion derives from the Old French,promocion meaning to "move forward", "push onward" or to "advance in rank or position" which in turn, comes from the Latin,promotionem meaning "a moving forward". The word entered the English language in the 14th century.[3]
The use of the termpromotion to refer to "advertising or publicity" is very modern and was first recorded in 1925.[4] It may be a contraction of a related term,sales promotion, which is one element in the larger set of tools used in marketing communications. The terms,promotion andmarketing communications can be used synonymously, but in practice, the latter is more widely used.[5]
There are three objectives of promotion. These are:[6]
The purpose of a promotion and thus its promotional plan can have a wide range, including: sales increases, new product acceptance, creation ofbrand equity,positioning, competitive retaliations or creation of acorporate image.[2]
The term 'promotion' tends to be used internally by the marketing function. To the public or the market, phrases like "special offer" are more common. Examples of fully integrated, long-term, and large-scale promotions areMy Coke Rewards in the USA or Coke Zone in the UK andPepsi Stuff.
There have been different ways to promote a product in person or with different media. Both person and media can be either physically real or virtual/electronic.
Promotions can be held in physical environments at special events such asconcerts, festivals,trade shows, and in the field, such as in grocery or department stores. Interactions in the field allow immediate purchases. The purchase of a product can beincentive withdiscounts (i.e., coupons), free items, or asweepstakes prize draw. This method is used to increase the sales of a given product.
Interactions between the brand and the customer are performed by abrand ambassador orpromotional model who represents the product in physical environments. Brand ambassadors or promotional models are hired by amarketing company, which in turn is booked by the brand to represent the product or service. Person-to-person interaction, as opposed to media-to-person involvement, establishes connections that add another dimension to promotion.Building a community through promoting goods and services can lead tobrand loyalty.
Examples of traditional media include print media such asnewspapers and magazines, electronic media such as radio andtelevision, and outdoor media such as banner orbillboard advertisements. Each of these platforms provides ways for brands to reach consumers with advertisements.
Digital media, which includes Internet,social networking andsocial media sites, is a modern way for brands to interact with consumers as it releases news, information and advertising from the technological limits of print and broadcast infrastructures.[8] Digital media is currently the most effective way for brands to reach their consumers on a daily basis. Over 2.7 billion people are online globally, which is about 40% of the world's population.[9] 67% of all Internet users globally use social media.[10]
Mass communication has led to modern marketing strategies to continue focusing on brand awareness, large distributions and heavy promotions.[8] The fast-paced environment of digital media presents new methods for promotion to utilize new tools now available through technology. With the rise of technological advances, promotions can be done outside of local contexts and across geographic borders to reach a greater number of potential consumers. The goal of a promotion is then to reach the most people possible in a time efficient and a cost efficient manner.
Social media, as a modern marketing tool, offers opportunities to reach larger audiences in an interactive way. These interactions allow for conversation rather than simply educating the customer.Facebook,Snapchat,Instagram,Twitter,Pinterest,Tumblr, as well as alternate audio and media sites likeSoundCloud andMixcloud allow users to interact and promote music online with little to no cost. You can purchase and buy ad space on social media platforms. Additionally, you can buy artificialLikes, Followers, and Clicks on your pages and posts with the use of third parties. As a participatory media culture, social media platforms or social networking sites are forms of mass communication that, through media technologies, allow large amounts of product and distribution of content to reach the largest audience possible.[2] However, there are downsides to virtual promotions as servers, systems, and websites may crash, fail, or become overloaded with information. You also can stand risk of losing uploaded information and storage and at a use can also be effected by a number of outside variables.
Brands can explore different strategies to keep consumers engaged. One popular tool is branded entertainment, or creating some sort of social game for the user. The benefits of such a platform include submersing the user in the brand's content. Users will be more likely to absorb and not grow tired of advertisements if they are, for example, embedded in the game as opposed to a bothersome pop-up ad.[11]
Personalizing advertisements is another strategy that can work well for brands, as it can increase the likelihood that the brand will be personified by the consumer. Personalization increases click-through intentions when data has been collected about the consumer.[12]
Brands must navigate the line between effectively promoting their content to consumers on social media and becoming too invasive in consumers' lives. Vivid Internet ads that include devices such asanimation might increase a user's initial attention to the ad. However, this may be seen as a distraction to the user if they are trying to absorb a different part of the site such as reading text.[13] Additionally, when brands make the effort of overtly collecting data about their consumers and then personalizing their ads to them, the consumer's relationship with the advertisements, following this data collection, is frequently positive. However, when data is covertly collected, consumers can quickly feel like the company betrayed their trust.[12] It is important for brands to utilize personalization in their ads, without making the consumer feel vulnerable or that theirprivacy has been betrayed.
Sponsorship generally involves supplying resources (such as money) to a group or an event in exchange for advertising or publicity. Company will often help fund athletes, teams, or events in exchange for having their logo prominently visible. This is done through the use ofproduct placement or by placing logos on team uniforms/equipment.[14]
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