TheSeekriegsleitung orSKL (Maritime Warfare Command) was a higher command staff section of theKaiserliche Marine and theKriegsmarine of Germany during the World Wars.
The SKL was established on August 27, 1918, on the initiative of AdmiralReinhard Scheer, who became its first commander, simultaneously to being the Chief of theGerman Imperial Admiralty Staff. It led the planning and execution of naval combat and directed the distribution of naval forces. Up to this point, that was done by several staffs and the individual theater commanders. When the war ended, the SKL was absorbed into the admiralty.
The SKL was reestablished in 1937 and deeply linked in theNaval High Command, the Commander-in-Chief also being the commander of the SKL with the Commander of the Naval Command Department (Marinekommandoamt) as the Chief of Staff. Though the competences of the SKL initially were equal to their role in World War I, they were narrowed when the Naval Command Department was split from it. The command was limited to except-domestic sea-areas, where the naval group commands did not possess the operational guidance. Also, the submarine war split and were, under theCommander of the submarines (Befehlshaber der U-Boote), directly subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief. In 1944, the SKL was tasked with the command of fleet units operating as transports, blockade runners, auxiliary cruisers and supply shipping.
The Commanders of theSeekriegsleitung were:
No. | Portrait | Commander | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Scheer, ReinhardAdmiral Reinhard Scheer (1863–1928) | 28 August 1918 | 14 November 1918 | 78 days | |
2 | Raeder, ErichGroßadmiral Erich Raeder (1876–1960) (as Commander-in-Chief) | 1 June 1935 | 30 January 1943 | 7 years, 243 days | |
3 | Dönitz, KarlGroßadmiral Karl Dönitz (1891–1980) (as Commander-in-Chief) | 30 January 1943 | 1 May 1944 | 1 year, 92 days | |
4 | Fricke, KurtAdmiral Wilhelm Meisel (1891–1974) | 1 May 1944 | 22 May 1945 | 1 year, 21 days |
The Chiefs of Staff of theSeekriegsleitung were:
No. | Portrait | Chief of Staff | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Guse, GüntherVice Admiral Günther Guse [de] (1886–1953) | 1 October 1937 | 31 October 1938 | 1 year, 30 days | |
2 | Schniewind, OttoAdmiral Otto Schniewind (1887–1964) | 31 October 1938 | 12 June 1941 | 2 years, 224 days | |
3 | Fricke, KurtAdmiral Kurt Fricke (1889–1945) | 13 June 1941 | 21 February 1943 | 1 year, 253 days | |
4 | Fricke, KurtAdmiral Wilhelm Meisel (1891–1974) | 21 February 1943 | 22 July 1945 | 2 years, 151 days |