"See See Rider", also known as "C.C. Rider", "See See Rider Blues" or "Easy Rider", is a popular American12-bar blues song that became a standard in several genres.^[1]Gertrude "Ma" Rainey was the first to record it on October 16, 1924, atParamount Records in New York.^[2] The song uses mostlytraditional blues lyrics to tell the story of an unfaithful lover, commonly called an "easy rider": "See see rider, see what you have done", making aplay on the word "see" and the sound of "easy".

"See See Rider" is a traditional song that may have originated on theblack vaudeville circuit. It is similar to "Poor Boy Blues" as performed byRamblin' Thomas.^[3]Jelly Roll Morton recalled hearing the song as a young boy sometime after 1901 in New Orleans, Louisiana, when he performed with a spiritual quartet that played at funerals. Older band members played "See See Rider" during get-togethers with their "sweet mamas" or as Morton called them "fifth-class whores".^[4]

Big Bill Broonzy claimed that "when he was about 9 or 10—that is, around 1908, in the Delta (Jefferson County, Arkansas)—he learned to play theblues from an itinerant songster named "See See Rider", "a former slave, who played a one-string fiddle ... one of the first singers of what would later be called the blues."^[5]Lead Belly andBlind Lemon Jefferson performed the song in the Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas area between 1912 and 1917.^[6]

The song is possibly connected to theShelton Brooks composition "I Wonder Where My Easy Rider's Gone" (1913) that was inspired by the mysterious 1907 disappearance of the 28-year-old jockey Jimmy Lee, "The Black Demon", a well-known black rider who won every race on the card atChurchill Downs.^[7]

Ma Rainey's rendition of "See See Rider" is based on a traditional folk 12-bar blues, such as the rendition by Lead Belly in which the lyrics follow the traditional repetition of the first line of the stanza structure (AAB). Ma Rainey's rendition opens with the three couplet introduction credited to Lena Arant that explains why the singer is blue. The following lines are adapted in the less typical repetition of the second line of the stanza (ABB) pattern.^[8][9]

Gates Thomas collected a version of "C.C. Rider" in the 1920s in south Texas. It repeated the second line of the stanza (ABB) rather than the first (AAB) which is more common in blues.^[9] Folklorists recorded regional variations in stanza patterns such as ABB and ABA in Texas versus AB in New Orleans.^[10]

In October 1924, "Ma" Rainey was the first to record "See See Rider Blues" atParamount Records New York Studio. Her Georgia Jazz Band includedLouis Armstrong on cornet,Charlie Green on trombone,Buster Bailey on clarinet,Fletcher Henderson on piano, andCharlie Dixon on banjo.^[11] The record was released in 1925. While the copyright listed Lena Arant as a composer, she was responsible only for the first three rhymed couplets at the beginning of the song.^[8]

In 1943, a version byWee Bea Booze reached number one onBillboard magazine'sHarlem Hit Parade, a precursor of therhythm and blues chart. Some blues critics consider this to be the definitive version of the song.^[12] Later rock-oriented versions were recorded byChuck Willis (as "C.C. Rider", a number one R&B hit and a number 12pop hit in 1957) andLaVern Baker (number nine R&B and number 34 pop in 1963).^[13]

Mitch Ryder & the Detroit Wheels' version of the song (as part of the medley "Jenny Take a Ride!") from their albumTake a Ride reached number 10 on theBillboard Hot 100 chart in 1965 in the US.^[14] In 1966,the Animals recorded "See See Rider" for their fourth American album,Animalization. It was released as a single in September 1966^[15] and reached number 10 on the Hot 100.^[16]Cash Box said that it is an "excellent re-working" in which the Animals play "the bluesy sturdie in an infectious, hard-pounding rollicking style."^[17]Elvis Presley recorded a version of the song in 1970. The song eventually became Presley's opening song at his concerts beginning in 1972, with the orchestral section of his rendition opening and closing the concerts and appeared on his live albumOn Stage.

The Grateful Dead played the song live starting in 1979, withBob Weir on vocals.^[18]

Old Crow Medicine Show included a rendition on their 2004self-titled album.^[19]

Van Dyke Parks adapted some of the lyrics forDo You Like Worms, a track fromThe Beach Boys' unreleased 1967 album SMiLE, changing it to "bicycle rider, just see what you done", instead of "see see rider".

In 2004, Ma Rainey's "See See Rider" was selected for theNational Recording Registry of theLibrary of Congress to preserve its legacy for future generations.^[11] In 2004, her recording received aGrammy Hall of Fame Award. Film directorMartin Scorsese credited the song with stimulating his interest in music. He commented:

One day, around 1958, I remember hearing something that was unlike anything I'd ever heard before ... The music was demanding, "Listen to me!" ... The song was called "See See Rider," which I already knew from the Chuck Willis cover version. The name of the singer was Lead Belly ... I found an oldFolkways record by Lead Belly ... And I listened to it obsessively. Lead Belly's music opened something up for me. If I could have played guitar, really played it, I never would have become a filmmaker.^[20]

In 2018, theBlues Foundation inducted "See See Rider" into theBlues Hall of Fame as a "classic of blues recording".^[1] The induction statement noted that the song "became a standard recorded by countless artists in many genres [with] hit singles [and] many other versions by blues,soul,jazz,pop,country, androck performers".^[1] It is also specifically recognized as ablues standard.^[21]

John "Big Nig" Bray, the leader of a crew that hauled cypress logs from Louisiana swamps in the 1930s, borrowed the frame and tune of "See See Rider" for his "Trench Blues" (1934), a semi-autobiographical heroic blues ballad recounting the experience of an African American soldier in World War I, as recorded byAlan Lomax.^[22] "See See Rider" was among the most known African Americanplay party songs in Alabama in the 1950s.^[23]

There are many theories and conjectures about the origin and meaning of the title; none of them have been proven correct, and the song's complex history may make proof impossible. Performers have interpreted the song in more than one way, and have sometimes changed words to suit their interpretations.

The spelling See See Rider might be apronunciation spelling of "C. C. Rider". Many sources indicate that "c. c. rider" refers to either early "church circuit" traveling preachers who did not have established churches or "county circuit" riders who were attorneys following a circuit judge.^[24][25] Debra Devi, a researcher of the language of the blues, recorded a hypothesis that during theAmerican Civil War C.C. stood forCavalry Corporal, a horseman officer. "Riding" is also a commonmetaphor for sexual intercourse in the blues, and "rider" a term for a sexual partner. InAfrican American usage a "rider" can be either male or female.^[26] This folk etymology appears to stem from somebody by the name Alex Washburn who came across this interpretation of "c.c. rider" in a folk song collection by Alan Lomax, a prominent American field researcher of folk music.^[27]

The termsee see rider is sometimes taken as synonymous witheasy rider^[28] (an unscrupulous man living off his lover's earnings). Indirty blues songs, "easy rider" can also refer to a woman who had liberal sexual views, had been married more than once, or was skilled at sex. Likewise, in jazz singer and guitaristWee Bea Booze's version of "See See Rider Blues", which reached number one on the USBillboard R&B chart in 1943, the well audible lyrics are "now your girl come", hence addressing a man.^[29] Another theory is that the term could refer to aprostitute and there would be a lyric such as "You made me love you, now your man done come", "your man" would refer to the woman's pimp. In this interpretation, rather than being directed to a male "easy rider", the song would be an admonition to a prostitute to give up her evil ways.^[30][31]

There are further theories:

• Easy rider was sometimes used to refer to the partner of ahypersexual woman who therefore does not have to work or pay for sex.^[30][31]
• Easy rider sometimes referred to the guitar hung across the back of a travelling blues singer.^[32]
• Big Bill Broonzy states, on his albumBig Bill Broonzy (recorded inBaarn, the Netherlands, early 1956 and released late 1956), that the first time he heard that song was by a man who "loved to be on the water, and that's why he wrote this title, and that's the title of the song: it's 'Sea Sea Rider'".^[33]
• Big Bill Broonzy also states, in a conversation about his youth withBill Randle on his albumThe Bill Broonzy Story (recorded on July 12, 1957), that See See Rider was a blues singer (AVID Roots, Classic Box Set, AMSC1159) before playing the tune.

• "I Wonder Where My Easy Rider's Gone"
• R&B number-one hits of 1943 (USA)

• Partial listing of recorded versions at Secondhandsongs.com
• Joseph Scott: "Elijah Wald and 16-bar blues"

• 1924 songs
• 1957 singles
• 1963 singles
• 1966 singles
• 1940s jazz standards
• Lead Belly songs
• LaVern Baker songs
• The Animals songs
• Elvis Presley songs
• Chuck Willis songs
• RPM Top Singles number-one singles
• Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients
• United States National Recording Registry recordings
• Hokum blues songs
• Rhythm and blues songs
• Blues songs
• Paramount Records singles

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