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Secretary of State for Defence

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom
For the Spanish minister, seeSecretary of State for Defence (Spain).

United Kingdom
Secretary of State for Defence
Incumbent
John Healey
since 5 July 2024
Ministry of Defence
Style
TypeMinister of the Crown
StatusSecretary of State
Member of
Reports toThe Prime Minister
SeatWestminster
NominatorThe Prime Minister
AppointerThe Monarch
(on the advice of thePrime Minister)
Term lengthAt His Majesty's pleasure
Constituting instrumentDefence (Transfer of Functions) Act 1964 section 1(1)(a)
Precursor
Formation1 April 1964
First holderPeter Thorneycroft
DeputyMinister of State for Defence Procurement and Industry
Salary£159,038 per annum(2022)[1]
(including £86,584MP salary)[2]
WebsiteDefence Secretary
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Thesecretary of state for defence, also known as thedefence secretary, is asecretary of state in theGovernment of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for theMinistry of Defence.[3] As a senior minister, the incumbent is a member of theCabinet of the United Kingdom.

The post of secretary of state for defence was created on 1 April 1964, replacing the positions ofminister of defence,first lord of the admiralty,secretary of state for war, andsecretary of state for air, while the individual offices of theBritish Armed Forces were abolished and their functions transferred to the Ministry of Defence. In 2019,Penny Mordaunt became the UK's first female defence secretary.[4]

The secretary of state is supported by the other ministers in theDefence Ministerial Team and theMOD permanent secretary. The correspondingshadow minister is theshadow secretary of state for defence, and the secretary of state is also scrutinised by theDefence Select Committee.[5]

The current secretary of state for defence isJohn Healey, who was appointed on 5 July 2024 following the2024 United Kingdom general election.[6]

Responsibilities

[edit]

In contrast to what is generally known as adefence minister in many other countries, the Defence Secretary's remit includes:

History

[edit]
Principal political leaders of the English/British Armed Forces:
Royal NavyBritish ArmyRoyal Air ForceCo-ordination
1628First Lord of the Admiralty
(1628–1964)
1794Secretary of State for War
(1794–1801)
1801Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
(1801–1854)
1854Secretary of State for War
(1854–1964)
1919Secretary of State for Air
(1919–1964)
1936Minister for Co-ordination of Defence
(1936–1940)
1940Minister of Defence (1940–1964)
1964Secretary of State for Defence (1964–present)


Minister for Co-ordination of Defence (1936–1940)

[edit]
Main article:Minister for Co-ordination of Defence

The position ofminister for co-ordination of defence was aBritish Cabinet-level position established in 1936 to oversee and co-ordinate the rearmament of Britain's defences. It was established by the prime minister,Stanley Baldwin, in response to criticism that Britain's armed forces were understrength compared to those ofNazi Germany. When theSecond World War broke out, the new prime ministerNeville Chamberlain formed a smallWar Cabinet and it was expected that the minister would serve as a spokesperson for the three service ministers, thesecretary of state for war, thefirst lord of the admiralty and thesecretary of state for air; however, political considerations resulted in all three posts being included in the Cabinet, and this role proved increasingly redundant. In April 1940 the position was formally wound up and the functions transferred to other ministers.

MinisterTerm of officePartyMinistry
Thomas Inskip
MP forFareham
(1876–1947)
13 March 193629 January 1939ConservativeBaldwin III
Chamberlain I
Ernle Chatfield
1st Baron Chatfield

(1873–1967)
29 January 19393 April 1940Independent
(National)
Chamberlain War

Minister of Defence (1940–1964)

[edit]
Main articles:Ministry of Defence (1947–1964) andMinister of Defence (United Kingdom)

The post ofminister of defence was responsible for co-ordination of defence and security from its creation in 1940 until its abolition in 1964. The post was aCabinet level post and generally ranked above the three service ministers, some of whom, however, continued to also serve in Cabinet.

On his appointment as prime minister in May 1940,Winston Churchill created for himself the new post of minister of defence. The post was created in response to previous criticism that there had been no clear single minister in charge of the prosecution ofWorld War II. In 1946, the post became the only cabinet-level post representing the military, with the three service ministers – thesecretary of state for war, thefirst lord of the admiralty, and thesecretary of state for air, now formally subordinated to the minister of defence.

PortraitName
(birth–death)
Term of officeTenurePolitical partyMinistry
Took officeLeft office
Winston Churchill
MP forEpping
(1874–1965)
10 May 194027 July 19455 years, 78 daysConservativeChurchill War
Churchill Caretaker
Clement Attlee
MP forLimehouse
(1883–1967)
27 July 194520 December 19461 year, 146 daysLabourAttlee I
A. V. Alexander
MP forSheffield Hillsborough
(1885–1965)
20 December 194628 February 19503 years, 70 daysLabour Co-op
Emanuel Shinwell
MP forEasington
(1884–1986)
28 February 195026 October 19511 year, 240 daysLabourAttlee II
Winston Churchill
MP forWoodford
(1874–1965)
28 October 19511 March 1952127 daysConservativeChurchill III
Harold Alexander
1st Earl Alexander of Tunis

(1891–1969)
1 March 195218 October 19542 years, 231 daysIndependent
Harold Macmillan
MP forBromley
(1894–1986)
18 October 19547 April 1955171 daysConservative
Selwyn Lloyd
MP forThe Wirral
(1904–1978)
7 April 195520 December 1955257 daysConservativeEden
Walter Monckton
MP forBristol West
(1891–1965)
20 December 195518 October 1956303 daysConservative
Antony Head
MP forCarshalton
(1906–1983)
18 October 19569 January 195783 daysConservative
Duncan Sandys
MP forStreatham
(1906–1987)
13 January 195714 October 19592 years, 274 daysConservativeMacmillan I
Harold Watkinson
MP forWoking
(1910–1995)
14 October 195913 July 19622 years, 272 daysConservativeMacmillan II
Peter Thorneycroft
MP forMonmouth
(1909–1994)
13 July 19621 April 19641 year, 263 daysConservative
Douglas-Home

Secretary of State for Defence (1964–present)

[edit]

The post was created in 1964 as successor to the posts of minister for coordination of defence and minister of defence. It replaced the positions offirst lord of the admiralty,secretary of state for war andsecretary of state for air, as theAdmiralty,War Office andAir Ministry were merged into theMinistry of Defence (the secretary of state for war had already ceased to be a cabinet position in 1946, with the creation of the cabinet-levelminister of defence).

Secretary of State for Defence
PortraitName
(birth–death)
Term of officeTenurePartyMinistry
Peter Thorneycroft
MP forMonmouth
(1909–1994)
[8]
1 April 196416 October 1964198 daysConservativeDouglas-Home
Denis Healey
MP forLeeds East
(1917–2015)
[9]
16 October 196419 June 19705 years, 246 daysLabourWilson
(I & II)
Peter Carington
6thBaron Carrington

(1919–2018)
20 June 19708 January 19743 years, 202 daysConservativeHeath
Ian Gilmour
MP forCentral Norfolk
(1926–2007)
[10]
8 January 19744 March 197455 daysConservative
Roy Mason
MP forBarnsley
(1924–2015)
[11]
5 March 19749 September 19762 years, 188 daysLabourWilson
(III & IV)
Fred Mulley
MP forSheffield Park
(1918–1995)
[12]
10 September 19764 May 19792 years, 236 daysLabourCallaghan
Francis Pym
MP forCambridgeshire
(1922–2008)
[13]
5 May 19794 January 19811 year, 244 daysConservativeThatcher I
John Nott
MP forSt Ives
(1932–2024)
[14]
5 January 19815 January 19832 years, 0 daysConservative
Michael Heseltine
MP forHenley
(born 1933)
[15]
6 January 19838 January 19863 years, 2 daysConservativeThatcher II
George Younger
MP forAyr
(1931–2003)
[16][17]
9 January 198623 July 19893 years, 195 daysConservative
Thatcher III
Tom King
MP forBridgwater
(born 1933)
[18]
28 July 19899 April 19922 years, 256 daysConservative
Major I
Malcolm Rifkind
MP forEdinburgh Pentlands
(born 1946)
[19]
10 April 19924 July 19953 years, 85 daysConservativeMajor II
Michael Portillo
MP forEnfield Southgate
(born 1953)
[20]
5 July 19952 May 19971 year, 301 daysConservative
George Robertson
MP forHamilton South
(born 1946)
[21]
3 May 199711 October 19992 years, 161 daysLabourBlair I
Geoff Hoon
MP forAshfield
(born 1953)
[22]
11 October 19996 May 20055 years, 207 daysLabour
Blair II
John Reid
MP forAirdrie and Shotts
(born 1947)
[23]
6 May 20055 May 2006364 daysLabourBlair III
Des Browne
MP forKilmarnock and Loudoun
(born 1952)
[24]
5 May 20063 October 20082 years, 151 daysLabour
Brown
John Hutton
MP forBarrow and Furness
(born 1955)
[25]
3 October 20085 June 2009245 daysLabour
Bob Ainsworth
MP forCoventry North East
(born 1952)
[26]
5 June 200911 May 2010340 daysLabour
Liam Fox
MP forNorth Somerset
(born 1961)
[27][28]
12 May 201014 October 20111 year, 156 daysConservativeCameron–Clegg
(Con.L.D.)
Philip Hammond
MP forRunnymede and Weybridge
(born 1955)
[29][30]
14 October 201115 July 20142 years, 274 daysConservative
Michael Fallon
MP forSevenoaks
(born 1952)
[31][32]
15 July 20141 November 20173 years, 109 daysConservative
Cameron II
May I
May II
Gavin Williamson
MP forSouth Staffordshire
(born 1976)
[33][34]
2 November 20171 May 20191 year, 180 daysConservative
Penny Mordaunt
MP forPortsmouth North
(born 1973)
[35][36]
1 May 201924 July 201984 daysConservative
Ben Wallace
MP forWyre and Preston North
(born 1970)
[37][38]
24 July 201931 August 20234 years, 38 daysConservativeJohnson I
Johnson II
Truss
Sunak
Grant Shapps
MP forWelwyn Hatfield
(born 1968)
[39]
31 August 20235 July 2024309 daysConservative
John Healey
MP forRawmarsh and Conisbrough
(born 1960)
5 July 2024Incumbent1 year, 113 daysLabourStarmer

Timeline

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Salaries of Members of His Majesty's Government – Financial Year 2022–23"(PDF). 15 December 2022.
  2. ^"Pay and expenses for MPs".parliament.uk. Retrieved15 December 2022.
  3. ^"Secretary of State for Defence".gov.uk. Retrieved30 June 2021.
  4. ^"Penny Mordaunt - the UK's first female defence secretary".BBC News. 2 May 2019. Retrieved10 June 2021.Penny Mordaunt has become the UK's first female defence secretary after Gavin Williamson was sacked.
  5. ^"Secretary of State for Defence, Ben Wallace, faces questioning from Defence Committee".parliament.uk. 18 June 2021. Retrieved29 December 2021.
  6. ^"Ministerial Appointments: July 2024".GOV.UK. Retrieved5 July 2024.
  7. ^"Secretary of State for Defence - GOV.UK".www.gov.uk.
  8. ^"Mr Peter Thorneycroft".Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Retrieved2 November 2017.
  9. ^"Lord Healey". UK Parliament. Retrieved2 November 2017.
  10. ^"Lord Gilmour of Craigmillar". UK Parliament. Retrieved2 November 2017.
  11. ^"Lord Mason of Barnsley". UK Parliament. Retrieved2 November 2017.
  12. ^"Lord Mulley". UK Parliament. Retrieved2 November 2017.
  13. ^"Lord Pym". UK Parliament. Retrieved2 November 2017.
  14. ^"Rt Hon Sir John Nott". UK Parliament. Retrieved2 November 2017.
  15. ^"Lord Heseltine". UK Parliament. Retrieved25 July 2021.
  16. ^"Rt Hon Sir George Younger". UK Parliament. Retrieved2 November 2017.
  17. ^George Jones (27 January 2003)."Thatcher's ally George Younger dies at 71". The Telegraph.Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved3 November 2017.
  18. ^"Lord King of Bridgwater". UK Parliament. Retrieved25 July 2021.
  19. ^"Rt Hon Sir Malcolm Rifkind QC". UK Parliament. Retrieved2 November 2017.
  20. ^"Rt Hon Michael Portillo". UK Parliament. Retrieved2 November 2017.
  21. ^"Lord Robertson of Port Ellen". UK Parliament. Retrieved25 July 2021.
  22. ^"Mr Geoffrey Hoon". UK Parliament. Retrieved2 November 2017.
  23. ^"Lord Reid of Cardowan". UK Parliament. Retrieved25 July 2021.
  24. ^"Lord Browne of Ladyton". UK Parliament. Retrieved25 July 2021.
  25. ^"Lord Hutton of Furness". UK Parliament. Retrieved25 July 2021.
  26. ^"Rt Hon Bob Ainsworth". UK Parliament. Retrieved25 July 2021.
  27. ^"Rt Hon Dr Liam Fox MP". UK Parliament. Retrieved25 July 2021.
  28. ^"Who's who in the coalition cabinet".The Guardian. 13 May 2010. Retrieved3 November 2017.
  29. ^"Rt Hon Philip Hammond MP". UK Parliament. Retrieved25 July 2021.
  30. ^"Liam Fox quits as defence secretary". BBC News. 14 October 2011. Retrieved3 November 2017.
  31. ^"Rt Hon Sir Michael Fallon MP". UK Parliament. Retrieved2 November 2017.
  32. ^"Reshuffle at-a-glance: In, out and moved about". BBC News. 15 July 2014. Retrieved3 November 2017.
  33. ^"Rt Hon Gavin Williamson MP". UK Parliament. Retrieved2 November 2017.
  34. ^"Gavin Williamson replaces Michael Fallon as defence secretary". BBC News. 2 November 2017. Retrieved2 November 2017.
  35. ^"Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt MP". UK Parliament. Retrieved25 July 2021.
  36. ^"Gavin Williamson sacked over Huawei leak". 1 May 2019. Retrieved2 May 2019.
  37. ^"Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP". UK Parliament. Retrieved25 July 2021.
  38. ^"Ben Wallace Named New Defence Secretary".Forces Network. 24 July 2019. Retrieved24 July 2019.
  39. ^"Grant Shapps". UK Parliament. Retrieved2 September 2023.

External links

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