_(alternate).jpg) Donald Trump takes theoath of office as the 47thpresident of the United States. | |
| Date | January 20, 2025; 9 months ago (2025-01-20) |
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| Location | United States Capitol, Washington, D.C. |
| Organized by | Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies |
| Participants | Donald Trump 47thPresident of the United States — Assuming office John Roberts Chief Justice of the United States — Administering oath JD Vance 50thVice President of the United States — Assuming office Brett Kavanaugh Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States — Administering oath |
| Website | The 60th Presidential Inauguration Trump Vance Inaugural Committee(archived) |
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Business and personal
45th and 47th President of the United States Tenure
Impeachments   | ||
Theinauguration ofDonald Trump as the 47thpresident of the United States took place on Monday, January 20, 2025. Due to freezing temperatures and high winds, it was held inside theU.S. Capitol rotunda in Washington, D.C. It was the 60th U.S. presidential inauguration and the second inauguration of Trump as U.S. president, marking the commencement of hissecond and final presidential term and the only term ofJD Vance asvice president. It was the second non-consecutive re-inauguration for a U.S. president, after thesecond inauguration of Grover Cleveland in 1893.Trump's first inauguration was exactly eight years earlier, on January 20, 2017.
The event included a swearing-in ceremony, a signing ceremony, an inaugural luncheon, afirst honors ceremony, and then a procession and parade atCapital One Arena.Inaugural balls were held at various venues before and after the inaugural ceremonies. The Capitol rotunda can seat approximately 600 people; the number of attendees has not been disclosed.[1]
The inauguration marked the formal culmination ofDonald Trump's presidential transition that began with hiselection onNovember 6, 2024, him becoming thepresident-elect. Trump and his running mate JD Vance were formally elected by theElectoral College on December 17, 2024.[2] Thevictory was certified by anelectoral vote tally by ajoint session of Congress on January 6, 2025.[3] In accordance withArticle I, Section 6 of theUnited States Constitution, Vance resigned his seat in theU.S. Senate effective midnight on January 10, 2025.[4]
Held on the third Monday of January, the inauguration was on the same day asMartin Luther King Jr. Day, which marked the third time an inauguration occurred on the same date as the holiday, following the second inaugurations ofBill Clinton in 1997 andBarack Obama in 2013 (January 21).[5][6] On January 17, Trump announced the inauguration ceremony would be moved inside to theCapitol rotunda due toexpected cold weather, like the publicsecond inauguration of Ronald Reagan on January 21, 1985.[7][8][9][a]
In May 2024, both houses ofCongress appointed aJoint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies to oversee the construction of the platform and other temporary structures that were expected to be used for the later-canceled outdoor ceremonies and celebrations.[10]
Construction of the inaugural platform ceremonially began on September 18, 2024, with the driving of the firstnail byUnited States senatorAmy Klobuchar using a nail made from iron ore mined and processed from theIron Range in Minnesota.[11]
In October 2024, theUnited States Capitol Police conducted an intelligence assessment that concluded an activist group "with a history of large-scale demonstrations involving illegal activity plans to protest the Inauguration regardless of the outcome" and that other groups protesting theIsrael–Hamas war were "nearly certain to target the Inauguration" regardless of who would be elected president.[12] According to theNew York Times, organizers of the2017 Women's March were committed to recreating it under the refreshed branding "People's March".[13] On January 18, thousands participated in the march, but turnout fell short of the expected 50,000 attendees.[14]
Agencies expected to be involved with planning of the ceremony include the U.S. Capitol Police, theWashington, D.C., Metropolitan Police, and theU.S. Park Police.[15] Twenty-four states offeredNational Guard support for theelectoral vote certification and inaugural ceremonies.[16]
On January 17, approximately 8,000 National Guard soldiers were deputized as special deputy United States marshals, providing them police authority within Washington, D.C.[17]
On November 9, 2024, Trump announced the formation of the Trump Vance Inaugural Committee, Inc., a501(c)(4) organization dedicated to planning inaugural events. The committee co-chairs were real-estate developerSteve Witkoff and former U.S. senatorKelly Loeffler, longtime friends and supporters of Trump.[18][19]
Various technology companies and their leaders pledged donations and services for the inauguration.OpenAI CEOSam Altman said through a spokesperson that he would make a $1 million personal donation.Mark Zuckerberg, the head ofMeta and the parent company of Facebook andInstagram, sent $1 million.[20][21] It was also reported inThe Wall Street Journal that Amazon's CEO,Jeff Bezos, offered to stream the ceremony onAmazon Prime Video, and this amounted to a $1 millionin-kind donation on top of a $1 million cash donation.[22][23]Apple CEOTim Cook personally donated $1 million.Uber and its CEODara Khosrowshahi each agreed to donate $1 million to the inauguration.[24]Alphabet donated $1 million and supported an inauguration livestream with a direct link on the homepage ofYouTube.[25]Microsoft,Adobe, andPerplexity also donated $1 million.[25][26]NPR quotedMargaret O'Mara, a Silicon Valley historian at the University of Washington, as saying these donations were due to some of these tech leaders, having previously been in conflict with Trump, wishing to reduce regulatory pressure on their companies under the incoming administration.[21]
Ford Motor Company andGeneral Motors announced that they would donate $1 million each and provide a fleet of vehicles for the inauguration.[27]Toyota,Chevron,Hyundai, andStellantis also donated $1 million.[28][26][29]
Various financial services businesses and their leaders donated at least $1 million, includingGoldman Sachs,Bank of America,JPMorgan,Kraken,Coinbase,Intuit,Robinhood,Ken Griffin,Ripple, and Ondo Finance.[25][30][29]
Major donors from the telecommunications industry includedAT&T,Comcast, andCharter Communications.[24]
Major donors from the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry includedPhRMA,Pfizer, andHims & Hers.[31]
Major donors from the manufacturing and industrial sector includedStanley Black & Decker,Pratt Industries,Boeing, andLockheed Martin.[24][32][33][26]
Other major donors includedDelta Air Lines andMcDonald's.[26][29]
In April 2025, it was reported that $239 million was donated to Trump's inaugural committee, more than doubling the previous record of $107 million raised for Trump's 2017 inauguration,[34] including 29 gifts totaling $13 million from subsidiaries of companies based outside the United States.[35]
On the morning of January 19, Trump and Vice President-elect Vance visited theArlington National Cemetery, where they placed a wreath at theTomb of the Unknown Soldier.[36] They were joined by family members of some of the victims of the2021 Kabul airport attack.[36]
On the evening of January 19, the Trump campaign organized the "Make America Great Again Victory Rally", a rally for supporters atCapital One Arena in Washington, D.C. The event featured performances byKid Rock and Lee Greenwood, as well as speeches by Trump andMegyn Kelly.[37] Trump also performedhis signature dance to a rendition of "Y.M.C.A." performed byVillage People, who joined him on stage.[38]
On the morning of the inauguration, on January 20, after staying the night at theBlair House, the traditional house used by the incoming president-elect due to its proximity to theWhite House,[citation needed] Trump and his wife,Melania, and JD Vance and his wife,Usha, attended a church service atSt. John's Episcopal Church. Every president sinceJames Madison has attended the church at least once[39][40], while every president sinceFranklin D. Roosevelt has attended it on the day of their inauguration.[41] The service was led byRobert Jeffress, aSouthern Baptist minister who campaigned for Trump during the election.[42]
After the church service, Trump and his wife went to the White House to meet with PresidentJoe Biden andFirst LadyJill Biden. The Bidens greeted the Trumps, and they then posed for photos in front of theWhite House press corps.[43] Afterward, they held a tea reception inside the White House, along with Vice PresidentKamala Harris and her husband,Doug Emhoff, and JD Vance and his wife, Usha Vance.[44][45] As per tradition, following the meeting between the president and the president-elect, they shared thepresidential motorcade limousine, and made their way to the Capitol for the inaugural ceremony.[46]
The transfer of power included the transition of official administration X (formerly namedTwitter) accounts @POTUS and @VP. Members of theTrump administration also assumed ownership of a number of institutional accounts, including @WhiteHouse, @FLOTUS forFirst Lady Melania Trump, @SLOTUS forSecond Lady Usha Vance, @WHCOS forWhite House chief of staffSusie Wiles, and @PressSec forWhite House press secretaryKaroline Leavitt.[47] New executive branch websites were initialized; previous administrations' websites reside in theNational Archives.[48]
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Trump's inauguration marked the first time that a U.S. president-elect formally welcomed foreign leaders to the ceremony.[49]
Outgoing U.S. presidentJoe Biden (who defeated Trump in2020 and was inaugurated as the 46th president in2021), outgoing U.S. vice presidentKamala Harris (who had been Trump's main opponent in2024), former U.S. presidentsBill Clinton,George W. Bush, andBarack Obama (whom Trump first succeeded in2017) attended the inauguration. Former first ladiesHillary Clinton (Trump's former opponent in2016) andLaura Bush also attended the inauguration, but former first ladyMichelle Obama was absent.[50] Former U.S. vice presidentsDan Quayle andMike Pence (whoserved under Trump during hisfirst term) and former second ladyMarilyn Quayle were also in attendance, while former vice presidentsAl Gore andDick Cheney and former second ladyKaren Pence were absent. New York mayorEric Adams and media proprietorRupert Murdoch also attended the inauguration.[51][52]
Chinese presidentXi Jinping was invited to the ceremony, but sent vice presidentHan Zheng as his special representative instead.[53][54] This marked the first time a senior official of China's government was sent to a US presidential inauguration.[55] El Salvador's presidentNayib Bukele and Italian prime ministerGiorgia Meloni were also reportedly invited.[56] Israeli prime ministerBenjamin Netanyahu initially planned to attend,[57] but ultimately did not after not receiving a formal invitation.[58] Argentine presidentJavier Milei[59] and the last democratically-elected Georgian presidentSalome Zourabichvili had been reportedly planning to attend.[60][61] Former Brazilian presidentJair Bolsonaro has indicated that he was an invitee, but he would have needed his confiscated passport to be returned by the government in order to travel.[62] Russia confirmed that PresidentVladimir Putin did not receive an invitation.[63] Trump stated that he had not invited PresidentVolodymyr Zelenskyy to his inauguration but expressed willingness to welcome him if he decided to attend.[64] Current BritishPrime MinisterKeir Starmer did not attend the inauguration,[65] while former British prime ministersBoris Johnson andLiz Truss attended.[66][67] Ecuadorian presidentDaniel Noboa, first ladyLavinia Valbonesi, and Paraguayan presidentSantiago Peña were also planning to attend.[68]Edmundo González, whom the U.S. government recognizes as the winner of the2024 Venezuelan presidential election, also reportedly attended.[69]
The foreign ministers ofQuad nations,S. Jaishankar from India,Penny Wong from Australia, andTakeshi Iwaya from Japan, also attended the inauguration. They were expected to meet with Trump the day after the ceremony for discussions.[70][71][72]
A number ofright-wing populist politicians attended the inauguration.[73] FrenchReconquête politiciansÉric Zemmour andSarah Knafo,National Rally politiciansLouis Aliot,Julien Sanchez, andAlexandre Sabatou, andIdentity–Liberties leaderMarion Maréchal, attended the ceremony.[74][75][76] SpanishVox leaderSantiago Abascal, BelgianVlaams Belang leaderTom Van Grieken,Reform UK leaderNigel Farage,Alternative for Germany (AfD) co-leaderTino Chrupalla,Estonian Conservative People's Party leaderMartin Helme,Alliance for the Union of Romanians leaderGeorge Simion,Danish People's Party leaderMorten Messerschmidt, PortugueseChega leaderAndre Ventura, HungarianFidesz vice-presidentKinga Gál, and former Polish Prime MinisterMateusz Morawiecki were also in attendance.[73][77][78][79][80][81] From the CzechPatriots.eu representation were invitedANO MEPOndřej Knotek and vice president of thePatriots for Europe MEPKlára Dostálová,PřísahasenatorRobert Šlachta, MEPFilip Turek from theMotorists for Themselves, as well as their founder and leaderPetr Macinka, the latter of whom – as manager of theVáclav Klaus Institute – was also invited to theFoster's Outriders Foundation inauguration ball at theMuseum of the Bible to meet Tucker Carlson andRick Santorum. AfD Members of theBundestagJan Wenzel Schmidt andBeatrix von Storch alongside her husbandSven von Storch have confirmed their attendance.[82] AfD co-leaderAlice Weidel,[82]Freedom Party of Austria leaderHerbert Kickl, and BulgarianRevival leaderKostadin Kostadinov were invited, but did not attend the ceremony.[83][84]Hristijan Mickoski, Prime Minister of North Macedonia, was invited to the inauguration.[85]
Numerous businesspeople includingBernard Arnault,Delphine Arnault,Sergey Brin,Elon Musk,Jeff Bezos, andMark Zuckerberg, amongthe world's richest people, attended the inauguration.[86][87] They had a prominent role at the event, seated together on the platform alongside other distinguished guests, including Cabinet nominees and elected officials.[88]TikTok CEOShou Zi Chew attended the inauguration.[89]Alphabet'sSundar Pichai,Apple'sTim Cook,OpenAI'sSam Altman,Reliance'sMukesh Ambani, andUber'sDara Khosrowshahi also attended the event.[86][90][91]Las Vegas Sands ownerMiriam Adelson also attended the ceremony.[92]
Several celebrities and sports figures – includingVictor Willis,Carrie Underwood (who sang "America the Beautiful"),Christopher Macchio (who sang thenational anthem),Antonio Brown,Mike Tyson,Jorge Masvidal,Evander Kane,Gianni Infantino,Anuel AA,Justin Quiles,Rod Wave,Kodak Black,Lee Greenwood,Fivio Foreign,Jake andLogan Paul,Theo Von,Conor McGregor,Danica Patrick,Dana White,Joe Rogan, andWayne Gretzky – attended the ceremony.[93][94][95][96] Media personalitiesCharlie Kirk,Laura Ingraham, andTucker Carlson also attended the event.[97][98]
 | This section needs to beupdated. The reason given is: Inauguration was moved indoors with events such as the procession being altered or replaced entirely Secondly the event has now happened so event times and phrasing need to be altered.. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(January 2025) |
An order of events for the January 20, 2025, inauguration was published by the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies and theNational Park Service.[99][5][100][9]
| Event | Time | Location | Description | References(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Swearing-In Ceremony | 12:00 p.m.ET | United States Capitol, rotunda | During the swearing-in ceremony, the president-elect and vice president-elect took the oaths of office, and then the new president delivered the inaugural address. | [7][101][100] |
| President's Room | Following the swearing-in ceremony, the president withdrew to the President's Room (Room S-216), where he had a photo portrait made and signed transitional documents. | [5][101][102] | |
 Inaugural Luncheon | National Statuary Hall | The president and vice president attended an inaugural luncheon with Supreme Court justices, leaders of the Senate and House of Representatives, as well as family and other invited guests. | [5][101][100][103] | |
 Pass-in-Review | Emancipation Hall at theCapitol Visitor Center | After the luncheon, the president and vice president reviewed the military forces that formed the processional escort, including theCommander-in-Chief's Guard, the"President's Own" United States Marine Band, and others. | [104] | |
 Procession | Pennsylvania Avenue | Joined by the military escort, the president traveled in thepresidential state car. | [5][101] | |
 Parade | 3:00 p.m. ET | Capital One Arena | A parade, consisting of military and civilian marching and performance units from each of the states, traditionally proceeds past the reviewing stand in front of the White House. Due to inclement weather, this was moved indoors and took place at Capital One Arena. | [5][8][105] |
Supreme Court Associate JusticeBrett Kavanaugh administered thevice presidential oath of office to JD Vance. It was the first time since1969 thatHail, Columbia wasn't played for the new vice president immediately upon taking the oath.Chief JusticeJohn Roberts administered thepresidential oath of office to Donald Trump. Trump's wife, Melania, held two Bibles for Trump to place his left hand on while reciting the oath, in accordance with custom, but he did not do so.[106] This is merely a tradition; incoming presidents are not required to place their hand on the Bibles.[107]
President Trump's inaugural address started with references to theindictments against him, which he described as unfounded and politically motivated, followed by the announcement of the new administration's policy priorities, including immigration restrictions, the easing of environmental regulations, anti-DEI and anti-gender ideology policies, the establishment of aDepartment of Government Efficiency, and a negotiated settlement to theRusso-Ukrainian war. Trump defined his presidency as the beginning of a golden era for America.[108][109][110][111]
The Washington Post described Trump's inaugural address as attempting to emphasize unity, but as his speeches usually do, it veered off course and came off as "dark".[112] Through the course of it, Trump made numerous false, inaccurate and exaggerated claims.[113][114] He described himself as chosen by God, and that he was "tested and challenged more than any president in our 250-year history," whichThe Post noted would place himself above every other president in U.S. history, includingGeorge Washington andAbraham Lincoln. Trump invoked the phrase "Manifest Destiny" as he described an expansionist agenda, and criticized Democrats and other leaders.[112][115]NPR said the speech gave the American public a better idea of what Trump's policies and directives would be, noted he spoke nothing of theJanuary 6th U.S. Capitol attack nor his prior promises of political retribution, and pointed out his derision of theoutgoing administration, in front of Biden and Harris, the former president and vice president.[116]
Invocations preceding the inaugural address were offered by CardinalTimothy M. Dolan,Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, and Rev.Franklin Graham of theBilly Graham Evangelistic Association. Benedictions were offered by PastorLorenzo Sewell, RabbiAri Berman, and Father Frank Mann,Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn.[117]ImamHusham Al-Husainy, a Muslim cleric fromDearborn, Michigan, was initially on the program but did not speak or appear at the event.[118]
After the inaugural ceremony, President Donald Trump, First Lady Melania Trump, Vice President JD Vance and Second Lady Usha Vance escorted former president Joe Biden and former first lady Jill Biden to a departure ceremony on the east side of the U.S. Capitol. The Trumps exchanged remarks and bid farewell to the Bidens at the base of the helicopter that would transport them toJoint Base Andrews, and then returned to the steps of the Capitol building where they waved as the Bidens' helicopter took off. Meanwhile, Harris and Emhoff took a limousine and then they boarded a plane forLos Angeles.[citation needed]
Customarily, inaugural balls are held at various venues before and after the inaugural ceremonies.[119] Official balls, at which the president and first lady appear, are organized by the inaugural committee, while unofficial balls are not.[119]
Three official inaugural balls occurred, at which performers includingNelly,Rascal Flatts, andJason Aldean appeared.[120] A larger number of unofficial balls were organized.[120]
Approximately 24.6 million total viewers watched the inauguration across 15 networks. The viewership number peaked at 34.4 million when Trump took the oath of office at 12:15 PM ET.[121] Viewership was lower than that ofBiden's 2021 inauguration as well as Trump's first inauguration in 2017.[122][123] The figures below,Nielsen data sourced fromAdweek, do not include streaming figures.[121]
Legend
| Total viewers 11:30 AM to 1:00 PMEST
| Total viewers 12:00 to 1:00 PM EST
| Total viewers (prime time) 8:00 to 11:00 PM EST
|
Several members of theDemocratic Party in the119th Congress decided to boycott the inauguration. This boycott was perceived as an initial opposition to the incoming administration.[124]
Multiple reasons were given for the decision to boycott, including the event coinciding withMartin Luther King Jr. Day events and memories from theJanuary 6 United States Capitol attack.[125] As of December 14, below is a list of House Democrats who publicly stated they would not be attending the inauguration:[126][127][128]
Protest rallies and marches occurred in cities and towns all over the United States the weekend before and on the day of the inauguration. Organizers of theWomen's March (which first took place the day afterTrump's first inauguration and every year thereafter) rebranded their event thePeople's March and had events in at least 70locations. The People's March was co-organized with Abortion Rights Now,Sierra Club,Planned Parenthood,ACLU andNational Women's Law Center.[130] Attendance at one of the Washington marches was, according to theAssociated Press, "far fewer than the expected 50,000 participants, already just one-tenth the size of the first [2017] march".[131]
"We Fight Back" rallies, organized by thePeople's Forum,Party for Socialism and Liberation, theANSWER Coalition,Democratic Socialists of America,Dream Defenders,CODEPINK, labor unions, tenant unions and other groups were held in 90 locations.[132][133][134][135]
Around the world,anti-Trump protests occurred at consulates and elsewhere in Mexico City, London, Paris, Brussels,[136] Amsterdam, Berlin, Edinburgh, Lisbon, Prague, Warsaw,[137] Panama City,[138] and Manila.[139]
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)analysis by the highly-respected Press Association shows that no British prime minister has ever attended the inauguration of an American president
Donald Trump's government is set to recognise only two genders, male and female
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