TheSecond League of Prizren was an organisation founded byAlbanian officials in occupiedKingdom of Yugoslavia, modern-dayKosovo in September 1943 to campaign for the ethnic unification of Albanians inAlbania.
From 1918, Kosovo was integrated into the newly formed Kingdom of Yugoslavia and ethnic Albanians in Kosovo faced forced evacuation by the Yugoslav government to Albania orTurkey.[1]
As a result, theItalian occupation of Albania in 1939 encouraged many leading Albanians to lobby the Italians to incorporate areas with sizeable Albanian populations like Kosovo into Albania and were encouraged byMussolini's support of theGreater Albania ideology. However, the Italian surrender on 3 September 1943 stymied these dreams temporarily and attention was turned to the Germans who had occupiedDebar and westernMacedonia.
Bedri Pejani, a political leader who supported an expanded Albanian state that included all Albanian people, wrote toReichsführer-SSHeinrich Himmler to request his assistance in establishing a Greater Albania. In return he offered to help raise an Albanian fighting force to work with the GermanWehrmacht to achieve this aim. Himmler agreed to the request and ordered the formation of two ethnic Albanian Waffen SS Divisions and sponsored the foundation of the Albanian nationalist organisation which became the Second League of Prizren.[citation needed]
Named in honour of the originalLeague of Prizren, founded in 1878 to fight for Albania's independence, the aim of the Second League of Prizren was to ensure the continuation ofGreater Albania.[2] Pejani was appointed President of the League andAlbanian Prime MinisterRexhep Mitrovica as chairman of the central committee.[citation needed]Aćif Hadžiahmetović andCafo Beg Ulqini[3] were appointed as members of the central committee.[4]
The Albanian Quisling government campaigned unsuccessfully for the transfer of the northern tip of Kosovo to Albania which remained under direct German governance, but raised volunteers to fight against the army and police forces ofYugoslavia. The Second of League of Prizren maintained the Albanian Ljuboten battalion initially formed by the Italian occupation forces. In conjunction with theWaffen SS, the Second League of Prizren also formed theAlbanian Skanderbeg SS Division to maintain the military occupation of the Macedonian andSerbian Orthodox Slavic populations. As a result, 6,491 ethnic Albanians were drafted into the Waffen SS, as well as an additional 300 ethnic Albanians who were serving with theBosnian Muslim 13th Waffen Gebirgs Division who were transferred to the Skanderbeg Division.[citation needed]
The SS Skanderbeg was heavily fought by Albanian and Yugoslav partisans, including Kosovo partisans ofFadil Hoxha. The strength of the partisans in Kosovo had somehow increased after 1943 Italian surrender, but the pro-German units were an opponent especially when it came to recruiting people. SS Skanderbeg had a propagandist advantage which caused the partisan units to much trouble in recruiting, especially after summer of 1944 when the partisans ofEnver Hoxha agreed to Yugoslav claims of recognizing the borders of before World War II, which automatically left Kosovo and westernMacedonia out of Albania.[5]
The Skanderbeg Division was poorly trained and ill suited to warfare and performed poorly. On 30 August 1944, the Skanderbeg Division was forced to retreat from Debar and the League began to lose any influence it had with Germany. The retreat of German forces from Albania ensured the end of the League, although Communist officials were methodical in their retribution against League members.[citation needed]
