TheSecond Chen–Chiang summit (Chinese:第二次陳江會談;pinyin:Dì Èr Cì Chén Jiāng Huìtán) was part of a series of theChen-Chiang summit ofcross-strait meetings. It was the first major meeting between theAssociation for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS) andStraits Exchange Foundation (SEF) leaders in Taiwan.[1] The meeting lasted from November 3 to 7, 2008 inTaipei,Taiwan.[2][3]
In the past, planes had to fly intoHong Kong airspace while traveling between the two sides. At the time, the meeting was one of the highest-level exchanges between officials from mainland China and Taiwan since 1949, when theKuomintang, the party led byChiang Kai-shek, lost theChinese Civil War to theCommunists and retreated to Taiwan.
Earlier, on October 21, 2008, another Chinese envoy,Zhang Mingqing (張銘清), was pushed to the ground byTaiwan Independence activists in a scuffle inTainan while visiting Taiwan.[4] As a result, Taiwan police decided to mobilize a total of 7,000 officers for Chen's protection.[3]
Opposition to Chen's visit alsosparked massive peaceful rallies and protests organised by the opposition DPP on 25 October 2008. Preliminary estimates place the number of protesters at around 500,000.[5][6][7] Protesters accused PresidentMa Ying-jeou "of making too many concessions and moving too fast in relaxing restrictions on trade and investment with China."[7]
The night before the first day meeting,Chen Yun-lin was trapped by protesters at the Grand Formosa Regent Taipei hotel, while attending a banquet. Hundreds of protesters surrounded the hotel, chanting, throwing eggs and burningChinese flags, according to news agencies. The riot police clashed with the protesters, and dozens of people were injured.[8][9]
Following an invitation issued by the SEF at the first meeting, the head of ARATS, Chen Yunlin, began a visit toTaiwan on 3 November 2008.[10] Items on the agenda raised by SEF Chairman Chiang Pin-kung included direct maritime shipping, chartered cargo flights, direct postal service, and co-operation in ensuring food safety, in response to the2008 Chinese milk scandal,[10] while ARATS chairman Chen Yunlin raised the matters of direct freight service, and opening up air routes that directly cross the Taiwan Strait. Previous routes avoided crossing the Strait for security reasons, with planes detouring through Hong Kong or Japan air control areas.[11] Chen paid a visit to the wife ofKoo Chen-fu, a former SEF chairman who died in 2005.[2]
The official talk between leaders of the SEF and ARATS was held in the morning of November 4. Both sides held press conferences.[2] On November 4, 2008,mainland China'sChen Yun-lin met with his Taiwanese counterpart,Chiang Pin-kung, head of Taiwan'sStraits Exchange Foundation (SEF). Together, they signed the2008 Taiwan-China Cross Straits Economic Pact providing for direct passenger flights across the 100-mile-wideTaiwan Strait that separates Taiwan frommainland China.
ARATS and SEF signed a number of agreements in Taipei. The agreement relating to direct passenger flights increased the number of charter flights from 36 to 108 per week, operating daily instead of the four days a week previously. Flights would now operate to and from 21 Chinese cities. Flights would also take a more direct route. Private business jet flights would also be allowed. The agreement relating to cargo shipping allowed direct shipping between 11 seaports in Taiwan and 63 in China. The shipping would be tax-free. The agreement relating to cargo flights provided for up to 60 direct cargo flights per month. Finally, an agreement was made to set upfood safety alerts between the two sides.[12]
In a conference at theTaipei Guest House, Ma reiterated his three-point China policy of “no independence,” “no unification” and “no war” across the strait. Ma said Chen signed four agreements withChiang Pin-kung, chairman of theStraits Exchange Foundation (SEF), on shortened air routes, direct maritime shipping, better mail service and food safety.[13]
In the morning, Chen met Legislative SpeakerWang Jin-pyng, attended the opening of two cross-straits seminars and lunched withPeople First Party chairmanJames Soong. During the afternoon, he toured theHsinchu Science Park. Chen Yun-lin's final public engagement was a dinner with Kuomintang chairmanWu Poh-hsiung at Taipei's Grand Formosa Regent Hotel. The venue became a magnet for hundreds of protesters.[14] Ma pointed out, “the Republic of China is an independent, sovereign state which has existed for 97 years. That is the fact nobody can change!"[15]
PresidentMa Ying-jeou met with Chen Yun-lin at theTaipei Guest House at 11:00 am on November 6, 2008.[8][16] The meeting between Ma and Chen lasted only five minutes. The two officials exchanged gifts. Chen presented Ma with a painting of a horse (Ma'ssurname means horse), and Ma gave Chen a piece of fine porcelain.[8]
Chen offeredNyssaceae seedlings, a rare plant that only grows inmainland China, to Ma, along with twopandas. In return Ma offered an indigenous goatnaemorhedus swinhoei and aspotted deer as gifts.[17]
Consistent with the 1992 Consensus, Chen did not refer to Ma as "President".[18][19] Similarly, the representatives from Taiwan did not refer to the PRC leader Hu Jintao as "President of China", but called him "CCP General Secretary" in the previous meeting in Beijing.
Chen addressed Ma asYou, and avoided addressing Ma as president. Doing so would have implied that the mainland recognizes the legitimacy of theRepublic of China. The question of how Chen would address Ma was much discussed by political analysts on both sides.[8]
On November 7, 2008, Chen andChiang Pin-kung participated in a farewell ceremony at theGrand Hotel in Taipei.[20]
Democratic Progressive Party chairwomanTsai Ing-wen (蔡英文) criticized the government for taking Taiwan back tomartial law for the sake of one Chinese visitor.[14]
President Ma Ying-jeou blamed unruly protesters on poor organization on the part of the opposition Democratic Progressive Party and its chairwoman, Tsai Ing-wen. Ma also accused DPP Secretary-General Wang Tuo of reneging on his promise of peaceful demonstrations.[21] Ma described Tsai's managing of protests as a "road [Tsai] knows little about and a thing she is not good at doing" which yielded "unexpected consequences."[22] All told, the police department reported 149 of its officers injured during the protests.[23]
About 400 students, led by assistant professor of sociology atNational Taiwan University Lee Ming-tsung (李明璁), started the sit-in in front of theExecutive Yuan on November 6 at noon after violent oppression of previous protest by policemen. The students call themselvesWild Strawberry student movement and believe that police, while protecting the safety of Chen and his delegation, acted improperly and thatfreedom of speech had been suppressed.[24] The sit-ins now lasting for over a month have three demands
An 80-year-old man, a former KMT member named Liu Bai-yan (劉柏煙),sets himself on fire atTaipei Liberty Square. He suffered from 80% body burns.[25] His suicide note referred to Chen as follows: "When Chen Yun-lin met with the President [Ma Ying-jeou], he pointed his finger at the President, saying "you, you, you". I think, the President looked quite content, smiling a little. Is the President's name "you, you, you"? As a member of Kuomintang, I am embarrassed by this display. If the mainland sends over someone higher, shouldn't the President kneel?"[26] Liu died on December 14, 2008.[27]
During Chen's visit to Taipei, he was met with a series of strong protests directed at himself and Ma Ying-jeou, some of which were violent withMolotov cocktails being thrown by the protesters at riot police. A series of arrests were made after the protests.[28][29] Local police reported that 149 of its officers were injured during the opposition protests.[30]
Government's polls have suggested that Chen Yunlin's visit and the government's policy of normalising cross-strait relations have support of 50% to 60% of the Taiwanese population.[31][32]
The polls in two of Taiwan's biggest newspapers after the visit still reported that about 50% of the Taiwanese public considered Chen's visit to have a positive effect on Taiwan's development, while 20% of the respondents thought the effect would be negative.[33]The China Post reported that some polls have indicated that the public may be pleased with Chen's visit, with about 50% of the Taiwanese public considering Chen's visit to have a positive effect on Taiwan's development, while 18 to 26% of the respondents thought the effect would be negative.[34] In another poll, it suggested that 26% of the respondents were satisfied with the DPP Chairwoman Tsai Ing-wen's handling of the crowds in the series of protests, while 53% of the respondents were unsatisfied. The same poll also showed that 33% of the respondents were satisfied with President Ma's performance at his meeting with Chen Yunlin, while 32% of the respondents were not satisfied.[35]
