John James 'Sean' Kelly (born 24 May 1956)[5] is an Irish former professionalroad bicycle racer, one of the most successful road cyclists of the 1980s, and one of the finestClassics riders of all time. From becoming a professional in 1977 until his retirement in 1994, he won 193 professional races, including nineMonument Classics,Paris–Nice a record seven years consecutively and the firstUCI Road World Cup in 1989. Kelly won oneGrand Tour, the 1988Vuelta a España, and fourgreen jerseys in theTour de France. He achieved multiple victories in theGiro di Lombardia,Milan–San Remo,Paris–Roubaix andLiège–Bastogne–Liège, as well as three runners-up placings in the only Monument he failed to win, theTour of Flanders. Other victories include theGrand Prix des Nations and stage races, theCritérium International,Tour de Suisse,Tour of the Basque Country andVolta a Catalunya.
Kelly twice won bronze medals (1982, 1989) in theRoad World Championships Elite Men's Road Race and finished fifth in 1987, the year compatriotStephen Roche won gold. When theFICP rankings became established in March 1984, Kelly was the first cyclist to be ranked World No.1, a position he held for a record five consecutive years. In the 1984 season, Kelly achieved 33 victories.
Kelly is the second son of Jack (John) and Nellie Kelly, a farming family in Curraghduff,County Waterford.[6] He was born at Belleville Maternity Home inWaterford City on 24 May 1956.[2][3][7] He was named John James Kelly after his father and was referred to as "Sean" to avoid confusion at home.[2]Seán is the Irish form of John.[8]
For eight years he was educated at CrehanaNational School, County Waterford, to which he travelled with his older brother Joe.[9] The journey from home in Curraghduff to Crehana School was approximately a-mile-and-a-half.[9] Together, both he and Sean cycled to and from school.[9] Joe later recollects: "I suppose we were like most young fellows at that age – walking was too dull."[9] Official records from his days at Crehana National School confirm Kelly's satisfactory attendance.[9] At school, he was exceedingly shy, unsure of himself and felt intellectually outclassed by other pupils in his class.[9] As a result, Kelly retreated into almost total silence.[9] His education ended aged only 13 when he left school to help on the farm at home after his father went to a hospital in Waterford with an ulcer.[10] At 16, he began work as a bricklayer.[11]
In September 1969, a delegation from the newly formed Carrick Wheelers Road Club visited the Christian BrothersSecondary School, where Joe was a student.[12] In Joe's classroom, the representatives from the cycling club encouraged the pupils to join a recently formed schoolboy cycling league.[12] Joe was fascinated.[12] He joined the schoolboy league, began winning races, and joined the Carrick Wheelers Road Club as a new member.[12] In the Kelly household, the pattern was for Joe to do something, and Sean would follow in his footsteps.[12] And so it was, from humble beginnings, Sean soon joined Joe.[12] On Tuesday, 4 August 1970, aged 14, Sean competed in his first race at Kennedy Terrace,Carrickbeg, County Tipperary, part ofCarrick-on-Suir.[12] The race was an eight-mile (12.87 km) handicap, which meant the weaker riders started first and the best last.[13] Kelly set off three minutes before the backmarkers, which included his brother Joe.[14] He was still three minutes ahead of the pursuers when the course turned for home after four miles (6.43 km) and more than three minutes in the lead when he crossed the finish line.[14] In July 1972, aged 16, he won theNational Junior Road Championships atBanbridge,County Down.[15]
Kelly won the National Junior Road Championships again in 1973.[16] He took a senior cycling license in 1974, passing up the opportunity to bid for a third consecutive National Junior Road title.[17] In 1974, aged only 17, two months short of his eighteenth birthday, Kelly won theShay Elliott Memorial Race.[17] That season he participated in theTour of Ireland and the Tour of Scotland and achieved ten victories as a senior competitor while still eligible to race as a junior.[17] In 1975, Kelly successfully defended his title, winning the Shay Elliott Memorial Race for the second time.[18] He won three stages of the 1975Tour of Ireland and the mountains jersey.[11] Kelly won stage 7 of the 1975Tour of Britain, beatingSwedeBernt Johansson andPolish rider Jan Trybala in a three-waysprint.[19][20] Johansson becameOlympic Road Race Champion inMontreal a year later.[21] Kelly's exploits at the 1975 Tour of Britain caught the eye of a Londoner, John Morris,[n 1] who had connections with amateur Velo Club Metz inMetz, France.[11] Morris informed Metz of Kelly's potential.[11][23] In August 1975, Alain Steinhoff, a member of the Metz club,[22] travelled to theWorld Championships in Belgium, where Kelly was competing in theamateur road race.[24] Steinhoff offered Kelly a place on the amateur team V. C Metz-Woippy.[24] Kelly assured Steinhoff that he would consider the offer and promised to contact the club sometime during the following winter.[25] Club Metz heard nothing from Kelly during the winter because his focus of attention shifted to competing in the Rapport Toer stage race inSouth Africa as preparation for the 1976Olympic Games.[25]
In late September 1975, Kelly and two other Irish riders,Pat andKieron McQuaid went to South Africa to participate in the Rapport Toer stage race in preparation for the 1976Olympic Games inMontreal, Canada.[11][26] Because of an international ban on athletes competing in South Africa, as a consequence of a protest againstapartheid, the three Irish cyclists and two Scottish, John Curran and Henry Wilbraham, competed as a British team under false names.[27] The squad were called "Mum for Men" and managed by Tommy Shardelow.[n 2][29] When theIrish Cycling Federation received news of their escapades in South Africa, Kelly and the McQuaids incurred a seven-month suspension from racing,[30] reduced after an appeal to six months.[30] Kelly and the McQuaids returned to competitive racing at the end of April 1976.[30][31][32]
After resuming racing, Kelly won the Tour of the North inUlster, Ireland and theCinturón a Mallorca inMallorca, Spain.[33] He also won one stage at the 1976Tour of Britain[18] and one at the 1976Tour of Ireland.[34] On 29 May 1976,[35] Kelly, Pat and Kieron McQuaid, as a consequence of their participation in the Rapport Toer in South Africa, were barred from the 1976Olympic Games by theInternational Olympic Committee.[36] It's misinformation that the ban from the Olympics was for life.[37]
With the dream of competing at the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal now shattered, Kelly suddenly required an alternative plan for the rest of the summer to fill the gut-wrenching void.[25] He cast his mind back to Velo Club Metz's interest in August 1975 and penned a short letter to them asking what they could offer.[25] He received a swift reply, offering free accommodation,£25 per week and free replacements for cycling equipment impaired during races.[25] Kelly accepted the proposition and travelled to Metz in mid-June 1976.[25] Soon after arriving, his motivation grew when he learned Velo Club Metz had an arrangement that a rider would pocket four francs a kilometre for every race won.[25] During the five months he spent with Velo Club Metz, Kelly was victorious in eighteen of the twenty-five races he started, including his most prestigious win, thePiccolo Giro di Lombardia in Italy.[25]
Kelly's time with Velo Club Metz proved lucrative as he returned home to Ireland£800 richer.[38] The money earned made cycling with Metz worthwhile.[38] He told club officials he would return to V.C Metz-Woippy for the 1977 season.[38] Not long after returning home, Kelly contacted Pat McQuaid, asking if he'd be interested in going to Metz with him.[39] McQuaid immediately agreed to go.[n 3][41] In early November 1976, Velo Club Metz flew Kelly and McQuaid to London.[41] Metz sent a delegate to meet them there.[41] With the assistance of the club representative and Londoner John Morris, proposals were accepted, which would cover the two Irish amateurs in Metz for the 1977 season.[41] The bonus scheme offered was substantially better than what Kelly had acquired in his first season with Metz.[41]
During Kelly's stint with Velo Club Metz in the 1976 season, an impressive stage win at the Tour de Haute-Marne in Northeastern France caught the attention of Jean-Pierre Douçot.[42] Douçot, a former amateur cyclist, was a mechanic and talent scout in eastern France.[42] Jean-Pierre informedJean de Gribaldy, adirecteur sportif fromBesançon who was putting together a French squad for the Belgian professional team,Flandria–Velda–Latina Assicurazioni, of Kelly's potential.[42] Later, Kelly's win at the end of the season on 2 October 1976 in the Piccolo Giro di Lombardia[25] left an indelible impression, which convinced de Gribaldy to act upon Douçot's earlier recommendation.[40]
On 9 December 1976, a private jet was flown fromDole Airport, near Besançon and landed atDublin Airport.[41][43] Onboard was directeur sportif Jean de Gribaldy, pilot Bernard Dagot and a youthful French amateur cyclist, Noël Converset.[41][44] Dagot, ChiefAir Traffic Controller at Dole Airport, spokefluent English and hislinguistic skills earned him the role of aninterpreter.[41] Converset, Kelly's teammate at Metz, was taken to Ireland to identify Kelly and assist in the recruitment process.[41][44] The three Frenchmen hired ataxi in Dublin to take them to Carrick-on-Suir.[45] Upon arrival in Carrick-on-Suir, they were given directions to Kelly's home in rural Curraghduff.[45] Arriving unexpectedly, Jack and Nellie Kelly greeted them.[45] Sean, who wasn't at home, was out driving a tractor.[45] The trio decided to drive out theDungarvan road in the hope that they would discover Kelly on his trip back home in the tractor.[43] Soon they encountered a tractor, driven by a young man, travelling towards them.[45][43] De Gribaldy asked Converset, "Is that Kelly?" to which the uncertain Converset[n 4] hesitantly answered.[43] De Gribaldy ordered the driver to bring the taxi to a halt.[43] Dagot emerged from the taxi hailing the tractor and asked the driver, "Are you Sean Kelly?" to which the response was, "Yes, I am Sean Kelly."[43] Both parties agreed to go to Kelly's home in Curraghduff for negotiations.[47] De Gribaldy offered Kelly an annual salary of£4000,[48] which Kelly declined.[47] Kelly consulted Pat McQuaid and Ireland's cycling team manager John Lackey for advice.[49] A week later, de Gribaldy telephoned Kelly, at home in Ireland from Besançon.[50] Kelly successfully negotiated a deal, asking for£6000 in the process, which Gribaldy agreed to.[50] Kelly now had a professional contract with Flandria.[50][51] Pat's brother Oliver replaced Kelly at Velo Club Metz.[41]
Kelly travelled to France in late January 1977 and lived for two years at 18, Place de la Révolution (formerly, Place du Marché) in Besançon, de Gribaldy's home town.[46] The apartment was above abike shop owned by de Gribaldy.[52] He shared with four teammates, Noël Converset,Marcel Tinazzi,René Bittinger andDominique Sanders.[46]
Flandria were a Belgian cycling team sponsored by a Belgian company Flandria, which manufactured bicycles, mopeds and scooters.[53] Guillaume Driessens was thedirecteur sportif of the Flandria team, one of the world's best, with riders such asFreddy Maertens,Marc Demeyer andMichel Pollentier among their ranks.[53] Flandria required a French squad to expand its commercial interests in France, so they hiredJean de Gribaldy to assemble and direct a new team.[53] The French squad competed predominantly in smaller French races.[54] The Belgian team based in Belgium contained the strongest and most experienced riders.[55] Good performances meant promotion from de Gribaldy's French squad to the Belgian team.[54]
On 7 February 1977, Kelly participated in his first race as a professional competitor, the first stage of the six-daystage raceÉtoile de Bessèges.[56][57] He made an impressive debut, finishing tenth in the opening stage and third in the final overall general classification.[56][57][58] On 19 February 1977, in the first stage of theTour Méditerranéen, Kelly was denied his first professional victory.[59] Without the benefit of aphoto-finish, the judge at the finish line deemedJan Raas the winner in a sprint finish, with Kelly given second place.[59] Several years later, a photographer who had captured a photo at the finish line that day met Kelly in southern France, showing him the image which provided emphatic evidence that Kelly was the winner of the stage.[59]
"Some people can do business on the committee system; others find that life is only fun when you are running the show. In Kelly's case it was to mean working for the collection of underpaid has-beens that de Gribaldy habitually assembled. But a smaller, less pretentious team can have its advantages for a rider of Kelly's sort. When you don't have to compete for a team's loyalty you can concentrate on winning races, and that's exactly what Kelly proceeded to do."
On 6 March 1977, in a six-mansprint finish, Kelly recorded his first win as a professional, thepro-am Grand Prix de Lugano in Switzerland.[61][57] Kelly's early impressive displays caught the attention of Guillaume Driessens and the Belgian Flandria squad, resulting in Kelly being promoted and selected to compete with their team at the 1977Paris–Nice as adomestique for Freddy Maertens.[59] Maertens won the openingprologue and defended his leader's jersey throughout the entire race winning overall.[62]
On 19 March 1977, Kelly participated in his firstMonument Classic, theMilan–San Remo.[63] On 11 May 1977, competing with the French squad, Kelly won the first stage of theTour de Romandie in Switzerland and finished tenth overall in the final general classification.[64][65] On 25 May 1977, Kelly won the French one-day race Circuit de l'Indre, outsprintingEddy Merckx into second place.[64][65] In October 1977, Kelly recorded his fourth win of the season, outsprinting Frenchman Serge Périn in the fourth stage of theÉtoile des Espoirs.[66][65]
Kelly stayed with de Gribaldy for 1978. In 1978, he started in theTour de France, in which he also won a stage.Michel Pollentier was disqualified from the 1978 Tour de France after cheating a drugs test on the afternoon that he took the race lead. He left the team at the end of the season and started his own, with a new backer, Splendor. Both Maertens and Pollentier wanted Kelly. Pollentier and Splendor offered Kelly more and made him a team leader. Kelly and Pollentier often shared hotel rooms. But Splendor was new and logistic problems became obvious. The bikes were in poor state – enough that Splendor decided not to ride Paris–Roubaix – and the manager, Robert Lauwers, was replaced. Kelly rose above it and rode for himself.
By now Kelly had a reputation as a sprinter who could not win stage races, although he did finish fourth in the 1980Vuelta a España.[67] De Gribaldy employed him as unambiguous team leader, someone he believed could win stage races and not just stages. To this end, de Gribaldy encouraged Kelly to lose weight, convincing the latter that he could target the overall win atParis–Nice: Kelly won the "Race to the Sun" and four of its stages. On the last of those, a time-trial to theCol d'Èze, he beatGilbert Duclos-Lassalle and pushed him out of the lead. Years later Kelly admitted that his countryman Roche's emergence during his neo-pro season in 1981, during which he had also won Paris–Nice, was one of the factors which motivated him to adjust his focus to becoming more of an all-round rider. However, the spring classics season proved a disappointment, with Kelly's best result being a 12th place inParis–Roubaix after suffering multiple punctures.[68] Despite that, that season he went on to win another of objectives set by de Gribaldy: thepoints classification of theTour de France, where he took five second places on flat stages before winning a reduced bunch sprint inPau after climbing theCol d'Aubisque. His points total was nearly three times that of the points classification runner-up, the yellow jersey winnerBernard Hinault.[69][68] He won bronze in the 1982Road World Championships Elite Men's Road Race inGoodwood,West Sussex, England,[70] the first world medal for an Irish rider sinceShay Elliott's silver in1962.[68] At the end of the year, Kelly married his girlfriend, Linda Grant, the daughter of a local cycling club official. Carrick-on-Suir named the town square "Sean Kelly Square" in tribute to his achievements in the 1982Tour de France and his bronze medal at the 1982 World Championships.[71] The following year, 1983, Kelly wonParis–Nice for the second time, the first of threeCritérium International victories, his firstTour de Suisse and thepoints classification in the Tour de France for the second consecutive year. Kelly wore the yellow jersey in the 1983Tour de France for one day, during the mountainous stage 10 fromPau toBagnères-de-Luchon, which included thePyrenean climbs, theAubisque,Tourmalet,Aspin andPeyresourde. It was the only time he would wear the "maillot jaune" (English:yellow jersey) at the Tour.[72][73][74]
Kelly confirmed his potential in autumn 1983. A leading group of 18 enteredComo in theGiro di Lombardia after a battle over the Intelvi and Schignano passes. Kelly won the sprint to take his firstMonument by the narrowest margin, less than half a wheel separating the first four, against cycling greats includingFrancesco Moser,Adri van der Poel,Hennie Kuiper and World Champion Greg LeMond.[75]
Kelly dominated the following spring. He wonParis–Nice for the third successive time beating Roche as well as the Tour de France winner,Bernard Hinault[76] who was returning after a knee injury. Kelly finished second inMilan–San Remo and theTour of Flanders, but was unbeatable inParis–Roubaix andLiège–Bastogne–Liège. The day after Paris–Roubaix, the French daily sports paper,L'Équipe, pictured Kelly cycling the cobbles with mud on his face and had the headingInsatiable Kelly! referring to his appetite for winning that spring.[77] He won all three stages in the Critérium International: the bunch sprint on stage 1, a solo victory in the mountain stage and beating Roche in the finaltime trial. Kelly achieved 33 victories in 1984.[78] He was becoming a contender in theGrand Tours, as seen by finishing fifth in theTour de France. This may have caused him to lose his grip on thepoints classification in that year's Tour. Kelly was wearing it as the Tour was finishing on theChamps-Élysées but lost it in the bunch finish to the Belgian,Frank Hoste, who finished ahead of Kelly gaining points to take the jersey off Kelly's shoulders.[79]
He wonParis–Nice in 1985, again beating Roche. He also took three stage wins at theVuelta a España, but suffered a frustrating spring classics season, taking a third place at Paris–Roubaix and fourth at Liège–Bastogne–Liège, but losing out on wins through poor tactical decisions, such as at Milan–San Remo where he and rivalEric Vanderaerden marked each other out of contention. He won the points classification for the third time and finished fourth overall in the 1985Tour de France, where his rivalry with Vanderaerden boiled over at the finish of the sixth stage inReims: the latter veered to prevent Kelly from coming past in the final sprint, leading Kelly to push Vanderarden, and the Belgian pulling the Irishman's jersey in response. The race saw him battle for the last step on the GC podium with Stephen Roche: although Roche finished the Tour in third position overall, the duo's performances saw interest in the race expanding gradually in the Irish press.[80] Kelly won the firstNissan International Classic beating Adri van der Poel. At the end of the season, he won theGiro di Lombardia.[81]
"On his best form there is nothing you can do against Kelly: he climbs better than the best climbers and sprints better than the best sprinters."
He wonMilan–San Remo in 1986 after winningParis–Nice. In Milan–San Remo, Kelly was being marked closely by Vanderaerden in the closing stages of the race.Mario Beccia attacked on the race's final climb of thePoggio di San Remo and was followed byGreg LeMond. In order to shake Vanderaerden, Kelly feigned a mechanical problem before sprinting away to join the lead group, and drove hard on the front to preventNiki Rüttimann, LeMond's team-mate, who had followed Kelly, from linking up with the front group: Kelly won the three-up sprint at the finish. He also took stage wins at theVolta a la Comunitat Valenciana, Critérium International andThree Days of De Panne. He finished second in the Tour of Flanders and won Paris–Roubaix again. According to his autobiographyHunger, Kelly gave his support to Van der Poel in the latter's bid to win Flanders in exchange for the Dutchman's help in the French cobbled Classic. In Flanders, Kelly rode on the front of the leading four man group in the closing stages of the race, which also included Van der Poel,Jean-Philippe Vandenbrande andSteve Bauer: regarding the final sprint, Kelly wrote that "I started my sprint early, and I knew Van der Poel was probably in my wheel as well, but I certainly gave it 100 percent." After Flanders, he flew to Spain to race the Tour of the Basque Country, which he won, before flying north to compete in Paris–Roubaix. Roles were reversed as Kelly followed Van der Poel in latching onto an attack fromFerdi Van Den Haute on a late cobbledsecteur to form another four-man group along withRudy Dhaenens. Van Den Haute attacked again a kilometre from the race finish – which was located away fromRoubaix Velodrome for the first time since 1943 – and once again Van der Poel led Kelly out in the sprint, enabling the latter to cross the line first. To date, Kelly is one of only four riders to win the double of Milan–San Remo and Paris–Roubaix in the same year, along withCyrille van Hauwaert in 1908,John Degenkolb in 2015 andMathieu van der Poel in 2023 and 2025.[83] Kelly was engaged in an intense racing schedule, even by contemporary standards, having competed 34 times from the beginning of the season to 1986. He later explained this as partly due to the influence of Jean de Gribaldy, who reasoned that he might as well race if he was going to have to train on his bike if he didn't compete, and because of new sponsorKas, a Spanish soft drink manufacturer, who were primarily concerned with success in Spain, and uninterested in winning the Classics, meaning Kelly had to compete in both types of races. He finished on a podium in a Grand Tour for the first time when he finished third in the 1986Vuelta a España, winning two stages along the way.[67][84] As a result of serious injuries sustained in a crash during the final stage of the 1986Tour de Suisse, in which he went over a wall on a descent, Kelly missed the 1986Tour de France.[85] He returned to Ireland and won theNissan Classic again. His second win in the Nissan came after a duel withSteve Bauer, who took the yellow jersey after Kelly crashed numerous times. Kelly went into the final stage three seconds behind Bauer and took the jersey when he finished third on the stage and won bonus seconds.[86] Kelly took more than 30 victories in total across the 1986 season.[84]
Kelly wonParis–Nice in 1987 on the last day after Roche, the leader, punctured. Later, leading the Vuelta a España with three days to go, he retired with an extremely painful saddle sore. His bad luck continued in the Tour de France, retiring after fracturing his collarbone in a crash. After the 1987Road World Championships Elite Men's Road Race, in which he finished fifth behind Roche, Kelly returned to Ireland to win the Nissan Classic for the third consecutive time.
Kelly won his seventh consecutiveParis–Nice in the spring of 1988, a record.[87] He wonGent–Wevelgem several weeks later.[88]
Kelly returned in April to the 1988Vuelta a España which started on the rugged mountainous island ofTenerife where his team struggled in the second stage, losing the influential riderThomas Wegmüller todysentery and losing further time in the time-trial aroundLas Palmas. However, on the Spanish mainland, Kelly concentrated on winning sprint time bonuses, battling with sprinterManuel Jorge Domínguez, theBH teammate of leader,Laudelino Cubino.
After regaining a minute in four days, the race reached the mountains where Kelly relied on help fromRobert Millar of teamFagor–MBK to stay within two minutes of Cubino after the mountain trial to Alto Oviedo. He then finished fourth behind stage-winnerFabio Parra andAnselmo Fuerte on stage 13 to the ski-station atCerler, cutting a minute and a half into Cubino's lead.[89] From this stage, Fuerte had moved into second overall and later took the jersey from Cubino on the 16th stage toAlbacete when the leader got caught on the wrong side of a split caused by cross-winds.[90]
Kelly maintained the gap between himself and Fuerte and started thetime trial on the second last day 21 seconds behind. Confident that he could overhaul the leader, he "put it in a big gear and gave it everything."[91] He took the leader's "maillot amarillo" (yellow jersey), beating Fuerte by almost two minutes. The following day Kelly won his onlyGrand Tour, over West GermanRaimund Dietzen[92] and also won the points competition.[93] After his Vuelta win Kelly returned to Carrick-on-Suir where a parade was held in his honour.[94]
Kelly finished 46th overall in the 1988Tour de France, just over an hour behind winner, SpaniardPedro Delgado, and later admitted he was no longer a contender for overall victory.[95] He finished third behind the German,Rolf Gölz, in the 1988 Nissan Classic. In 1989, Kelly switched to the DutchPDM–Ultima–Concorde team and stayed there for three years until the end of the 1991 season. He achieved his first major victory with PDM in 1989, winning theLiège–Bastogne–Liège for the second time. The same year he won thepoints classification in the Tour de France for the fourth time and the inauguralUCI Road World Cup championship. He won bronze in the sprint finish at the rainy 1989Road World Championships Elite Men's Road Race inChambéry, France behindDimitri Konyshev and winnerGreg LeMond.[96]
Kelly won theTour de Suisse in 1990 for the second time.[97][98] In March 1991, while competing in theParis–Nice, he broke his right collarbone.[99] During the 1991Tour de France, the entire PDM team, including Kelly, abandoned the race, citing illness, which later became known as the "Intralipid Affair."[100][101] In August 1991, Kelly abandoned his racing schedule to participate in theTour of Galicia after his brother Joe was tragically killed in the Comeragh 100 nearCarrick-on-Suir, County Tipperary.[102][103] He came back to win his fourth Nissan Classic by four seconds overSean Yates[104] and went on to win theGiro di Lombardia at the end of the season.[105]
Kelly won the Giro di Lombardia for a third time in 1991 but started 1992 regarded as past his prime. He moved toLotus–Festina in 1992[106] and prepared forMilan–San Remo. Race favouriteMoreno Argentin attacked from the leading group on the final climb, thePoggio. He broke clear after several attempts and reached the top eight seconds before the rest. It seemed he was on his way to a solo victory as the peloton descended the Poggio, whereMaurizio Fondriest led, marked by Argentin's teammateRolf Sørensen. Kelly was behind these two in third position. Kelly attacked with three kilometres of descending left. Sorensen could not hold his acceleration and Kelly got away. He caught Argentin with a kilometre to go. Both stalled, the chasers closing fast, Argentin gesturing to Kelly to take the front. Kelly stayed on Argentin's wheel. The two moved again, preparing for a sprint; Kelly launched himself and in the final 200m came past Argentin to win his final Classic.[107][108]
Kelly's first appearance and sole participation in the Giro d'Italia was in1992. His team, Lotus–Festina, was offered a wild card entry under the condition that Kelly was included in their starting team. He pulled out of the race after stage 16 fromPalazzolo sull’Oglio toSondrio, later admitting his intention of not completing the Giro and his agreement with hisdirecteur sportif that he would withdraw at some stage.[109]
In 1992, Kelly travelled toColombia for theClásico RCN, where he won the second stage.[110] His former PDM teammate,Martin Earley, pushed him into second place at the 1994Irish National Road Championships.[n 5][112][113]
Kelly's last year as a professional was 1994, when he rode for Catavana. He returned to Carrick-on-Suir at the end of the season to ride the annual Hamper race. That was Kelly's last race as a professional.Eddy Merckx,Laurent Fignon,Bernard Hinault,Roger De Vlaeminck,Claude Criquielion, Stephen Roche, Martin Earley,Acácio da Silva andPaul Kimmage were among 1,200 cyclists present.[114] ThePresident of Ireland,Mary Robinson, attended a civic presentation to Kelly the day before the race. Kelly won in a sprint against Roche. Kelly won this race again six years later.
Kelly's career spanned the eras of several legends of theTour de France, fromEddy Merckx through toMiguel Induráin. His first Tour was also the first forBernard Hinault and the two battled in the sprint of stage 15.Greg LeMond andLaurent Fignon emerged in the early eighties and challenged Kelly in the Classics as well as in the Tour, and Kelly witnessed the rise of Miguel Induráin and the early career ofLance Armstrong. Kelly's career coincided withStephen Roche as well as Classics specialists includingFrancesco Moser, Claude Criquielion, Moreno Argentin andEric Vanderaerden. Evidence of Kelly's dominance can be seen from his three victories in the season-longSuper Prestige Pernod International competition (predecessor to the World Cup). Kelly competed throughout the season, from Paris–Nice in March to the Giro di Lombardia in October, winning both in 1983 and 1985.
"It is customary to talk of Kelly as quintessentially an Irish rider. For my part, though, I think it helps to place Kelly better as a cyclist to see him as the last of the Flemish riders. This is usually a title associated with the post-war rider,Briek Schotte who has become appropriately enough the man in day-to-day charge of the de Gribaldy teams. As exemplified by Schotte it stood for a certain type of mentality, willing to suffer, narrowly focussed, and hard, hard, hard. Kelly had all this in him from his Irish small-farm background: the outside loo; the dogs that have to be chained before you can step from your car; the one career possible, as a bricklayer on a construction site, stretching away and away into the grey mists. On the positive side, along with the self-reliance, came a physical strength that even by peasant standards is impressive. In a profession of iron wills, there is no one harder."
While some sprinters remain sheltered in thepeloton until the final few hundred metres, Kelly could instigate breaks and climb well, proving this by winning theVuelta a España in 1988, as well as winning a stage of Paris–Nice on the climb ofMont Ventoux. His victories inParis–Roubaix (1984, 1986) showed his ability in poor weather and on pavé sections, while he could stay with theclimbing specialists in the mountains in theTour de France. He was also a formidable descender, clocking a career top race speed of 124 km/h (77 mi/h), while descending fromCol de Joux Plane toMorzine on stage 19 of the Tour in1984.[116] He finished fourth in the Tour in 1985 and won the points classification in1982,1983,1985, and1989, the first to win four times, a feat he repeated in the Vuelta a España. Kelly won five stages in the Tour de France and 16 in theVuelta a España.
Kelly was also an outstandingtime trialist. In the inaugural 1985Nissan Classic, Kelly, wearing a skinsuit, racing aVitus Plus Carbone road bike with drop handlebars and a rearMavic disc wheel, produced a magnificent performance in the stage 3a, 21 km (13.04 mi)individual time trial fromCarrick-on-Suir toClonmel. His winning time of 24:09 was 49 seconds quicker than second-placedStephen Roche. Kelly's winning average speed of 52.173 km/h (32.419 mi/h) was faster than any individual had ever accomplished in a time trial, further than 20 km. It took another four years to surpass this record when AmericanGreg LeMond averaged 54.545 km/h (33.893 mi/h) in the historical 24.5 km (15.22 mi) individual time trial fromVersailles to Paris at the1989 Tour de France.[117][118][119]
Kelly failed drug tests twice during his career. After the 1984 edition ofParis–Brussels, in which he had finished third, cycling authorities stated that a urine sample supplied by Kelly had tested positive forpemoline (Stimul), a result which was repeated with the testing of a B sample. TheRoyal Belgian Cycling League sentenced Kelly to a three-month suspended ban and a fine. Kelly denied taking any banned substances: in an interview at the time withDavid Walsh, he claimed that there were "irregularities at the testing centre that day ... the medical control at Paris-Brussels was very badly organised and lots of people were in the room who had no right to be there ... in all this confusion something must have gone wrong". In his autobiographyHunger, Kelly stated thatIrish Cycling Federation official Karl McCarthy, who acted as a witness on Kelly's behalf at the second test as he was unable to attend due to racing commitments, told him that the B sample was "tiny" and below the amount required for the test. In his bookMassacre à la chaîne: Révélations sur 30 ans de tricheries (Chain massacre: Revelations on 30 years of cheating), Kelly's formersoigneurWilly Voet claimed that Kelly had been ill withbronchitis in the week before the race and had takenephedrine to treat it: to avoid a positive test, Voet wrote that Kelly had carried a container in his shorts filled with urine supplied by one of the team's mechanics to doping control, and that the Stimul detected in the sample had been taken by the mechanic to help him stay awake while driving the team's truck.[120]
Kelly's second positive test occurred at the 1988Tour of the Basque Country, where he tested positive forcodeine. Having finished fourth in the overall classification, he received a ten-minute penalty that dropped him down the order. Kelly explained this as being the result of a worsening cough he had developed during the race: he said that between the end of the final stage and attending doping control he took a swig from a bottle of cough medicine, to which he attributed the presence of codeine in his urine sample.[120]
Kelly is a commentator for the English-language services ofTNT Sports having previously worked for its predecessorEurosport where he was described as the "Rolls-Royce of commentators". He is known for giving great insight into races and typically commentates on all the big races including theTour de France,Giro d'Italia and theVuelta a España.[121]
He established and is involved in the Sean Kelly Cycling Academy in Belgium. In 2006, he launched Ireland's first professional team,Sean Kelly ACLVB–M.Donnelly, initially composed of Irish and Belgian riders based at the academy inMerchtem,Flanders. Kelly managed the squad withKurt Bogaerts who rode for the team in its debut year before retiring and moving into management. The team became more international over the years and competed on theUCI Europe Tour until disbanding at the end of 2017. Team riders took eight general classification victories, six elite national road and time trial championships and many more one-day and stage victories with riders includingSam Bennett,Ryan Mullen andOwain Doull representing the team early in their careers.[122]
He has a cycling clothing company which supplies clubs and companies, and which also organises corporate cycling events in Ireland and throughout Europe. He rides long-distance charity cycling tours with Blazing Saddles, a charity raising money for the blind and partially sighted. Such tours have included a journey across America by bike in 2000. He also participates in charity cycling endurance events in Scotland (notably with the Braveheart Cycling Fund), England, France and Ireland. Sean Kelly regularly cycles with SportActive cycling holidays inMallorca.[123]
The inaugural Sean Kelly Tour of Waterford was held on 19 August 2007.[124] Kelly was one of the 910 participants. The second was on 24 August 2008. Kelly was one of the 2,048. The 2009 Tour went ahead on 30 August 2009. It attracted over 3,400 participants. On 29 August 2010, 3708 cyclists took part in the Tour. In 2011 the attendance ballooned to over 8,000 over the two days and 10–50–90 and 160 km (6.2–31.1–55.9 and 99.4 mi) events. This ran annually until 2017. In 2018, the organisers of The Sean Kelly Tour of Waterford completed a review and decided not to run the event and to look at other cycling initiatives in and around Waterford.[125]
Kelly is the subject of several books, includingKELLY A Biography of Sean Kelly by David Walsh in 1986 andSEAN KELLY a man for all seasons by Sean Kelly andDavid Walsh in 1991.
Sean Kelly published his autobiographyHunger in 2013.[126]
In December 1986, Sean Kelly won theRTÉ Sports Person of the Year Award.[127] In December 2005, he received theMick Doyle Golden Memory Award at the Canon Hayes National Sports Awards inAherlow,County Tipperary.[128] In November 2013, atDublin City University, he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Philosophy in recognition of his contribution to Irish sport.[129] In November 2019, he received a lifetime achievement award at theCycling Weekly Awards in London.[130]
Road race,National Junior Road Championships Road race,National Junior Road Championships
Mountains classification
OverallCinturón a Mallorca Overall The Tour of the North
after Stage 2 OverallThree Days of De Panne
Points classification
Mountains classification
Points classification OverallParis–NicePoints classification Points classification,Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
Road race,UCI Road World Championships OverallParis–Nice OverallTour de Suisse
Points classification OverallCritérium InternationalPoints classification after Stage 9 OverallParis–Nice
OverallVolta a Catalunya Points classification
Mountains classification OverallTour of the Basque Country Points classification OverallCritérium International Points classification after Stage 22 OverallParis–Nice OverallNissan Classic Points classification Points classificationPoints classification OverallParis–Nice OverallVolta a Catalunya Points classification OverallTour of the Basque Country Points classification OverallNissan ClassicPoints classification
Combination classification OverallParis–Nice OverallTour of the Basque Country Points classification Mountains classification OverallCritérium International OverallNissan Classic after Stages 1, 3–4, 6 & 18 after Stages 1–18 Points classification OverallVuelta a EspañaPoints classification
Combination classification OverallParis–Nice OverallSetmana Catalana de Ciclisme Points classification Points classification
UCI Road World CupRoad race,UCI Road World Championships Mountains classification OverallTour de Suisse Points classification OverallNissan Classic Points classification,Tour de Suisse| Grand Tour general classification results timeline | ||||||||||||||||||
| Grand Tour | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Vuelta a España | — | — | DNF | 4 | — | — | — | — | 9 | 3 | DNF | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
 Giro d'Italia | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | DNF | — | — |
| Tour de France | — | 34 | 38 | 29 | 48 | 15 | 7 | 5 | 4 | — | DNF | 46 | 9 | 30 | DNF | 43 | — | — |
| Major stage race general classification results timeline | ||||||||||||||||||
| Major stage race | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 |
| Paris–Nice | 40 | 12 | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 43 | 57 |
 Tirreno–Adriatico | — | — | 19 | 32 | 25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 6 | — | 50 | — | — |
| Tour of the Basque Country | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 17 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tour de Romandie | 10 | DNF | — | — | — | 23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
 Critérium du Dauphiné | 29 | — | — | DNF | DNF | 15 | 47 | — | 21 | — | — | — | DNF | 28 | 29 | — | — | DNF |
| Tour de Suisse | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 4 | 4 | DNF | — | 16 | 18 | 1 | 11 | 18 | 35 | — |
| Volta a Catalunya | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | DNF | — | 9 | — | — | 24 | — |
| Monument | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milan–San Remo | 75 | — | — | 4 | — | 27 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 5 | — | — | 1 | 39 |
| Tour of Flanders | — | — | 26 | 15 | 8 | 21 | — | 2 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 18 | — | — | 73 | 39 |
| Paris–Roubaix | — | — | — | — | 19 | 12 | — | 1 | 3 | 1 | 13 | 16 | 15 | — | — | 29 | — |
| Liège–Bastogne–Liège | — | — | 20 | — | 11 | 10 | — | 1 | 4 | 12 | 20 | 5 | 1 | — | — | 37 | — |
| Giro di Lombardia | 25 | — | — | — | — | 34 | 1 | 17 | 1 | 2 | 23 | — | 24 | 10 | 1 | 58 | 34 |
| Classic | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 |
| Amstel Gold Race | — | — | — | 3 | 6 | 4 | — | 17 | — | — | — | — | 12 | — | 27 | — | — |
| Gent–Wevelgem | — | — | 32 | 37 | 12 | 18 | — | — | 7 | — | — | 1 | 19 | — | — | 38 | — |
| La Flèche Wallonne | — | — | — | — | 4 | 8 | — | 12 | 21 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Championship of Zürich | 31 | 14 | — | — | 9 | 23 | — | 18 | — | — | — | — | 26 | 13 | 104 | 23 | 90 |
| Paris–Brussels | 13 | — | — | 30 | 14 | — | 14 | — | 5 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 9 | — | 68 | 42 | — |
| Paris–Tours | — | 23 | 54 | — | 17 | 51 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 28 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 18 | — | 4 |
| Event | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 World Championships | 16 | DNF | 9 | DNF | 42 | 3 | 8 | DNF | 35 | 5 | 5 | 25 | 3 | 5 | DNF | 63 | 49 |
| — | Did not compete |
|---|---|
| DNF | Did not finish |
| 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vuelta a España | DNE | DNF-17 | 4 | DNE | DNE | DNE | DNE | 9 | 3 | DNF-19 | 1 | DNE | DNE | DNE | DNE |
| Stages won | — | 2 | 5 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| Points classification | — | NR | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | NR | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| Mountains classification | — | NR | NR | — | — | — | — | NR | NR | NR | 3 | — | — | — | — |
| Giro d'Italia | DNE | DNE | DNE | DNE | DNE | DNE | DNE | DNE | DNE | DNE | DNE | DNE | DNE | DNE | DNS-16 |
| Tour de France | 34 | 38 | 29 | 48 | 15 | 7 | 5 | 4 | DNE | DNF-12 | 46 | 9 | 30 | DNS-11 | 43 |
| Stages won | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Points classification | 12 | 7 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 1 | 5 | — | 16 |
| Mountains classification | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 11 | — | — | NR | NR | NR | — | 60 |
| Young rider classification | — | — | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1 | Winner |
| 2–3 | Top three-finish |
| 4–10 | Top ten-finish |
| 11– | Other finish |
| DNE | Did not enter |
| DNF-x | Did not finish (retired on stage x) |
| DNS-x | Did not start (not started on stage x) |
| HD-x | Finished outside time limit (occurred on stage x) |
| DSQ | Disqualified |
| N/A | Race/classification not held |
| NR | Not ranked in this classification |
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