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Scripophily is the study and collection ofstock andbond certificates.[a] A specialized field ofnumismatics, scripophily has developed as an area of collecting because of the inherent beauty of certain historical certificates, and because of interest in the historical context of many of the documents. In addition, some stock certificates serve as excellent examples ofengraving. Occasionally, an old stock certificate is found that still has value, representing actual shares in the original or a successor company.
Scripophily, the collecting of old stocks and bonds, gained recognition as ahobby around 1970.[citation needed] The word "scripophily" was coined by combining words fromEnglish andGreek. The word "scrip" represents an ownership right and the word "philos" means "to love".[citation needed]
Today, there are thousands of collectors worldwide in search of scarce, rare, and popular stock and bond certificates.[citation needed] Whether they are private investors or business people, many collectors enjoy scripophily as a hobby, while others consider it a good form of investment.[citation needed]
Many collectors appreciate the historical significance of old certificates. Others prefer the beauty of older stock and bond certificates that were printed in various colors with fancy artwork and ornate engravings. In recent times, certificates issued bydot-com companies and companies involved in scandals have become particularly popular amongst scripophilists.[citation needed]
A recent addition to the hobby of scripophily is collecting shares issued in one's name. Common companies that issue personalized stock certificates includeThe Walt Disney Company,Harley-Davidson,McDonald's,Starbucks,Google,Ford Motor Company,The Coca-Cola Company, andBerkshire Hathaway.[citation needed]
Many autograph collectors engage in scripophily, looking for certificates signed by historic or well-known figures. Certificates of this type include stock certificates issued byStandard Oil Company and signed byJohn D. Rockefeller,Franklin Fire Insurance Company certificates signed byHenry Charles Carey,Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus,Atari Corporation,Eastern Air Lines certificates signed byEddie Rickenbacker when he served as the company's president,Tucker Corporation, and many others.[citation needed]
A large part of scripophily is the study of financial history. Over the years there have been millions of companies that needed to raise money. In order to do so, the founders of these companies issuedsecurities. Generally speaking, they either issued equity securities in the form of stock or debt securities in the form of bonds. However, there are many varieties of equity and debt instruments, includingcommon stock,preferred stock,warrants, andbonds of various types.
Each certificate is a piece of history about a company and its business. Some companies became major successes, while others were acquired and merged with other companies. Some companies and industries were successful until they were replaced by new technologies. Some companies have been the center of scandal or fraud. The color, paper, signatures, dates, stamps, cancellations, borders, pictures,vignettes, industry, stockbroker, name of company, transfer agent, printer, and holder name are all of interest to scripophilists.[citation needed]
Many companies either were never successful or went bankrupt, so that their certificates became worthless pieces of paper until the hobby of scripophily began. Themining boom in the 1850s,railroad construction in the 1830s, theoil boom in the 1870s,telegraphy in the 1850s, theautomobile industry beginning around 1900,aviation beginning around 1910, electric power and banks in the 1930s, the airline wars and mergers in the 1970s, cellular telephones beginning in the 1980s, long-distance telephone service in the 1980s and 1990s, and most recently thedot-com era andEnron all resulted in historically significant certificates being generated and issued.[citation needed]
Today, stocks and bonds are typically issued electronically,[citation needed] meaning fewer paper certificates are issued as a percentage of actual stock issued. The Internet has played a role in raising awareness of the hobby.[citation needed] A number of websites now exist that sell old stocks and bonds.[citation needed]
There are many factors that determine value of a certificate. These include condition, age, historical significance, signatures, rarity, demand for the item,aesthetics, the type of company, the original face value, bankers associated with the issuance, transfer stamps, cancellation markings, whether the certificate was issued or unissued, printers, and the type of engraving process.
