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| Scout Association of Japan | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japanese:ボーイスカウト日本連盟 | ||||
| Headquarters | Hongō,Bunkyō,Tokyo | |||
| Country | Japan | |||
| Founded | 1922 | |||
| Membership | 109,528[1] (2017) | |||
| Affiliation | World Organization of the Scout Movement | |||
| Website www | ||||
| ||||
TheScout Association of Japan (ボーイスカウト日本連盟,Bōi Sukauto Nihon Renmei) is the majorScouting organization of Japan. Starting with boys only, the organization was known asBoy Scouts of Japan from 1922 to 1971, and asBoy Scouts of Nippon from 1971 to 1995, when it becamecoeducational in all sections, leading to neutral naming. Scouting activity decreased radically duringWorld War II but slowly recovered; membership at the end of May 2017 was 99,779.[2]


Scouting was introduced to Japan in the autumn of 1909[3] by ambassadorAkizuki Satsuo and Japanese teacherHōjō Tokiyuki, who had visited England in 1908. A Japanese text based onScouting for Boys was published as early as 1910,[3] and a few sporadic troops sprang up, without any cohesion and without a proper grasp of the principles and aims of Scouting.
In 1911, GeneralMaresuke Nogi went to England in attendance on PrinceYorihito Higashifushimi for thecoronation ofKing George V. The general, also known as the "Defender ofPort Arthur" was introduced to GeneralRobert Baden-Powell, the "Defender ofMafeking".
The Scout troop inYokohama welcomed Baden-Powell during his visit on 2 April 1912. The troop consisted primarily of British boys, but, from the beginning, also included a small number of American, Danish, and Norwegian boys and was led by a British Scouter, merchantClarence Griffin. The1st Yokohama, as it was called, had its first meeting on October 16, 1911, and was registered as a British Troop Abroad. The Troop charter and a Scoutmaster Warrant for Clarence Griffin were issued by Baden-Powell. With this registration only those with British nationality were able to "officially" join the troop, although this rule seems to have been loosely enforced. The Scout Association of Japan recognizes Clarence Griffin as Japan's first Scoutmaster and the "1st Yokohama", now theInternational Boy Scouts, Troop 1, as Japan's first recognized Boy Scout troop with a marker placed on his grave in the Yokohama Foreign General Cemetery. In 1918, at the urging of missionary Bro. Joseph Janning, the Group registration was changed to "international" and boys of all nationalities were officially allowed to join the troop. In 1923 this Group became the first directly registered Group of the newly formed Boy Scout International Bureau (nowWorld Scout Bureau).[4]The Troop remains active in Yokohama as theInternational Boy Scouts, Troop 1.

During his short 1912 visit to Japan Baden-Powell did, however, see something of theKenjinsha, an old time youth movement. During this period homegrown Japanese troops began to develop and existed alongsideexpatriate troops inYokohama,Kobe andOsaka.Hiroshi Koshiba started a Tokyo-based group in 1913. At the time of the coronation of theTaishō Emperor in 1915, Scouts were organized in Tokyo,Shizuoka,Kyoto andHokkaido.
In 1920 three delegates,Toyomatsu Shimoda,Hiroshi Koshiba, andRichard Suzuki, attended the1st World Scout Jamboree atOlympia, London. Shimoda and Koshiba were both adults and, when they met Richard Suzuki aboard ship and learned he was a Scout, they invited him to join. Richard was the son of a Japanese father and a British mother and was traveling to England for study. Richard was a member of theYokohama international troop and, being the only Scout aged delegate, Richard carried the Japanese placard in the "Procession of the Nations" during theopening ceremonies.[5]

In 1920Crown Prince, later Emperor,Hirohito also visited Great Britain, experienced Scouting first hand and expressed the hope that Scouting would develop fully in Japan and join the world movement. TheNippon Kenjidan, forerunner of the "Boy Scouts of Japan" was founded in 1921, when Shimoda began a national group that was restructured and merged with other groups in April 1922.[3] The organization was reformed as the Boy Scouts of Japan in April 1922 by CountFutara Yoshinori and ViscountMishima Michiharu. Japan was admitted as a member of theWorld Organization of the Scout Movement later in 1922.[6]
The1923 Great Kantō earthquake brought the work of the Scouts of Tokyo and Kobe to the notice of the general public. CountGotō Shimpei, a doctor and a statesman, was made the first Chief Scout of Japan and tasked with the rebuilding. AsMinister of Railways, Count Gotō travelled around the country, and was able to promote Scouting in his spare time. In 1924, Japan fielded a full contingent of 25 to the2nd World Scout Jamboree in Denmark under Rear Admiral CountSano Tsuneha, during which Count Sano attended aWood Badge course atGilwell Park. Count Sano returned to Japan and created Japan's own training course, calledJisshu-jo, for both Cub and Scout leaders, which is still used to this day, after completion of two preliminary courses,Koshu-kai andKenshu-kai.
Count Futara Yoshinori was the first Japanese member of theWorld Scout Committee of the World Organization of the Scout Movement from 1931 until 1939.
In February 1937,Isamu Takeshita was appointed head of the Boy Scouts of Japan, theSea Scouts, and theYMCA, as part of the general militarization of Japanese sports and athletics taking place at that time.[7]
Japanese military authorities did not consistently encourage the Scouting movement in occupied territories. Where local conditions were favorable, authorities would permit local Scouting or introduce Japanese-style Scouting, orShōnendan, and sometimes even made this compulsory. On the other hand, where conditions were not favorable, and anti-Japanese sentiments were likely to be nurtured through Scouting, the authorities would prohibit it entirely.[8]
Scouting in Japan suffered almost complete eclipse in World War II, and took time to recover. Occupation authorities had blacklisted the ex-military officers, disregarding age or sympathies. This held Count Sano and others back from their sincere desire to restore Boy Scouts of Japan to its former correct basis. Gradually, military supervision was relaxed and the original group began to take over, with beneficial results.
Theoccupation period was difficult on Scouting, just as it was on Japanese daily life. The participant patch (usually embroidered or woven) for the first National Scout Rally was printed on paper, because of the financial situation of that time. Period pieces ofScouting memorabilia from that time are rare and highly prized. Japan was re-admitted as a full member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1950, remarkable and unique in the history of nations in which Scouting has been interrupted. Within ten years of World War II, Scout membership had grown to 80,000. In 1957, the first Wood Badge course by that name was held in Japan. In 1959, Japan held the Second Nippon Jamboree, shortly after the conclusion of the10th World Scout Jamboree in thePhilippines.
In 1961,ViscountMichiharu Mishima was awarded theBronze Wolf, awarded by theWorld Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. Other recipients from Japan includeHidesaburō Kurushima, chairman of the national board and international commissioner, in 1967,Taizō Ishizaka in 1971,Saburō Matsukata in 1972,Shintarō Negishi in 1975,Akira Watanabe in 1977,Yorihiro Matsudaira in 1981,August S. Narumi in 1984,Ichirō Terao in 1985, andYoritake Matsudaira in 2012.
In 1971, BSJ hosted three major World Scouting events, the13th World Scout Jamboree and the 1st World Scout Forum inShizuoka, and the 23rd World Scout Conference in Tokyo.
After the 13th World Scout Jamboree in 1971, there was discussion about the national association's name.The word "Japan" is not Japanese, rather based on a southern Chinese dialect, whichMarco Polo heard as "Zippang", eventually becoming "Japan" in English. The Japanese corrected the association's name to match their own language, as "Boy Scouts of Nippon" in 1971.
Since 1974, SAJ has every year invited some 45 Scouts from Scout associations in theAsia-Pacific Region to take part in major international events such as Jamborees, Ventures, Agoonorees and Rover Scouting events.
In 1995, Japanese Scouting becamecoeducational and, after that point, to use "Boy Scout" would strictly be incorrect. Further it was decided that the proper national name "Nippon" was not well known worldwide. Japanese Scouting once again changed its national association's name in English to the "Scout Association of Japan" (SAJ). However, there is contradiction in the original charter, that Boy Scouts of Japan (or Nippon) is still used in the writing of the Japanese language Scout Constitution. Therefore, it was decided that the official name is to be in the Japanese language, and the English expression is for the convenience and benefit of overseas Scouts to connect with Japanese Scouting.
SAJ celebrated its 75th anniversary of founding of the National Scout Association in 1997 and hosted the second Asia-Pacific Regional Top Leaders' Summit Conference inGotemba and Tokyo.
Scouting in Japan has grown steadily and established an eminent place for itself in social education for young people. The aim of the Scout Association of Japan is to help young people become responsible humanitarian citizens, who can appreciate and practice loyalty, courage and self-respect in an international perspective. With the support of volunteer leaders, the Scout movement in Japan provides fun-filled, challenging programs, with an emphasis on developing each young person's character, health, abilities and sense of service to others.
The Scout Association of Japan is a non-political, voluntary movement, with open subscription. The geographic structure of Japanese Scouting is the council, generally conforming toprefecture boundaries. Japanese Scouting also exists abroad, in communities with large native Japanese populations, such asAmsterdam (Netherlands) andSingapore.[9]
In recent years, SAJ held several international events, which include the sixth Nippon Agoonoree inEhime in August 1999, the 5th Nippon Venture inŌita in August 2000, the National Rover Moot 2001 inAichi in August 2001, and the 23rd Asia-Pacific/13th Nippon Jamboree in Osaka in August 2002.
Japanese Scouts are actively involved in international understanding and cooperation programs, such as the ORT twinning project by Rovers with theBangladesh Scouts, and nationwide fundraising activities for refugees inUNHCR camps.

The23rd World Scout Jamboree took place atKirara Beach, Yamaguchi, in 2015. The theme was "和 Wa: A Spirit of Unity".

TheScout Motto isSonaeyo Tsuneni (そなえよつねに), translating as "Be Prepared" in Japanese.
The Scout emblem incorporates the sacredmirrorYata no Kagami, which representswisdom andhonesty.
The Japanese Scout uniform consists of a brown vest, brown pants with light blue pockets, and light blue cap for Beaver Scouts; a blue shirt, pants, and cap for Cub Scouts; khaki with green line edge shirt and pants, and a green beret for Boy Scouts; and a khaki shirt and pants, and green beret for Venture, Rover, and adult Scouts. Prior to the 23rd World Scout Jamboree, the SAJ introduced new uniforms and phased in new insignia for all sections. Standardized council insignia were introduced for the first time in 2015. The new council badges are 4.8 cm x 11 cm, smaller than thestandard US version.
The program sections are:
In the Scout Association of Japan, Beaver Scouts and Cub Scouts use the term "Promise" (やくそく). Scouts above are use the term "Oath" (ちかい).[14] However, in the official English website of the Scout Association of Japan, these are all called "Promise".[15]
| Level | Japanese[14] | Translation[15] |
|---|---|---|
| Beaver Scouts | ぼく(わたくし)は | I will be friendly to everyone and protect the Beaver Scout Law |
| Cub Scouts | ぼく(わたくし)は | I promise to behave honestly and steadily, and to follow the Pack Laws. |
| Scouts and above | 私は、名誉にかけて、次の3条の実行をちかいます。 | We will be sincere to God (Buddha) and country, and will obey the commandments. Always help others. Strengthen your body, keep your mind healthy, and cultivate virtue.. |
The ranks are:
The highest rank of the Boy Scouts is theKiku Scout (菊スカウト). "Kiku" is the Japanese word for chrysanthemum.
The highest rank of the Venture Scouts is theFuji Scout (富士スカウト). It is named afterMount Fuji.
The SAJ operates and maintains 48 councils, each corresponding to prefectural borders and a National Council for top-level staff and employees.
| Prefecture | 2015 membership[16] | Founding year | Council badge or totem |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11,143 | 1949 | Prefectural flowerKakitsubata (Iris laevigata) with twoshachihoko as supporters | |
| 392 | Akita Kantōbamboo pole hoistingwashi paperlanterns, which hang from horizontal bars; traditional symbols of the council includenamahage done inaizome (藍染め), the Japanese process ofindigo dyeing | ||
| 440 | Prefectural map superimposed with twoBewick's swans (Cygnus bewickii) in flight and an apple, as Aomori Prefecture is Japan's largest producer of apples | ||
| 6,113 | TheSun surmounted with manyseiyō aburana blossoms, as the name of Chiba Prefecture in Japanese is "thousand" and "leaves" | ||
| 1,314 | Kurushima-Kaikyō Bridge,prefectural flag, andMount Ishizuchi | ||
| 794 | Twodinosaur silhouettes,Fukuiraptor facing left, andFukuisaurus facing right, representing theFukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, superimposed with the prefectural flowerNarcissus (Narcissus tazetta), on a background of dark blue as theprefectural flag | ||
| 2,923 | Plum blossom representingDazaifu Tenman-gū, known for its 6,000ume (Asian plum) trees belonging to 167 varieties, similar to theprefectural flag | ||
| 1,025 | Stylized hiragana of ふ (fu), the central design of theprefectural flag andMount Bandai withPolaris to the right andLake Inawashiro/Goshiki-numa-in 1924, the venue was used as a place for social education through activities conducted by the Boy Scouts of Japan, it was the first time for theroyal family to participate and it was the site of the first All Japan Youth Federation Conference (少年団日本連盟大会) | ||
| 1,838 | Traditional housing calledgassho-zukuri, as well as a bird effigy of arock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta, known as theraichō (雷鳥), which means "thunder bird", the official bird ofGifu Prefecture and is a protected species nationwide[17] | ||
| 1,582 | Horse caricature 群馬ちゃん "Gumma-chan" and map, as ancient Gunma was a center ofhorse trading andbreeding, as well as stables for the emperor | ||
| 1,082 | 1950 | A ribbon bearing the English words "Character Health Handicraft Service" in all directions in the form of a traditional Japanesemizuhiki knot, to suggest the shape of a dove in flight, flanked by coordinates 34°23'48"N 132°27'35"E, which are the Prefectural Offices (Kencho) for Hiroshima; traditional symbols of the council include adove symbolizing peace and thetorii gate ofItsukushima Shrine | |
| 1,594 | 1950 | Tanchō (red-crowned crane,Grus japonensis) and map of the island | |
| 6,623 | 1950 | Port of Kobe,Mount Rokkō,Akashi Kaikyō Bridge,Himeji Castle andOriental white stork (Ciconia boyciana) | |
| 2,433 | 1951 | Sailboat,Mount Tsukuba andLake Kasumigaura, Scout caricature in traditionalcampaign hat, wearing abackpack andwhistling | |
| 1,473 | Ishikawa kanji (石川) stylized to formScout sign | ||
| 538 | Train from the children's story "Night on the Galactic Railroad" written byKenji Miyazawa who was born in Iwate,Mount Iwate, kanji (岩手) stylized intotrain tracks,Japanese green pheasant, andsalmon-there are good catches of salmon off the coast of Iwate and some spawn upriver inMorioka, about 200 km from the Pacific Ocean in the fall | ||
| 625 | Anolive branch, asShōdoshima is famous for being the first place in Japan to successfully cultivateolives, and theGreat Seto Bridge, the first bridge across theSeto Inland Sea-almost all of the bridge is part of Kagawa Prefecture, almost all the way toOkayama | ||
| 470 | 1946 | Kagoshima kanji in greenedomoji on orange, representing the localmikan, hence the nameSatsuma orange, and map of the prefecture made from the same kanji, withSakurajima volcano and thesun wheelkamon symbol of theShimazu clan ofSatsuma Domain | |
| 8,234 | Common gull (Larus canus),golden-rayed lily (Lilium auratum) and a stylized wave representingShōnanbeach | ||
| 111 | Sakamoto Ryōma in white on red, the colors of its most famous dish,katsuotataki, made by lightlysearing and seasoning tuna | ||
| 919 | Mount Asovolcano,Kumamoto Castle signature curved stone walls, known asmusha-gaeshi, as well as wooden overhangs, designed to prevent attackers from penetrating the castle, andGentian (Gentiana scabra var. buergeri) flower | ||
| 2,452 | 1915 | Daimonji,maple leaves, andKinkakuji | |
| 740 | Ise ebi,Suzuka Mountains-named in the song of Mie Council, and threeshuriken, as Mie is the birthplace of theninja and home to theIga-ryū Ninja Museum | ||
| 998 | Caricature ofDate Masamune as anonigiri–Sendai is known for its rice | ||
| 655 | Anukiyo-e-styleocean wave andkagura god dancer 神楽, asAmenominakanushi primordial god of Japancreation-Miyazaki is famous for ocean views atCape Toi, andSeagaia Ocean Dome, once the world's biggest indoor water park and artificial beach; and is connected withAmanoiwato Shrine, where thesun goddessAmaterasu was found hiding in acave byTajikarao and enticed out by a comic and bawdy dance byAme-no-Uzume-no-Mikoto, thus creating the world | ||
| 1,188 | 1948 | Hida Mountains | |
| 533 | Dragon dancer and ball representing the Sun or the Moon which the dragon chases at theNagasaki Kunchi festival'sJa-odori—when the dragon consumes the ball, the sky is dim, calling the rain clouds, carried out as arainmaking ritual thousands of years ago in China—representingNagasaki Chinatown | ||
| 2,520 | Daibutsu atTōdai-ji,fireworks onMount Wakakusa in an annual festival known asYamayaki the fourth Saturday of each January, when the entire mountain between two temples,Tōdai-ji andKōfuku-ji, is set ablaze | ||
| 884 | Crested ibis (Nipponia nippon),tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) andMount Myōkō | ||
| 505 | Stylizedonsenmap symbolization♨,Bungo-umeblossom (Prunus mume var. bungo) andJapanese white-eye (Zosterops japonica) | ||
| 1,025 | Momotarō and cohorts dog,monkey, andpheasant,Okayama Castle and a redoni, based on local legend | ||
| 574 | 1956-Scouting in the Ryukyu Islands | Shureimon gate-the fourChinese characters framed on the gate read 守禮之邦Shu,rei,no, andkuni, which mean 'Land of Propriety', however the kanji are writtenright-to-left 邦之禮守 in pre-World War II reading order | |
| 8,797 | 1949 | Hyotancalabash bottles representingToyotomi Hideyoshi,sakura blossoms | |
| 412 | 1949 | Black-billed magpie (Pica pica) | |
| 6,509 | Map superimposed with primrose (Primula sieboldii) | ||
| 1,278 | Map ofLake Biwa superimposed on three blue geometrics symbolizing thewaves of Lake Biwa, and which represent the three districts of Shiga Council | ||
| 446 | 1950 | Izumo-taishashimenawa, Shimane's mascot "Mikoto-kun" based onSusanoo-no-Mikoto, andYamata no Orochi | |
| 5,319 | 1921 | Mount Fuji and Scout silhouette withhiking staff waving traditionalcampaign hat | |
| 1,244 | Map, Japanesehorse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata),blue-and-white flycatcher (Cyanoptila cyanomelana) andNikkō Tōshō-gū | ||
| 373 | Awa Odori dancer and rectangleinkan of oldAwa Province, reading 阿波 | ||
| 12,577 | Tokyo Station | ||
| 506 | Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) on a backdrop of theTottori Sand Dunes; traditional symbols of the council includeKitarō caricature in Scoutberet,Medama-oyaji seated atop | ||
| 1,672 | Birdeffigy of arock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta, known as theraichō (雷鳥), which means "thunder bird", the official bird ofToyama Prefecture and is a protected species nationwide,[17] as well as mountains for the stylized logo based on theprefectural flag which form arebus of Toyama representingMount Tateyama, enclosing atulip (Tulipa)[18] in the "o" | ||
| 812 | Whale tail representing theTaiji Whale Museum inTaiji | ||
| 221 | BenibanaSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius),cherries asYamagata Prefecture is the largest producer of cherries in Japan, and a stylized map of the prefecture | ||
| 1,020 | 1948 | Choruru caricature in Scoutberet, andamanatsu, a yellowish orangecitrus hybrid fruit discovered in 1740 in Yamaguchi, and seven bitter summer mandarin (Citrus natsudaidai) blossoms representing the council's 70th anniversary in 2018 | |
| 755 | Two Scouts in traditionalcampaign hatscanoeing towardMount Fuji |
Per SAJ records,[19] membership dropped from 332,000 in 1983 to 115,000 in 2016.
Total membership at the end of March 2012 was 143,272.[20]
By the end of March 2015, membership was 105,676[16]
SAJ statistical data as of May, 2017 is 99,779, a loss of 9,749 from 2016, the first time to drop below 100,000 since the 1960s.[2]
The Scout Association of Japan hosted the13th World Scout Jamboree on theAsagiri Plateau,Shizuoka Prefecture, in 1971, and the nearly simultaneous 23rdWorld Scout Conference. Since then, it has hosted numerous other international activities, including the Asia Pacific Top Leaders Summit in 1997, the Asia-Pacific Multi-Purpose Workshop in 2000, and the 23rd Asia-Pacific/13thNippon Jamboree in 2002.Japan also hosted the 23rd World Scout Jamboree in 2015 in Yamaguchi.
An exchange program between the Scout Association of Japan and theBoy Scouts of America was started in 1998, at the suggestion of then-Prime MinisterRyutaro Hashimoto in a 1996 meeting with U.S. PresidentBill Clinton.[21]
I also received one sad e-mail Number of registered members in 2017 (as of the end of May 2017) Number of members (1) Number of member groups = 2,040 groups (down 62 groups from the previous year) Number of members = 99,779 (down 9,749 compared to previous year) (Reference) 98,676 members at the end of April (down 10,852 compared to previous year)
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