Scott Ritter | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Ritter in 2007 | |
| Born | William Scott Ritter, Jr. (1961-07-15)July 15, 1961 (age 64) Gainesville, Florida, U.S. |
| Education | Kaiserslautern American High School, Germany |
| Alma mater | Franklin and Marshall College[1] |
| Occupations |
|
| Known for | ChiefUNSCOM weapons inspector to Iraq, 1991–1998 |
| Spouse | [2] |
| Children | 2 |
| Website | scottritterextra |
William Scott Ritter Jr. (born July 15, 1961) is an American former United States Marine Corps intelligence officer, formerUnited Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) weapons inspector, author, and commentator.[3][4]
Ritter was a junior military analyst duringOperation Desert Storm.[5] He served as a member of UNSCOM overseeing the disarmament ofweapons of mass destruction (WMD) inIraq from 1991 to 1998, from which he resigned in protest. Later he became a critic of theIraq War and United States foreign policy in theMiddle East. In recent years, he has been a regular contributor to Russian state media outletsRT andSputnik. He has visitedRussia in support of Russia since the start of theRussian invasion of Ukraine.[6] In June 2024, Ritter claimed that US authorities seized his passport and prevented him from visiting Russia.[7][8][9]
In 2011, Ritter was convicted of several criminal offenses after engaging in sexually explicit online activity with a police officer who was posing as a 15 year-old girl.[10][11][12]
The son of an Air Force officer and a military nurse,[13] Ritter was born into a military family in 1961 inGainesville, Florida. He graduated fromKaiserslautern American High School inKaiserslautern west ofMannheim, Germany in 1979. He earned aBachelor of Arts degree fromFranklin & Marshall College inLancaster, Pennsylvania. He studied thehistory of the Soviet Union there and received departmental honors.[1]
While working inVotkinsk as an intelligence officer, Ritter met his second wife Marina Khatiashvili, a Soviet translator from Georgia.[14] The couple married in 1991[2] and have two children; twin daughters.[15]
Ritter was the subject of two law enforcementsting operations in 2001.[16] He was charged in June 2001 with trying to set up a meeting with an undercover police officer posing as a 16-year-old girl.[17][18] He was charged with amisdemeanor crime of "attempted endangerment of the welfare of a child". The charge was dismissed and the record was sealed after he completed six months of pre-trial probation.[18][11] Ritter suggested at the time that the case, which coincided with his prominent dissent against the buildup to the Iraq War, was a smear campaign designed to silence him.[19]
Ritter was arrested again in November 2009[20] over communications with a police decoy he met on an Internet chat site. Police said that he exposed himself, via a web camera, after the officer repeatedly identified himself as a 15-year-old girl.[4] The next month, Ritter waived his right to a preliminary hearing and was released on $25,000 unsecured bail. Charges included "unlawful contact with a minor, criminal use of a communications facility, corruption of minors, indecent exposure, possessing instruments of crime, criminal attempt and criminal solicitation".[21] Ritter rejected aplea bargain and was found guilty of all but the criminal attempt count in county court inRochester, New York on April 14, 2011.[4][22] In October 2011, he was sentenced to one and a half to five and a half years in prison.[23] He was sent toLaurel Highlands state prison inSomerset County, Pennsylvania, in March 2012 and paroled in September 2014.[10][11][24]
In June 2024, US authorities seized Ritter's passport and prevented him from visiting Russia.[7][8] According to Ritter, threeU.S. Customs and Border Protection agents stopped him as he was about to board a flight toIstanbul going to theSt. Petersburg International Economic Forum.[8] He said that the agents never showed him a warrant and never gave him a receipt when they seized his passport.[25]Vladimir Putin's spokesmanDmitry Peskov said that "details" about the situation were not clear. Peskov also said that restricting the travel of former intelligence agents "is practiced in almost all countries in relation to former intelligence officers" and that if Ritter was removed from the flight to stop him from speaking in Russia, then it was part of a “frenzied campaign to prevent U.S. citizens from establishing at least some contacts with Russia".[7]
On August 7, 2024, the FBI conducted a raid of Ritter's home near Albany as part of efforts by the Department of Justice to combat Russian election interference.[26][27]
In 1980, Ritter served in theU.S. Army as a private. In May 1984, he was commissioned as anintelligence officer in theUnited States Marine Corps. He served in this capacity for about 12 years.[28] He was the lead analyst for the Marine CorpsRapid Deployment Force concerning theSoviet invasion of Afghanistan and theIran–Iraq War.[29] His academic work focused on theBasmachi resistance movement inSoviet Central Asia during the 1920s and 1930s, and on the Basmachi commandersFaizal Maksum andIbrahim Bek.[30][31]
DuringDesert Storm (1991), as a Marinecaptain, he served as aballistic missile intelligence analyst under GeneralNorman Schwarzkopf. Ritter filed multiple internal reports challenging Schwarzkopf's claim that the US had destroyed "as many as 16" of Iraq's estimated 20 mobileScud missile launchers, arguing that they could not be confirmed.[5][32] In 1992 Ritter was quoted in aNew York Times op-ed saying "No mobile Scud launchers were destroyed during the war."[32] He later worked as a security and military consultant for theFox News network. In an interview withDemocracy Now! in 2003 he said he had "a long relationship [...] of an official nature" with the UK's foreign intelligence spy agencyMI6.[33]
Ritter worked as a weapons inspector for theUnited Nations Special Commission from 1991 to 1998, which was charged with finding and destroying all weapons of mass destruction and WMD-related manufacturing capabilities in Iraq. He was the chief inspector in fourteen of more than thirty inspection missions in which he participated.[34]
Ritter was among a group of UNSCOM weapons inspectors which regularly tookLockheed U-2 imagery toIsrael for analysis, as UNSCOM was not getting sufficient analysis assistance from the United States and the United Kingdom. That was not authorized by UNSCOM, the U-2 jet had been loaned to UNSCOM and caused him to be subjected to criticism and investigation by U.S. authorities. Iraq protested about information being given to Israel.[35][36]
Beginning in December 1997, Ritter, with the approval of UNSCOM headRichard Butler and other top UNSCOM leaders, began to supply the UK's foreign intelligence service MI6 with documents and briefings on UNSCOM's findings to be used for MI6's propaganda effort dubbed "Operation Mass Appeal": "I was approached by the British intelligence service, which I had, again, a long relationship with, of an official nature, to see if there was any information in the archives of UNSCOM that could be handed to the British, so that they could in turn work it over, determine its veracity, and then seek to plant it in media outlets around the world, in an effort to try to shape the public opinion of those countries, and then indirectly, through, for instance, a report showing up in the Polish press, shape public opinion in Great Britain and the United States. I went to Richard Butler with the request from the British. He said that he supported this, and we initiated a cooperation that was very short-lived. The first reports were passed to the British sometime in February of 1998. There was a detailed planning meeting in June of 1998, and I resigned in August of 1998.[...] This is an operation—Operation Mass Appeal, that had been going on prior to UNSCOM being asked to be the source of particular data, and it's an operation that continued after my resignation."[33]
In January 1998, Ritter's inspection team in Iraq was blocked from some weapons sites by Iraqi officials who said that information obtained from the sites would be used for future planning of attacks. UN Inspectors then left Iraq, shortly beforeOperation Desert Fox attacks began in December 1998, using information which had been gathered for the purpose of disarmament to identify targets which would reduce Iraq's ability to wage both conventional and possibly unconventional warfare. UN weapons inspectors were thereafter denied access to Iraq. Ritter spoke on thePBS show,The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer: "I think the danger right now is that without effective inspections, without effective monitoring, Iraq can in a very short period of time measured in months, reconstitute chemical and biological weapons, long-range ballistic missiles to deliver these weapons, and even certain aspects of their developing of nuclear weapons program."[37]
When the United States and the UN Security Council failed to take action against Iraq for their ongoing failure to cooperate fully with inspectors (a breach ofUnited Nations Security CouncilResolution 1154), Ritter resigned from the United Nations Special Commission on August 26, 1998.[38] In his letter of resignation, Ritter said that the Security Council's reaction to Iraq's decision earlier that month to suspend co-operation with the inspection team made a mockery of the disarmament work. Ritter later said in an interview, that he resigned from his role as a United Nations weapons inspector over inconsistencies between United Nations Security Council Resolution 1154 and how it was implemented: "The investigations had come to a standstill, were making no effective progress, and in order to make effective progress, we really needed the Security Council to step in a meaningful fashion and seek to enforce its resolutions that we're not complying with."[37]
On September 3, 1998, several days after his resignation, Ritter testified before theUnited States Senate Committee on Armed Services and theUnited States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations and said that he resigned his position "out of frustration that the United Nations Security Council, and the United States as its most significant supporter, was failing to enforce the post-Gulf War resolutions designed to disarm Iraq."[39] According to him Secretary of StateMadeleine K. Albright had supposedly "blocked more inspections in 1997 than Saddam Hussein did," a charge which Albright disputed.[40]
During the testimony on September 3, 1998, Ritter was asked by then-SenatorJoe Biden about his position on inspections, which Biden criticized as "confrontation-based policy."[41] According toBarton Gellman, Biden questioned if the inspector was trying to "appropriate the power 'to decide when to pull the trigger' of military force against Iraq," with Biden saying that the Secretary of State would also have to consider the opinion of allies, the United Nations Security Council and public opinion, before any potential intervention in Iraq.[40][42] Later on, Biden stated that the decision was "above [Ritter's] pay grade."[41][42][40] According to Gellman, Senate Democrats joined Biden and "amplified on theClinton administration's counterattack [against] Scott Ritter" with exceptions such asJohn Kerry, while Senate Republicans "were unanimous in describing Ritter's disclosures as highly damaging to the credibility of the Clinton administration on one of its core foreign policies."[40]
Ritter's testimony was disputed by Richard Butler, chief UN arms inspector for Iraq, who claimed that Ritter made factual errors and harmed UNSCOM's mission. The previous chief inspector for Iraq,Rolf Ekéus, said that Ritter was "not in a position to know all of the considerations that go into decision making on the commission," and defended Albright's support for UNSCOM. Albright publicly disputed Ritter's claims in a speech, saying "In fact, the United States has been by far the strongest international backer of UNSCOM. We have provided indispensable technical and logistical support. We've pushed and pushed and pushed some more to help UNSCOM break through the smoke screen of lies and deceptions put out by the Iraqi regime."[43]
Butler, Ritter's former UNSCOM boss, said that Ritter "wasn't prescient" in his predictions about WMDs, saying, "When he was the 'Alpha Dog' inspector, then byGod, there were more weapons there, and we had to go find them a contention for which he had inadequate evidence. When he became a peacenik, then it was all complete B.S., start to finish, and there were no weapons of mass destruction... that also was a contention for which he had inadequate evidence."[4]
Writing inThe New York Times,Matt Bai said that Butler's caveat notwithstanding, Ritter was in fact vindicated about Iraq's lack of WMDs and that the aftermath of the war could be calamitous. Bai described Ritter as the "most determined dissenter and the one with the most on-the-ground intelligence" of the situation in Iraq prior to the war.[4]
However, Bai went on to compare Ritter's insistence during his 2011 trial for sex offenses that his conduct was of no consequence to the wider community—and his unwillingness to consider a plea agreement—to the stridency with which Ritter advocated for his views on Iraq: "If there is a connection between Ritter the activist and Ritter the accused, though, it probably lies in the uncompromising, even heedless way in which he insists on his version of reality, and how he sees himself always as the victim of a system that is self-evidently corrupt. ... the very attribute that made Scott Ritter appear somehow clairvoyant on Iraq—his refusal to accede to everyone else's sense of reality—is the same one that has led him, now, to ruin."[4]
 | Thisbiography of a living personrelies too much onreferences toprimary sources. Please help by addingsecondary or tertiary sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourcedmust be removed immediately, especially if potentiallylibelous or harmful. Find sources: "Scott Ritter" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(January 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
After his resignation from UNSCOM, Ritter continued to be an outspoken commentator on U.S. policy toward Iraq, particularly with respect to the WMD issue. He became a popular anti-war figure and talk show commentator.[citation needed]
In a 2005 interview, Ritter criticized the Clinton administration's use of a blocked inspection of aBa'ath party headquarters to justifyOperation Desert Fox, a three-day bombing campaign in December 1998. During the bombing, inspectors were withdrawn from Iraq and they did not return until late 2002.[44] However, in his 1999 bookEndgame, Ritter says that he was the one who had originally pushed for the fateful inspection of the Ba'ath party headquarters over the doubts of Butler, his boss, and also planned to use 37 inspectors. It was temporarily canceled because Iraq broke off cooperation in August 1998.[45]
InEndgame: Solving the Iraq Problem — Once and For All, Ritter reiterated that Iraq had obstructed the work of inspectors and attempted to hide and preserve essential elements for restartingWMD programs at a later date. However, he also expressed frustration at alleged attempts by theCentral Intelligence Agency (CIA) to infiltrate UNSCOM and use the inspectors as a means of gathering intelligence with which to pursue regime change in Iraq–a violation of the terms under which UNSCOM operated, and the very rationale the Iraqi government had given in restricting the inspector's activities in 1998. In the book's conclusion, he criticized the U.S. policy ofcontainment in the absence of inspections as inadequate to prevent Iraq's re-acquisition of WMD's in the long term. Ritter also rejected the notion of removingSaddam Hussein's regime by force. Instead, he advocated a policy of diplomaticengagement, leading to gradual normalization of international relations with Iraq in return for diplomatic recognition ofKuwait,Kurdish autonomy and de-escalation of tensions with Israel.[46]
Ritter again promoted a conciliatory approach toward Iraq in the 2000 documentaryIn Shifting Sands: The Truth About UNSCOM and the Disarming of Iraq, which he wrote and directed. The film is about the history of the UNSCOM investigations through interviews and video footage of inspection missions. In the film, Ritter argues that Iraq is a "defanged tiger" and that the inspections were successful in eliminating significant Iraqi WMD capabilities.[47] (For more see below under "Documentary".)
In 2002, Ritter traveled to Iraq to address theIraqi Parliament as a private citizen. He told the parliament that the U.S. was about to make an "historical mistake" and urged it to allow inspections to resume.[4]
Just after the coalition invasion of Iraq was launched but prior to troops arriving inBaghdad, BritishPrime MinisterTony Blair told theParliament of the United Kingdom that theUnited States and the United Kingdom believed they had "sufficient forces" in Iraq. At the same time Ritter offered an opposing view on Portuguese radio stationTSF: "The United States is going to leave Iraq with its tail between its legs, defeated. It is a war we can not win... We do not have the military means to take over Baghdad and for this reason I believe the defeat of the United States in this war is inevitable... Every time we confront Iraqi troops we may win some tactical battles, as we did for ten years inVietnam, but we will not be able to win this war, which in my opinion is already lost."[48]
Despite identifying as aRepublican and having voted forGeorge W. Bush in 2000,[49] by 2002, Ritter was an outspoken critic of theBush administration's claims that Iraq possessed significant WMD stocks or manufacturing capabilities, the primary rationale given for theU.S. invasion of Iraq in March 2003. Prior to the war, Ritter said that the U.S. andBritish governments were using the presence of WMD's in Iraq as a political excuse for war.[4] His views at the time are summarized inWar on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You To Know a 2002 publication which consists largely of an interview between Ritter and anti-war activistWilliam Rivers Pitt.[50]
In February 2005, writing onAl Jazeera's website, Ritter wrote that the "Iraqi resistance" is a "genuine grassroots national liberation movement," and "History will eventually depict as legitimate the efforts of the Iraqi resistance to destabilize and defeat the American occupation forces and their imposed Iraqi collaborationist government."[51] In 2012, Ritter said that the U.S. was "bankrupt, morally and fiscally, because of this war. The United States is the laughingstock of the world".[4]
Ritter's documentaryIn Shifting Sands was released in 2001. It argues that Iraq did not possess weapons of mass destruction because of the UN weapons inspection program.[52] According toThe Washington Times, his documentary was partially financed byIraqi American businessmanShakir al Khafaji.[53] Al-Khafaji pleaded guilty to multiple felony charges in 2004 for his involvement in theU.N. Oil-for-Food scandal.[54]
Ritter said that there was noquid pro quo with Al-Khafaji and he told Al-Khafaji the financing "can have no connection to the Iraqi government". Ritter was asked "how he would characterize anyone suggesting that Mr. Khafaji was offering allocations in [his] name", he replied: "I'd say that person's a __ liar... and tell him to come over here so I can kick his _."[52]
On February 6, 2006, in the James A. Little Theater inSanta Fe, New Mexico, Ritter talked about a U.S. war withIran: "We just don't know when, but it's going to happen," and said that after the U.N. Security Council will have found no evidence of WMD, then Under Secretary of StateJohn Bolton "will deliver a speech that has already been written. It says America cannot allow Iran to threaten the United States and we must unilaterally defend ourselves." and continued "How do I know this? I've talked to Bolton's speechwriter".[55]
Ritter's bookTarget Iran: The Truth About the White House's Plans for Regime Change was published in 2006.[56] Nathan Guttman in his review forThe Forward said Ritter accused the "pro-Israel lobby of dual loyalty and 'outright espionage'". Ritter said that Israel was pushing the Bush administration into war with Iran.[56] He accused the pro-Israel lobby of invokingthe Holocaust and of making false claims ofantisemitism. Ritter toldThe Forward "at the end of the day, I would like to believe that most of American Jews will side with America."[56]
Con Coughlin inThe Daily Telegraph wrote about Ritter's writings of the government in Iran. Coughlin wrote that Ritter said "that the Bush administration is in danger of making the same mistake over Iran that it did during the build-up to the Iraq war, namely getting the facts to fit the administration's policy of effecting regime change inTehran". Coughlin said, Ritter concedes the "measures the Iranians have taken in pursuit of nuclear glory" which include the "concealing the existence of key nuclear facilities".[57]
In April 2022, shortly after the start of theRussia's invasion of Ukraine, Ritter tweeted that theNational Police of Ukraine was responsible for theBucha massacre and U.S. PresidentJoe Biden was a "war criminal" for "seeking to shift blame for the Bucha murders" to Russia. Ritter apparently had not commented previously on Ukraine, or Russia.[58]Human Rights Watch found evidence linking the killings to the Russian military.[59] He was suspended fromTwitter for violating its rule on "harassment and abuse" afterwards but his account was reinstated the next day.[58] His strongly pro-Russian position quickly attracted negative international attention.[59][60][61] In 2022, he became a contributor to Russian government-owned media outlets RT and Sputnik.[62][63] He compared Ukraine to a "rabid dog" which needed to be shot.[62][64] He compared the treatment of Russians under Ukrainian law toNazi Germany's treatment of Jews.[65] In October 2022, he posted a provocative tweet about Bucha, "Bucha was a war crime, Ukraine did it", to test the reaction of Twitter.[66] DisInfoChronicle, a website of theNGO Detector Media which claims to refute Russian disinformation, wrote that Ritter was being used by Russia to "promote narratives needed by the Kremlin".[66]
In July 2022, the UkrainianCenter for Countering Disinformation included Ritter on a list of what it called Russian propagandists.[67][68] In April 2022 and April 2023 Ritter said that Russia was winning the war. American government-owned news outletPolygraph.info wrote that Ritter's claims about Russia winning the war and about the Bucha massacre were false.[68] In May 2023, Ritter began abook tour ofKazan,Irkutsk, andYekaterinburg for his most recent book,Disarmament in the time of the Perestroika, which examines nuclear weapons agreements between Russia and the United States. According toEuronews, Ritter predicted that Ukraine would lose the war.[61]
In January 2024, Ritter visitedChechnya, addressing thousands of Chechen fighters in a central square inGrozny, the capital.BBC journalist Francis Scarr called it "one of the most surreal moments of the war yet.[...] Scott Ritter has turned up in Chechnya and spoken in broken Russian (some of which I couldn't make out) to thousands ofRamzan Kadyrov's fighters about his efforts to strengthen the 'friendship between Chechnya and America'." In his speech, Ritter again repeated his belief that Russia will win its war with Ukraine.[6] After Ritter's speech in Grozny, where he was being welcomed as a guest of the Chechenya, Kadyrov made a public statement that he had given Ritter a list of 20 Ukrainian prisoners-of-war he was prepared to release in return for a lifting ofUS sanctions on him and his family.[69] Kadyrov called his public statement "trolling" and said that it had not been serious.[70] Later in January 2024, Ritter arrived in theRussian-occupied Kherson Oblast region in Ukraine, guarded byGRU agents, and spoke withcollaborationistgovernorVladimir Saldo. TheKyiv Post denounced Ritter's visit as "illegal" due to the lack of Ukrainian consent.[71]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| Other | |
