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Scorpion mud turtle

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Species of turtle

Scorpion mud turtle

Red-cheeked mud turtle (K. s. cruentatum), inQuintana Roo, Mexico
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 2.3)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Family:	Kinosternidae
Genus:	Kinosternon
Species:	K. scorpioides
Binomial name
*Kinosternon scorpioides* (Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonyms^[1]
List (K. s. scorpioides) Testudo scorpioidesLinnaeus, 1766 Testudo tricarinataRetzius, 1792 Testudo retziiDaudin, 1801 Emys retziiSchweigger, 1812 Emys scorpioideaSchweigger, 1812 (ex errore) Emys scorpioidesOken, 1816 Chersine scorpioidesMerrem, 1820 Terrapene tricarinataMerrem, 1820 Kinosternon brevicaudatumSpix, 1824 Kinosternon longicaudatumSpix, 1824 Kinosternon shavianumBell, 1825 Terrapene retziiFitzinger, 1826 Terrapene scorpioideaFitzinger, 1826 Cinosternon brevicaudatumWagler, 1830 Cinosternon longicaudatumWagler, 1830 Cinosternon scorpioideaWagler, 1830 Cinosternon shavianumWagler, 1830 Clemmys tricarinataWagler, 1830 Emys (Kinosternon)scorpoidesGray, 1831 (ex errore) Kinosternon scorpioidesGray, 1831 Monoclida retzianaRafinesque, 1832 Uronyx scorpioidesRafinesque, 1832 Cinosternon scorpioideiWagler, 1833 (ex errore) Cinosternon scorpioideumWagler, 1833 (ex errore) Terrapene scorpioidesSchinz, 1833 Cinosternon scorpioidesDuméril & Bibron, 1835 Kinosternon shawianumDuméril & Bibron, 1835 (ex errore) Clemmys (Cinosternon)scorpioideaFitzinger, 1835 Kinosternon scorpoidesGray, 1844 Kinosternon (Swanka)scorpiodesGray, 1844 (ex errore) Kinosternum brevicaudatumLeConte, 1854 Kinosternum longicaudatumLeConte, 1854 Kinosternum scorpioidesLeConte, 1854 Cinosternum brevicaudatumAgassiz, 1857 Cinosternum longicaudatumAgassiz, 1857 Cinosternum scorpioidesAgassiz, 1857 Cinosternum shavianumAgassiz, 1857 Thyrosternum longecaudatumLeConte, 1859 (ex errore) Thyrosternum scorpioidesLeConte, 1859 Swanka scorpoidesGray, 1869 Swanka longicaudataGray, 1870 Swanka scorpioidesGray, 1872 Cinosternon shawianumBocourt, 1876 Ciniosternon shawianumSumichrast, 1880 Cinosternum shawianumSumichrast, 1882 Thyrosternum shavianumGarman, 1884 Cinosternum shawanianumVelasco, 1892 (ex errore) Cinosternum scorpioides scorpioidesSiebenrock, 1907 Kinosternon scorpioides pachyurumMüller & Hellmich, 1936 Kinosternon scorpioides serieiFreiberg, 1936 Kinosternon panamensisSchmidt, 1946 Kinosternon scorpioides panamenseMertens & Wermuth, 1955 (ex errore) Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioidesMertens & Wermuth, 1955 Kinosternon scorpioides pachyrumWermuth & Mertens, 1977 (ex errore) Kinosternon scorpioides sereiIverson, 1986 (ex errore) Kinosternon scorpioides serieliGosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993 (ex errore) Kinosternon scorpioides carajanensisRogner, 1996 (ex errore) (K. s. albogulare) Cinosternon albogulareDuméril & Bocourt, 1870 Cinosternum albogulareCope, 1875 Kinosternon cruentatum albogulareWettstein, 1934 Kinosternon scorpioides albogulareDunn & Saxe, 1950 (K. s. cruentatum) Cinosternon cruentatumDuméril & Bibron, 1851 Kinosternum cruentatumLeConte, 1854 Kinosternum mexicanumLeConte, 1854 Kinosternon cruentatumGray, 1856 Cinosternum cruentatumAgassiz, 1857 Cinosternum mexicanumAgassiz, 1857 Kinosternum triliratumLeConte, 1860 Cinosternon mexicanumStrauch, 1862 Cinosternon triliratumStrauch, 1862 Kinosternon mexicanumMüller, 1865 Swanka cruentataGray, 1870 Swanka mexicanaGray, 1870 Swanka trilirataGray, 1870 Thyrosternum cruentatumGarman, 1884 Cinosternum triliratumGünther, 1885 Kinosternon cruentatum cruentatumSchmidt, 1941 Kinosternon cruentatum consorsStejneger, 1941 Kinosternon crenulatumPearse, 1945 (ex errore) Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatumBerry, 1979 Kinosternon cruentatum consorObst, 1996 (ex errore)

Thescorpion mud turtle orTabasco mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) is a species ofmud turtle in the familyKinosternidae. It is found in Mexico, Central and South America.

Description

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The scorpion mud turtle is a medium to large kinosternid (mud turtle) with a domed, oval upper shell 92–270 mm (3.6–10.6 in) long. Males regularly exceed 200 mm. The scorpion mud turtle is a highly aquatic, adaptable kinosternid that will live in almost any body of water.

Subspecies

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Subspecies	Common name	Image
K. s. scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766)	Scorpion mud turtle	InBolívar, Colombia
K. s. albogulare (Duméril and Bibron, 1870)	White-throated mud turtle	InSan Andrés, Colombia
K. s. cruentatum (Duméril,Bibron &Duméril, 1851)	Red-cheeked mud turtle	In southernTamaulipas, Mexico

Diet

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It is primarily omnicarnivorous, a glutton, and feeds on a wide variety of aquatic invertebrates (such asinsects and their larvae,spiders,shrimp,crabs,snails andworms) and vertebrates (such asfish andfrogs), as well as carrion and bird eggshells.^[2]

It also feeds on plant material such asalgae,fruits,flowers,nuts,seeds andaquatic plants.^[2]^[3]

In captivity, poorly fedK. scorpioides can be cannibalistic, biting off the toes and limbs of conspecifics.^{[citation needed]}

Reproduction and habitat

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Females probably lay 1 to 6 hard-shelled eggs. Like many kinosternids, they probably construct a shallow terrestrial nest with little cover.^[4]

Gallery

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K. s. scorpioides,Bolívar, Colombia
1 year old captiveK. s. cruentatum
La Fortuna de San Carlos, Costa Rica
Aluxes Ecopark,Chiapas, Mexico
K. s. cruentatum plastron,Tamaulipas, Mexico
Plastron, inCampeche, Mexico
Plastron, in Panama
Plastron, inPuntarenas, Costa Rica

References

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^Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007)."Checklist of Chelonians of the World".Vertebrate Zoology.57 (2):255–258.doi:10.3897/vz.57.e30895.ISSN 1864-5755.S2CID 87809001.
^^a ^b"Kinosternon scorpioides (Scorpion Mud Turtle)"(PDF).Sta.uwi.edu. Retrieved9 April 2022.
^"Scorpion Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides)".
^"Kinosternon scorpiodes (Linnaeus, 1766)". U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior. Archived fromthe original on May 9, 2009. RetrievedNovember 10, 2018. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.

Linnaeus, 1766 : Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio duodecima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, Holmiae, p. 1–532.
Pritchard, P. C. H. 1979. Encyclopedia of Turtles. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune, New Jersey. 895 pp.
Pritchard, P. C. H., and P. Trebbau. 1984. The Turtles of Venezuela. Contributions to Herpetology 2. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca. 403 pp., 47 plates, 16 maps.

External links

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Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides

Kinosternidae family

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Subclass:Anapsida
Order:Testudines
Suborder:Cryptodira
Superfamily:Kinosternoidea
Family:Kinosternidae

Genera

Species of theKinosternidae family

Claudius

Narrow-bridged musk turtle

†Hoplochelys

†Hoplochelys clark

Kinosternon

Sternotherus

Staurotypus

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onturtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. Key: †=extinct.

Testudines

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Clade:Diapsida
Order:Testudines

Genus

Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)

Cheloniidae	†Allopleuron Caretta †Carolinochelys Chelonia †Eochelone Eretmochelys †Gigantatypus †Glarichelys †Itilochelys Lepidochelys †Mexichelys †Miocaretta Natator †Pacifichelys †Syllomus †Tasbacka
Dermochelyidae	†Arabemys †Corsochelys †Cosmochelys Dermochelys †Eosphargis †Mesodermochelys †Psephophorus
	†Euclastes †Peritresius †Procolpochelys †Protosphargis †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae	Dermatemys
Kinosternidae	Claudius †Hoplochelys Kinosternon Staurotypus Sternotherus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae	†Acherontemys Chrysemys Clemmys Deirochelys Emys Actinemys Emydoidea Glyptemys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Terrapene Trachemys †Wilburemys
Geoemydidae	Batagur †Banhxeochelys Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Rhinoclemmys Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys
Platysternidae	Platysternon
Testudinidae	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Centrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis †Cymatholcus †Floridemys Geochelone Gopherus †Hadrianus †Hesperotestudo Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria †Megalochelys †Oligopherus Psammobates Pyxis †Solitudo Stigmochelys †Stylemys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae	†Allaeochelys †Anosteira Carettochelys
Trionychidae	Amyda Apalone †Axestemys Chitra Cyclanorbis Cycloderma †Drazinderetes Dogania †Gilmoremys †Hutchemys †Khunnuchelys Lissemys Nilssonia Palea †Palaeoamyda Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx
	†Basilochelys †Sinaspideretes

Chelydridae	Chelydra †Chelydrops †Chelydropsis †Emarginachelys †Macrocephalochelys Macrochelys †Planiplastron †Protochelydra
†Nanhsiungchelyidae	†Anomalochelys †Basilemys †Jiangxichelys
†Protostegidae	†Alienochelys †Archelon †Atlantochelys †Bouliachelys †Calcarichelys †Cratochelone †Desmatochelys †Iserosaurus †Notochelone †Ocepechelon †Pneumatoarthrus †Protostega †Rhinochelys †Santanachelys †Terlinguachelys
	†Adocus †Argillochelys †Bashuchelys †Ctenochelys †Prionochelys †Toxochelys

Pleurodira

†Araripemydidae	†Araripemys
†Bothremydidae	†Araiochelys †Arenila †Azabbaremys †Bothremys †Cearachelys †Chedighaii †Chupacabrachelys †Eotaphrosphys †Foxemys †Galianemys †Ilatardia †Inaechelys †Itapecuruemys †Jainemys †Kinkonychelys †Kurmademys †Labrostochelys †Nigeremys †Phosphatochelys †Polysternon †Puentemys †Rosasia †Rhothonemys †Sankuchemys †Taphrosphys †Ummulisani †Zolhafah
Chelidae	Acanthochelys Chelodina Chelus Elseya Elusor Emydura Hydromedusa †Lomalatachelys Mesoclemmys Myuchelys Phrynops Platemys †Prochelidella Pseudemydura Rheodytes Rhinemys †Yaminuechelys
Pelomedusidae	Pelomedusa Pelusios
Podocnemididae	†Albertwoodemys †Bauruemys †Brontochelys †Caninemys †Carbonemys †Cerrejonemys †Cordichelys Erymnochelys †Lapparentemys †Latentemys Peltocephalus Podocnemis †Stupendemys
†Sahonachelyidae	†Sahonachelys †Sokatra

	†Caribemys †Caririemys †Tacuarembemys

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onTurtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

See alsoList of Testudines families

Taxon identifiers
Kinosternon scorpioides	Wikidata:Q596405 Wikispecies:Kinosternon scorpioides ADW:Kinosternon_scorpioides CoL:3R86W EoL:1056209 GBIF:2442361 iNaturalist:39721 IRMNG:11382464 ISC:115065 ITIS:551809 NAS:1266 NCBI:1227502 Observation.org:100209 OBIS:1476239 Open Tree of Life:969338 RD:scorpioides WoRMS:1476239

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