Scituate, Massachusetts | |
|---|---|
 Scituate Harbor | |
 Seal | |
 Location in Plymouth County in Massachusetts | |
| Coordinates:42°11′45″N70°43′35″W / 42.19583°N 70.72639°W /42.19583; -70.72639 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Massachusetts |
| County | Plymouth |
| Settled | 1630 |
| Incorporated | 1636 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Open town meeting |
| • Town Administrator | James Boudreau |
| Area | |
• Total | 31.8 sq mi (82.4 km2) |
| • Land | 17.6 sq mi (45.7 km2) |
| • Water | 14.2 sq mi (36.8 km2) |
| Elevation | 30 ft (9 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 19,063 |
| • Density | 1,080/sq mi (417.1/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−05:00 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00 (Eastern) |
| ZIP Codes |
|
| Area code | 339 /781 |
| FIPS code | 25-60330 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0618352 |
| Website | www |
Scituate (/ˈsɪtʃuɪt/ ⓘ)[1] is a seacoast town inPlymouth County, Massachusetts, United States, on theSouth Shore, midway betweenBoston andPlymouth. The population was 19,063 at the 2020 census.[2]
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TheWampanoag and their neighbors inhabited the area for thousands of years. The name Scituate is derived from "satuit", the Wampanoag term for cold brook, which refers to a brook that runs to the inner harbor of the town.
European colonization brought a group of people from Plymouth about 1627, who were joined by colonizers from the county ofKent in England. They were initially governed by theGeneral Court of Plymouth, but on October 5, 1636, the town incorporated as a separate entity.
TheWilliams-Barker House, which still remains near the harbor, is believed to have been built in 1634. Twelve homes and a sawmill were destroyed inKing Philip's War in 1676.[3] In 1710, several Europeans from Scituate emigrated toRhode Island and foundedScituate, Rhode Island.
In 1717, the western portion of the original land grant was separated and incorporated as the town ofHanover, and in 1788, a section of the town was ceded toMarshfield. In 1849, another western section became the town of South Scituate, which later changed its name toNorwell. Since then, the borders have remained essentially unchanged.
Fishing was a significant part of the local economy in the past, as was thesea mossing industry. The sea was historically an integral part of the town with occasional incidents such as that described February 13, 1894, in which eight men clinging to the vessel's rigging on a schooner grounded off Third Cliff apparently died before a large crowd watching from shore "literally frozen to the ropes" while unsuccessful rescue efforts continued through the day and their apparently lifeless bodies were covered by nightfall.[4] A small fishing fleet is still based in Scituate Harbor, although today the town is mostly residential.
In 1810, a lighthouse was erected on the northern edge of Scituate Harbor. This lighthouse is now known asOld Scituate Light. During theWar of 1812, a British naval raiding party having landed on the beach near the lighthouse was deterred by the two daughters of the lighthouse keeper. The young girls, Abigail and Rebecca Bates, marched to and fro behind sand dunes playing a fife and drum loudly. The British invaders were duped into thinking that the American army was approaching and fled. The girls and this incident became known as the "American Army of Two" or "Lighthouse Army of Two". Descendants of the Bates family still remain in Scituate.
Another notable lighthouse,Minot's Ledge Light, stands approximately one mile (1.6 km) off Scituate Neck. The Minot’s Ledge Lighthouse (also known as Minot’s Light) has been nicknamed the "I Love You Lighthouse" due to the 1–4–3 pattern that its light repeatedly emits.
Samuel Woodworth's Old Oaken Bucket house is located in Scituate. The town is also home to the Lawson Tower, a water tower surrounded by a wooden façade, with an observation deck with views of most of theSouth Shore from the top.
Financier andmuckrakerThomas Lawson built his Dreamworld estate in Scituate. The Lawson Tower remains and the Dreamworld condominium complex pays tribute.
During World War II, theFourth Cliff Military Reservation defended the Scituate area with a battery of two6-inch guns. It is now a recreation area forHanscom Air Force Base.[5]
Scituate used to be the site ofinternational broadcasting radio stationWNYW, which broadcast on theshortwave bands in the late 1960s.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 31.8 square miles (82.4 km2), of which 17.6 square miles (45.7 km2) is land and 14.2 square miles (36.8 km2), or 44.60%, is water.[6] Scituate is bordered on the east byMassachusetts Bay, on the south byMarshfield, on the west byNorwell andHingham, all of which are inPlymouth County, and on the northwest byCohasset, inNorfolk County. The town is 19 miles (31 km) northeast ofBrockton and 25 miles (40 km) southeast ofBoston.
Scituate is considered aSouth Shore community, located just south of the mouth of greaterBoston Harbor. The town is not contiguous;Humarock is a part of Scituate which can only be reached fromMarshfield. The latter was formerly connected to the town, but that connection was lost when the mouth of the South River shifted northward as the result of thePortland Gale of 1898. The town's shore varies, with the south (along the mouth of the North River) being surrounded by salt marshes, the middle (around Scituate Harbor) being sandy, and the coast of Scituate Neck (Minot) in the north exhibiting exposed granite bedrock. It is off these rocks that Minot's Ledge lies, home to the town's most famous lighthouse. The inland of the town is mostly wooded, with several brooks and rivers (including Satuit or "Cold Brook", for which the town is named) running through.
Scituate has five public beaches: Minot, Sand Hills, Egypt, Peggotty, and Humarock.
The town has no freeways running through it;Massachusetts Route 3 runs through neighboringNorwell.Route 3A runs through the town, and is known as Chief Justice Cushing Highway for this stretch, named for Chief JusticeWilliam Cushing (1732–1810). The only other state highway in town isRoute 123, which terminates at Route 3A, just 0.7 miles (1.1 km) from the town line.
There is no air service in town; the closest regional airport isMarshfield Municipal Airport, and the closest national and international air service is atLogan International Airport in Boston. There are twoMBTAcommuter rail stations. One is just off Route 3A inNorth Scituate, and the other is just east of the intersection of Routes 3A and 123 in theGreenbush neighborhood, which is the line's eastern terminus. The line is connected to an existing line inBraintree, providing service toSouth Station inBoston.[7]
Named places in the town include:[8]
"The Harbor" refers to the business district as well as the harbor itself. Scituate Harbor is used mostly by pleasure boaters and fishermen.[9]
At one time, dozens of commercial fishermen lived in Scituate, but the number has dwindled to just a handful.[10]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 2,149 | — |
| 1860 | 2,227 | +3.6% |
| 1870 | 2,350 | +5.5% |
| 1880 | 2,466 | +4.9% |
| 1890 | 2,318 | −6.0% |
| 1900 | 2,470 | +6.6% |
| 1910 | 2,482 | +0.5% |
| 1920 | 2,534 | +2.1% |
| 1930 | 3,118 | +23.0% |
| 1940 | 4,130 | +32.5% |
| 1950 | 5,993 | +45.1% |
| 1960 | 11,214 | +87.1% |
| 1970 | 16,973 | +51.4% |
| 1980 | 17,317 | +2.0% |
| 1990 | 16,786 | −3.1% |
| 2000 | 17,863 | +6.4% |
| 2010 | 18,133 | +1.5% |
| 2020 | 19,063 | +5.1% |
| 2024* | 19,598 | +2.8% |
| * = population estimate. Source:United States census records andPopulation Estimates Program data.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] | ||
As of the census[22] of 2010, there were 18,133 people, 6,694 households, and 4,920 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,039.6 inhabitants per square mile (401.4/km2). There were 7,685 housing units at an average density of 447.3 per square mile (172.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.1%White, 0.8%Black orAfrican American, 0.1%Native American, 0.8%Asian, 0.01%Pacific Islander, 1.4% fromother races, and 0.9% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 0.83% of the population.
There were 6,694 households, out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.5% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $70,868, and the median income for a family was $86,058 (these figures had risen to $86,723 and $108,138 respectively as of a 2010 estimate)16. Males had a median income of $60,322 versus $40,200 for females. The per capita income for the town was $33,940. About 1.4% of families and 2.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.5% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.
In a typical year, Scituate's temperatures fall below 50 °F (10 °C) for 184 days per year. Annual precipitation is typically 46.4 inches (1,180 mm) per year (high for the US). It may be helpful to understand the yearly precipitation by imagining nine straight days of moderate rain per year. The humidity is below 60% for approximately 34.4 days, or 9.4% of the year.[23]
The town is highly prone to the effects ofnor'easters, major storms that slam the region every winter. The strongest of these storms can produce devastating coastal flooding and hurricane force winds in Scituate and other coastal Massachusetts towns.[24]
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There are no divided highways that run through Scituate, but there are two state roads,Route 3A andRoute 123. The nearest airport to Scituate isMarshfield Municipal Airport. The nearest national and international air service can be reached atLogan International Airport inBoston.T. F. Green Airport, located outsideProvidence, Rhode Island, is an alternative to Logan, although it is located farther away.
TheGreenbush Line of theMBTA Commuter Rail begins in Scituate with theGreenbush station, proceeds north to Scituate's second stop, inNorth Scituate, where it continues to Cohasset and Hingham and finallySouth Station in Boston. The ride into Boston lasts approximately forty- five minutes.
In late 2015, theGATRA bus program was implemented in Scituate.[25][26] The program provides low-cost bus transportation within the town.
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On the national level, Scituate is a part ofMassachusetts's 8th congressional district, and is currently represented byStephen Lynch.
On the state level, all of Scituate's voting precincts are represented in theMassachusetts House of Representatives as a part of the Fourth Plymouth district, which also includes the town of Marshfield. Patrick Kearney was elected on November 6, 2018, as the state representative for these precincts. He will replace Jim Cantwell, who resigned to take a job withEd Markey. Kearney was sworn in on January 2, 2019.[27] The third precinct is a part of the Third Plymouth district, which includes Hingham, Hull and Cohasset, and is represented by Joan Meschino. The town is represented in theMassachusetts Senate as a part of thePlymouth and Norfolk district, which includes the towns of Cohasset, Duxbury, Hingham, Hull, Marshfield Norwell and Weymouth.[28]
Scituate is governed on the local level by theopen town meeting form of government, and is led by a town administrator, Clarke Sheehan, and aboard of selectmen. The town hall, police and fire station 3 are all located in buildings along Route 3A, just down the street from the traditional center of town. There is also a firehouse in Humarock and the Fire Headquarters is on First Parish Rd near Scituate Harbor. Emergency services are also provided by the town, with the nearest hospitals being located inQuincy,Weymouth,Plymouth, andBrockton. There are four post offices throughout the town, located in Humarock, near the harbor, in North Scituate and inGreenbush. The Scituate Town Library is located near Scituate Center, and is a member of the Old Colony Library Network (OCLN). The town also operates a highway department, as well as several parks, beaches and marinas. TheCoast Guard also has a station at Scituate Harbor.
In 2002, Scituate voters adopted theCommunity Preservation Act (CPA) for the acquisition, preservation, restoration or creation of open space, historical purposes, land for recreational use and the creation and support of community housing.
Since then, voters have approved funding for many noteworthy projects: restoration of historic treasures likeLawson Tower, Cudworth House, and Stockbridge Mill, andOld Scituate Light; purchase of increasingly threatened open space—more than 400 acres to date containing much wildlife and scenic trails; acquisition of the Mordecai Lincoln Homestead on the Gulf River (owned byAbraham Lincoln's great, great, great grandfather); and construction of recreational facilities at Hatherly and Cushing Schools, the athletic complex atScituate High School, and several playgrounds and sports fields around town.
| Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of August 24, 2024[29] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Number of Voters | Percentage | |||
| Democratic | 3,624 | 24.24% | |||
| Republican | 1,987 | 15.42% | |||
| Libertarian | 39 | 0.23% | |||
| Minor Parties | 141 | 0.95% | |||
| Unenrolled | 10,832 | 59.16% | |||
| Total | 16,586 | 100% | |||
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Scituate's public schools provide co-ed classes for grades K–12. Hatherly Elementary School, Cushing Elementary School, Wampatuck Elementary School and (the most recently opened) Jenkins Elementary School serve grades K–5, the newly openedLester J. Gates Middle School, which bears the same name as the old Intermediate school, serves grades six through eight and was opened just in time for the 2017–2018 school year.Scituate High School serves 9–12. Scituate High's teams are known as the Sailors, and their colors are blue, white, and black. The teams compete in the MIAA's Divisions 2 and 3, in the Patriot League. Their chief rivals areNorwell andCohasset, whom they border, and Hingham, whom they play in their annualThanksgiving Day football game.
High school students may also choose to attendSouth Shore Vocational Technical High School in Hanover free of charge. Also, many students, specifically in high school, commute to private schools in and around Boston, most commonly,Thayer Academy andArchbishop Williams in Braintree,Boston College High School (boys only) in Dorchester, andNotre Dame Academy (girls only) in Hingham. Boston College High enrolled 61 young men from Scituate in the 2005–06 school year.
The annual St. Patrick's Day Parade takes place on the third Sunday in March and runs from Greenbush-Driftway to Scituate Harbor. In addition to the parade, the celebration includes the Mad Hatter's Ball, the Annual Mayor's Race, and the St. Pat's Plunge into the chilly Atlantic Ocean at Peggotty Beach. These events are fundraisers for local charities. With nearly 50% of Scituate residents being of Irish descent, St. Patrick's Day festivities are a local favorite.[30]
According to the official parade website,[31] the parade began inMinot, Massachusetts, in 1995 as a small procession around the block to celebrate St. Patrick's Day.
An annual outdoor event in the Scituate Harbor area featuring live music, entertainment, artisan crafts, kids activities and historical site visits.The event takes place for one weekend in the month of August.
Scituate is mentioned as a good fishing spot inNathaniel Hawthorne's short story,The Village Uncle.
Scituate has threesister cities:
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