Science Saru utilizes a hybrid animation production method which combines hand-drawn animation andFlash animation, a technique not previously used in Japanese animation.[15] The studio was led by Eunyoung Choi until 2025.[16]
The studio's name,Science Saru, translates into English as "Science Monkey".[17] Company co-founder Masaaki Yuasa frequently drew himself as a monkey in self-portraits, but wanted his company to be smarter than a monkey; as a result, he added the wordScience in front ofSaru with the intent of having a company that possesses both instinct and intelligence.[18]
Co-founder Eunyoung Choi further described the meaning behind the name:
We thought about a lot of possible names for the studio... Science is like logic, business, numbers, plans, technology, and new tools. On the other hand, 'Saru' means monkey in Japanese. As animators, we put in creativity, intuition, art, enjoying moments and being playful… a kind of 'monkeying around'. We want to keep these personalities in Science Saru. Thus, we wanted to create a balance. 'Science' is in English, which highlights being international, and 'Saru' in Japanese maintains traditional anime.[17]
Science Saru was founded on February 4, 2013 by Masaaki Yuasa and Eunyoung Choi.[1] Yuasa and Choi had previously worked together on numerous projects,[19] and Choi had prior experience leading Ankama Japan, a studio which utilized similar digital animation production techniques and employed a multinational staff.[20][21][22] The creation of the studio was proposed by Choi during the making of the short filmKick-Heart (2013),[17] which was the first large-scale Japanese animated project to be successfully crowdfunded onKickstarter.[23] The studio's first official production under the Science Saru name was an episode of the AmericanAdventure Time animated series entitledFood Chain (2014), on which Yuasa worked as director, writer, and storyboard artist; Choi served as co-director.[1] By July 2014, the studio was also recognized for creating the digital animation for Yuasa's animated seriesPing Pong the Animation (2014).[24]
Science Saru's first production location was a small suburban house converted into an impromptu animation studio. By the end of 2013, the company had expanded to a staff of five, including Yuasa, Choi, andAbel Góngora, a former member of Ankama Japan;[17][25] the studio's first productions began with this small crew.[15]
Science Saru began its corporate activities by taking on subcontracting work, as well as by collaborating with other studios on projects. The studio's first project was theAdventure Time episodeFood Chain (2014). The episode was produced entirely in-house, and Yuasa and Choi were given free rein by series creatorPendleton Ward to develop the episode as they saw fit.[26]Food Chain received critical acclaim as one of the best episodes of the series,[27][28][29] was an official competition selection at Annecy,[30] and was nominated for theAnnie Award for Outstanding Television Direction.[31] Another early highlight was Yuasa's television seriesPing Pong the Animation (2014); Science Saru provided 'digitally assisted' animation production services,[32] whileTatsunoko Production served as the primary studio. The series was awarded a Jury Selection Prize at theJapan Media Arts Festival,[33] and won the Grand Prize for Television Animation at theTokyo Anime Awards Festival; additionally, character designer and longtime collaborator Nobutake Ito won the Best Animator award for individual achievement.[34]Ping Pong the Animation was subsequently highlighted as one of the best Japanese animated series of the decade.[35][36][37][38] Science Saru also provided production assistance on a pair of episodes of theBones television seriesSpace Dandy (2014); and both received critical acclaim.[39][40][41][42][43]
Additional subcontracting work included opening credits animation for several of the animatedGaro series (2014-15; 2017-18);[32] animation assistance forYo-kai Watch: The Movie (2014),[32] a pair ofCrayon Shin-chan films (2014, 2015),[32] andTyphoon Noruda (2015); and animation production for the promotional mini-seriesWhat's Debikuro? (2014),[32][44] the music videoSong of Four Seasons (2015),[32] and promotional episodes for the American animated seriesOK K.O.!: Let's Be Heroes (2015-17).[32]
By early 2016, Science Saru had gained experience and built a name in the industry; while still a small team, the company was ready to undertake its first large-scale project. The studio's first feature film production, the family-friendly fantasy filmLu Over the Wall (2017), was produced in less than 16 months using 'digitally assisted' animation techniques.[15] Yuasa directed and co-wroteLu Over the Wall; it was his first feature film with an original story.[45] During the production ofLu Over the Wall, Yuasa and Science Saru were offered the opportunity to produce a second feature film, the comedy romanceNight Is Short, Walk On Girl (2017), based on the novel byTomihiko Morimi.[46] Prior to the establishment of Science Saru, Yuasa had directed a television series adaptation of Morimi's novelThe Tatami Galaxy (2010);[47] Yuasa had originally hoped to adaptNight is Short, Walk On Girl immediately after that production, but was unable to at the time. When he was offered the opportunity in 2016, he immediately agreed. This resulted in the pre-production work onNight is Short, Walk On Girl overlapping with the post-production ofLu Over the Wall.[48] AlthoughLu Over the Wall was completed first, it was released afterNight is Short, Walk On Girl; this was in part due to a marketing suggestion that it might be preferable for the studio's first film to be based on a pre-existing property familiar to Japanese audiences.[49]
2018 was the year that saw Science Saru, and in particular Masaaki Yuasa, achieve international recognition and prominence.[55]Lu Over the Wall andNight is Short, Walk On Girl, as well as Yuasa's pre-Science Saru feature filmMind Game (2004), were licensed for North American distribution byGKIDS.[56] Most significant to Science Saru's growing popularity was theNetflix release of Yuasa's animated seriesDevilman Crybaby (2018), based on the manga byGo Nagai.[57] The series represented a dramatic scaling up of Science Saru's production capacity; prior to this project, the company had operated with a limited staff of 20-25 people, but work on the series necessitated expansion, including the hiring of episode directors and new creative talents.[58]Devilman Crybaby was an immediate and massive international hit;[59][60] with 90% of its viewers outside Japan, the series achieved the largest global audience for the studio to that date.[61] The series inspiredinternet memes,[11][62] was profiled by YouTuberPewDiePie,[63] and was widely discussed onTwitter.[64] The series was nominated in 7 categories at theCrunchyroll Anime Awards and won for Anime of the Year and director of the Year,[65] was awarded a Jury Selection Prize at the Japan Media Arts Festival,[66] was cited byVulture as containing one of the 100 most influential sequences in global animation history,[67] and was listed as one of the best Japanese animated series of the decade.[35][36][37][68][69]
In 2019, Science Saru produced Yuasa's next feature film, the romanceRide Your Wave (2019). An original story,[70] the film earned Science Saru the studio's best reviews to date.[71]Ride Your Wave was an official competition selection at Annecy,[72] was nominated for the Mainichi Film Award for Best Animation Film, was nominated for Annie Awards in the categories of Best Indie Feature and Outstanding Feature Film Direction,[73] received a Jury Selection Prize at the Japan Media Arts Festival,[74] and won Best Animated Feature Film awards at theShanghai International Film Festival,[75]Fantasia International Film Festival,[76] andSitges Film Festival.[77] Also in 2019, Science Saru produced the seriesSuper Shiro (2019), an installment of the popularCrayon Shin-chan franchise created byYoshito Usui. The series was directed by Yuasa and veteran animatorTomohisa Shimoyama (making his directorial debut). Yuasa's involvement was the culmination of a long association withCrayon Shin-chan, having first animated for the franchise in the 1990s.[78][79] The end of the year saw the 2010s heralded as Masaaki Yuasa's "breakout decade";[80][81] collectively,Devilman crybaby and the release of Yuasa's films in the United States led to him being highlighted as one of the most important and exciting directors in animation.[11][61][82]
In 2020, Science Saru produced the comedy television seriesKeep Your Hands Off Eizouken! (2020). Directed by Yuasa and based on the manga by Sumito Ōwara,[83] the series boosted sales of the original manga,[84] inspired internet memes,[85][86] and won the Japanese Broadcast Critics Association's monthlyGalaxy Award during its broadcast run.[87] Following the conclusion of the broadcast,Keep Your Hands Off Eizouken! received critical acclaim as one of the best Japanese animated series of both the season that it aired and the year as a whole,[88][89][90][91][92][93][94] and was recognized byThe New York Times andThe New Yorker as one of the best television series of 2020.[95][96] The series was nominated in 10 categories at the Crunchyroll Anime Awards and won for Director of the Year and Best Animation,[97] was awarded the Grand Prize for Television Animation at the Tokyo Anime Awards Festival,[98] and received the Japan Media Arts Festival Grand Prize for Animation.[14] Later that year, Science Saru produced the Netflix seriesJapan Sinks: 2020 (2020), based on the disaster novel bySakyo Komatsu. Yuasa directed in conjunction with Pyeon-Gang Ho, who made her directorial debut with the series.[99] The series attracted criticism within Japan for its condemnation ofJapanese nationalism,[100] but also received positive attention for its multiculturalism and inclusiveness,[101] and was named as one of the best Japanese animated series of 2020.[92][102] The first episode of the series was awarded the Annecy Jury Prize for a Television Series,[9] and the series as a whole received two nominations at the Crunchyroll Anime Awards.[97] A film compilation version of the series was subsequently released in Japanese theaters in November 2020,[103] and was awarded a Jury Selection Prize at the Japan Media Arts Festival.[104]
On March 25, 2020, Masaaki Yuasa stepped down as president and representative director of Science Saru. Yuasa cited his desire to take a rest from directing after seven years of continuous work, but reaffirmed his commitment to completing additional projects with Science Saru in the future.[105] Eunyoung Choi subsequently became CEO and president of the studio. She likewise affirmed Yuasa's continued involvement with the company as a creator,[16] and noted that the studio will look to develop additional projects with other directors.[101][106] During the 2020COVID-19 pandemic, Science Saru was able to adjust quickly and continue production,[101][107] despite much of the Japanese animation industry being affected.[108] In October 2020, Science Saru entered into a non-exclusive strategic partnership with Netflix covering the development of new series and content.[109]
In early 2021, Yuasa was recognized by the Japanese government'sAgency for Cultural Affairs, which awarded him the Cabinet Minister Award for Media Fine Arts for his significant career achievements with Science Saru, as well as for his works prior to establishing the studio.[110] Later that year, Yuasa was further recognized with theMedal of Honor with Purple Ribbon by the Japanese government in recognition of his distinguished contributions to artistic and cultural development.[111]
In fall 2021, Science Saru released a pair of interrelated projects: the Masaaki Yuasa feature filmInu-Oh (2021), and the animated television seriesThe Heike Story (2021). Based on the novel by Hideo Furukawa and featuring character designs byPing Pong creatorTaiyō Matsumoto,Inu-Oh is a musical drama film set during the 14th Century in Japan which centers on the unique and unexpected friendship between two travelingNoh performers. The film premiered at the78th Venice International Film Festival on September 9, 2021, with a worldwide theatrical release to follow in 2022.[3][112] The film was licensed for North American theatrical and home-video distribution by GKIDS,[113] and was released in US theaters in August 2022.[114] Upon its debut on the international festival circuit,Inu-Oh received immediately critical acclaim and excellent reviews from international critics,[115] was nominated for theGolden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film,[116] and won the Mainichi Film Awards' Ōfuji Noburō Award and the Best Animated Feature Film award at the Fantasia International Film Festival.[12][117] Produced simultaneously withInu-Oh, the television seriesThe Heike Story adapts author Hideo Furukawa's translation of the epic ancient Japanese historical narrativeThe Tale of the Heike. The series was directed byNaoko Yamada and focuses on both the politics and devastation of theGenpei War, a cataclysmic civil war in the 12th Century that divided Japan, and the personal lives and tragedies of the women of both warring clans who are caught up in the conflict. The series premiered on September 15, 2021 in North America on theFunimation streaming service, with premieres the following day on the Japanese streaming service FOD (operated byFuji TV) and the Chinese streaming serviceBilibili; a Japanese television broadcast on Fuji TV's+Ultra programming block followed in January 2022.[5][118] Following the conclusion of its streaming release,The Heike Story was named one of the best series of 2021,[119][120][121][122][123][124] and was nominated in 3 categories for the 2022 Anime Trending Awards.[125]
Additionally, in September 2021, Science Saru produced two short films for the animated anthology projectStar Wars: Visions (2021). The shorts, entitledAkakiri andT0-B1, were part of a nine-film anthology of shorts, all of which premiered on September 22 worldwide onDisney+.Akakiri was directed by Eunyoung Choi and centers on the story of a princess and a Jedi, whileT0-B1 was directed by Abel Góngora and follows the adventures of a droid who dreams of becoming a Jedi and exploring the galaxy.[4][126] The anthology as a whole received stellar reviews,[127] with Science Saru's films highlighted as particular standouts.[128][129][130][131][132]Star Wars: Visions was heralded as one of the best animated projects of the year,[119][122][123][124][133][134][135][136][137][138] as well as one of the bestStar Wars titles in a decade or more.[139][140][141] Episodes of the anthology project were also nominated for multiple awards.[142][143][144]
Science Saru's following project was an animated adaptation of the novelTatami Time Machine Blues. Based on the novel of the same name written by Tomihiko Morimi and derived from a concept by Makoto Ueda,Tatami Time Machine Blues serves as a sequel toThe Tatami Galaxy, which Yuasa adapted as a television series in April 2010, prior to the establishment of Science Saru.[150] The project was directed byShingo Natsume, while screenwriter Makoto Ueda, character designer Yusuke Nakamura, and the majority of the original Japanese voice cast reprise their creative roles fromThe Tatami Galaxy.[151][152] The project initially debuted as a series on Disney+ in 2022, with a theatrical compilation film following later that year;[153] the Disney+ release included an original episode that was not part of the theatrical compilation.[152]
On May 23, 2024, it was announced thatToho would buy all of Science SARU's shares and make it a subsidiary, which was completed by June 19 the same year.[154]
Science Saru utilizes a combination oftraditional hand drawn animation and digital animation created using multiple software programs, includingAdobe Animate. The studio refers to its animation production method and resultant style as 'digitally assisted animation.' When utilizing 'digitally assisted animation', the initial animation work, called key animation (where the key poses of movement are established), is drawn by hand, and then recreated digitally for the stages of inbetween animation (used to create smooth movement by filling in the gaps between keyframe poses), as well as for coloring.[15] The advantage of this production technique is increased efficiency, allowing projects to be completed faster and with a smaller crew;[15][155] the small team focus allows for a strong understanding of the director's artistic vision.[155] This approach to animation production has won praise from creators and industry publications.[24]
Science Saru's diversity is also unique among Japanese animation studios: it employs a multicultural animation staff. According to Choi, staff are chosen based on skill regardless of national origin, and the inclusion of global perspectives helps create more well-rounded stories.[155][101]
For the purposes of the list below, all films and series upon which Science Saru worked are listed. Titles which Science Saru produced or co-produced are shaded in grey; titles for which the studio served as a subcontractor are shaded in yellow.
For the purposes of the list below, all films and series upon which Science Saru worked are listed. Titles which Science Saru produced or co-produced are shaded in grey; titles for which the studio served as a subcontractor are shaded in yellow.
Abel Góngora & Juan Manuel Laguna (episodes 1, 4, 8)
Toby Jones & Stu Livingston (episode 1), Ryann Shannon (episodes 4, 8)
N/A
N/A
N/A
Promotional episodes of the series created byIan Jones-Quartey and produced by Cartoon Network Studios; animation production services (episodes 1, 4, 8)[32]
