| Naval officer ranks |
|---|
| Flag officers |
| Senior officers |
| Junior officers |
Schout-bij-nacht (pronounced[ˈsxʌudbɛiˈnɑxt]ⓘ) is a naval rank of Dutch origin.
Theschout-bij-nacht was responsible for ensuring that a fleet continued to sail in the prescribed order at night. The title comes from the title of the officer who replaced the admiral at night, from the Middle Low Germanschulthete meaning commanding official, cognate to the modern GermanSchultheiß, and was therefore called night commander, captain at night orschout-bij-nacht.[1]
In theDano-Norwegian navy, the rank ofschout by nacht was codified on 11 February 1693, byKing Christian V. In the second publication of theDanish order of precedence, the rank ofschout by nacht was placed below vice admirals (Danish:vice-admiral), and abovecommander-captains (Commandeur-Capitainer til Søes).[2] In 1771, the rank was replaced withcounter admiral.[3]
| Schout-bij-nacht | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Sleeve insignia | |
| Country |  Netherlands |
| Service branch |  Royal Netherlands Navy |
| Rank group | Flag officer |
| NATOrank code | OF-7 |
| Formation | 15th century |
| Next higher rank | Vice admiral |
| Next lower rank | Commander |
| Equivalent ranks | Major general |
It is the second most junioradmiral position of the Dutch Navy, ranking abovecommandeur ("commodore") and below avice-admiraal ("vice admiral").[4]
The rank is rated OF-7 within theNATO rank structure, usually equivalentcounter admiral, andrear admiral.[5]
In theImperial Russian Navy the rank of Schout-bij-nacht (Russian:шаутбенахт,romanized: shautbenakht) was kept until 1732, when the rank was replaced with counter admiral (контр-адмирал,kontr-admiral).[6][7]
Schoutbynacht was a rank used in the Swedish Navy from 1630 to 1771.[8] It was then replaced by the rank ofKonteramiral.[9]