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Schemmerhofen | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Schemmerhofen within Biberach district  | |
 Location of Schemmerhofen | |
  Schemmerhofen  Schemmerhofen | |
| Coordinates:48°10′N9°47′E / 48.167°N 9.783°E /48.167; 9.783 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Baden-Württemberg |
| Admin. region | Tübingen |
| District | Biberach |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2022–30) | Klaus Wilhelm Tappeser[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 50.21 km2 (19.39 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 520 m (1,710 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 8,742 |
| • Density | 174.1/km2 (450.9/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 88433 |
| Dialling codes | 07356 |
| Vehicle registration | BC |
| Website | schemmerhofen.de |
Schemmerhofen (German pronunciation:[ˈʃɛmɐhoːfn̩]) is amunicipality ("Gemeinde") in the district ("Landkreis") ofBiberach inBaden-Württemberg,Germany. Schemmerhofen is located in theUpper Swabia region ("Oberschwaben" or "Schwäbisches Oberland") of Baden-Württemberg.
The municipality of Schemmerhofen is located 9 km (5.6 mi) north of the district town ("Kreisstadt")Biberach an der Riß. The municipality includes, in addition to the village of Schemmerhofen, the formerly autonomous villages of Schemmerberg, Ingerkingen, Altheim, Aßmannshardt and Alberweiler. The settlements ("Wohnplätze") Bachhof, Britschweiler, Brühlhof, Eichelsteig, Grafenwald, Mittenweiler, Öschhof and Ziegelei likewise fall under the municipality's jurisdiction.
The river Mühlbach flows through Aßmannshardt, Alberweiler and Schemmerhofen before emptying into the riverRiß. The Riß in turn travels north through Schemmerberg before flowing into theDanube.
The municipality has a total population of 8,082.
It is impossible today to determine whether the termScammara in a document in the year 851 referred to the village of Langenschemmern or Schemmerberg. Later references toad Scammares in 1095,Schamern in 1127,Scammun in 1242 andKrutschemmern in 1319, indicate that no distinction was made during this period between the two towns. Only in 1361 isLandenschammar referenced for the first time.
From the end of the 14th century, a distinction was made betweenOberschemmern andUnterschemmern (Upper and Lower Schemmern), even though the shortened nameSchemmern, as well as the name used today, was also mentioned during this period.Schemmern is related to the wordSchiene and refers to thereedbeds in the Riß River valley.
Originally, thehamlets ofAufhofen andLangenschemmern formed a single political entity. However, after the annexation by the newly formedKingdom ofWürttemberg in 1806, the inhabitants of Aufhofen chose to secede from Langenschemmern. Since the properties of the inhabitants were spread over the territories of both villages, the separation was not completed until 1843.
As part of the territorial reform ("Gebietsreform") in Baden-Württemberg, Langenschemmern and Aufhofen reunited on 1 August 1972 to become the community of Schemmerhofen.
Schemmerhofen currently has a population of 2928.
Schemmerberg has a population of 1220.
First mentioned in 1267 asSchamerberg, Schemmerberg has had its ownparish church, dedicated toSaint Martin, since 1275. The origin of this church dates back to the earlier period ofChristianization ofUpper Swabia in the EarlyMiddle Ages.
Originally belonging to theHerren ofSchaemmern, Schemmerberg was divided in the late Middle Ages: one part belonging to the Counts ofWartstein and the other to theHerren ofSulmetingen. Both of these dominions held their land rights in Schemmerberg asvassals of the Austrian House ofHabsburg.
The Counts of Wartstein sold their rights incrementally to theImperial AbbeySalem during the 13th and 14th century. WhenJakob andSebastian von Sulmetingen also sold their possessions in Schemmerberg to the Imperial Abbey Salem in 1496, the entire village was owned by this abbey. As part of the Salem Abbey, Schemmerberg fell under the jurisdiction of the bailiffs ofUpper Swabia, who resided inAltdorf. Due to the distance to Altdorf, KingMaximilian I granted the Salem Abbey the right to establish a legal court in Schemmerberg in 1497.
During theGerman Peasants' War, theBaltringer Haufen looted and destroyed the Schemmerberg Castle on 26 March 1525, after the resident monks had fled toBiberach an der Riss. The castle was rebuilt in 1532 and eventually demolished in 1837.
In 1742, the Salem Abbey received the privilege to inflicthigh justice ("Blutgerichtsbarkeit" or "Blutgericht").
Following theReichsdeputationshauptschluss, (themediatisation andsecularisation of numeroussecular andecclesiasticalprincipalities within the formerHoly Roman Empire) Schemmerberg became subject to the princely house ofThurn und Taxis. In 1806, Schemmerberg was annexed by the newly formedKingdom ofWürttemberg.
On January 1, 1974, Schemmerberg was incorporated into the municipality of Schemmerhofen.
Ingerkingen has a population of 1194.
Ingerkingen is a village situated along the road connecting the formerFree Imperial CitiesBiberach andEhingen. This road was of Roman origin.
The existence of a local aristocratic dynasty was first documented when, in 1246,Friedrich von Magenbuch transferred ownership of ademesne to the Imperial Abbey of Salem. In the course of this transaction, the brothersKonrad andHermann von Ingerichingen renounced their rights to the demesne. Furthermore, several members of the local aristocracy appeared as witnesses in documents: in 1263 and 1286 a certainKonrad von Ingerichingen and in 1298 a certainDietherus von Ingiringen. In 1314Reinhard von Ingerichingen donated farms in the hamlet of Edenbachen to the ImperialOchsenhausen Abbey.
Although Ingerkingen was under the jurisdiction of the Austrian house ofHabsburg, theImperial Knight ofStadion were enfeoffed with this right. When a royal decree on 10 December 1494 extended this jurisdiction to all inhabitants of Ingerkingen, a long-lasting conflict with the monastery ofBuchau and the Imperial City of Biberach ensued, both of which feared this would infringe the rights they held in Ingerkingen. This was only resolved whenHans-Walter von Stadion sold the rights of low and high justice together with six farms of varying size to Biberach on 5 April 1526. The Imperial City of Biberach was to be the owner of Ingerkingen until 1801, when, as a result of theTreaty of Lunéville, the village fell to theMargrave ofBaden,Charles Frederick, only to be annexed by the newly formedKingdom ofWürttemberg in 1806.
On 1 January 1975, Ingerkingen was incorporated into the municipality of Schemmerhofen.
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Altheim has a population of 686.
First mentioned in 851, Altheim is believed to be aFrankish foundation.
After having belonged to the territory of theImperial Knight ofWarthausen and their successors, the Counts ofWartenstein during the 13th and 14th centuries, the ownership of the village became divided between several entities. In 1304, parts of the village came into the ownership of the Imperial Abbey of Salem. The rest of the village belonged to the dynasty of theImperial Knight ofStadion. This part was transferred into the possession of the Imperial Knight ofSchienen zu Gammerschwang in 1505, who in turn transferred it to the Imperial Knight ofStauffenberg in 1591. On 12 November 1621,Hans Christoph Schenk von Stauffenberg sold half the village to the Imperial Abbey of Salem.
The development of the village was heavily influenced by these incessant partitions of rulership.In 1699, Altheim counted 12 houses belonging to the Imperial Abbey of Salem, 33 houses to the Imperial Knight ofStauffenberg and 2 houses to the monastery of Buchau.
Together with Schemmerberg, Altheim first fell to the princely house of Thurn and Taxis, following theReichsdeputationshauptschluss, only to be annexed by the newly formed Kingdom Württemberg in 1806.
On 1 January 1975, Altheim was incorporated into the municipality of Schemmerhofen.
Aßmannshardt has a population of around 920.
Aßmannshardt was first mentioned asAßmundeshart around 1180 in the Codex Hirsaugiensis, a book which systematically recorded all donations toHirsau Abbey. Evidence of earlier settlement has been discovered in severaltumuli which were dated to theHallstadt culture. The name of the village contains the elements of a personal nameAsmunt and the wordhart which means forest or meadow.
toponymic evidence, such asLeithauser Wiesen,Lindacher-Weg-Ösch andAufhofer Weiher, suggests that there were more settlements on the territory that now constitutes the village of Aßmannshardt. Another name of a village now lost is mentioned when during the late Middle Ages a conflict arose between the parish Aßmannshardt andAttenweiler regarding the rights held inHusshoven.
A local aristocratic dynasty was first recorded at the end of the 13th century when, in 1288,Konrad Schenk von Asmushard donated a meadow in Altheim. After 1300, the village was held bySeneschalWalter von Warthausen as a fief from CountWalter von Landau. Together withWarthausen, the village was sold to the house of Habsburg in 1331. It remained under the ultimate sovereignty of the house of Habsburg until 1806, being part of thebarony of Warthausen. Warthausen, having been mortgaged several times, finally came into the possession of the Imperial City of Biberach in 1446 only to be released from Biberach's rule after theProtestant Reformation was introduced there. In 1529,Martin Schad ofMittelbiberach acquired the rights to Warthasuen and the village of Aßmannshardt. His family owned the village until they died out in theagnatic line in 1696, after which the Counts ofStadion were enfeoffed with Warthausen and thereby also Aßmannshardt.
During theThirty Years War (1618–1648), Aßmannshardt was devastated. Most of the inhabitants died of war,plague and starvation. The village itself was burnt down. In order to repopulate the village, settlers from theAlps were introduced, mostly fromMontafon andVorarlberg. In 1662, there was not a single inhabitant who had either been born or brought up in the village.
The barony, which officially had been part of the Kingdom of Württemberg since 1806, was sold to the state on 16 January 1826 byJohann Philipp Eduard von Stadion, thereby relinquishing all seigneurial rights.
On 1 January 1975, Aßmannshardt was incorporated into the municipality of Schemmerhofen.
Alberweiler has a population of 753.
There is evidence to suggest that the village was founded in the 8th or 9th century. In the 11th century, Alberweiler consisted of seven fishermen's huts, a chapel and the local castle (Alberweiler Castle). In 1092 a parish church was mentioned.
Alberweiler was subject to the Counts of Warthausen, a collateral line of which had its residence there, until 1585, when it came into the possession of the Counts of Stadion.
The hamlet ofGrafenwald belonged to Alberweiler. Originally owned by the Counts ofBerg, the forest was cleared in 1581 and, following further clearing in 1683, was farmed by four tenants.
On 1 January 1975, Alberweiler was incorporated into the municipality of Schemmerhofen.
The municipal council consists of 19 members, each representing the whole municipality. Each council member is elected for a five-year term. The council is chaired by the mayor.
| Name | Representing |
|---|---|
| Hermann Ackermann | Alberweiler |
| Anton Bogenrieder | Altheim |
| Anton Hagel | Altheim |
| Florian Braun | Aßmannshardt |
| Frank Sauter | Aßmannshardt |
| Paul Haid | Ingerkingen |
| Jürgen Steinle | Ingerkingen |
| Jürgen Weber | Ingerkingen |
| Christian Engstler | Schemmerberg |
| Josef Hinsinger | Schemmerberg |
| Reiner Lebherz | Schemmerberg |
| Brigitte Bertsch | Schemmerhofen |
| Josef Bosshart | Schemmerhofen |
| Reinhold Brehm | Schemmerhofen |
| Christoph Glaser | Schemmerhofen |
| Christine Keller | Schemmerhofen |
| Jörg Rapp | Schemmerhofen |
| Josef Rapp | Schemmerhofen |
Schemmerhofen is a predominantly agricultural municipality. There is no large scale industry.
Schemmerhofen is situated on theBundesstraße 465 as well as on theUlm-Friedrichshafen rail line. The closest passenger rail station is in Schemmerberg. The Langenschemmern station is only used byfreight trains to transport sand andgravel.
