Scáthach (Irish:[ˈsˠkaːhəx]) orSgàthach (Scottish Gaelic:Sgàthach an Eilean Sgitheanach) is a figure in theUlster Cycle ofIrish mythology. She is a legendaryScottishwarrior woman andmartial arts teacher who trains the legendaryUlster heroCú Chulainn in the arts of combat. Texts describe her homeland as Scotland (Alpeach); she is especially associated with theIsle of Skye, where her residenceDún Scáith ("Fortress of Shadows") stands.[2][3] She is called "the Shadow" and "Warrior Maid" and is the rival and sister ofAífe, both of whom are daughters of Árd-Greimne of Lethra.[4][5]
Scáthach's instruction of the young hero Cú Chulainn notably appears inTochmarc Emire (The Wooing of Emer), an early Irish foretale to the great epicTáin Bó Cúailnge. Here, Cú Chulainn is honour-bound to perform a number of tasks before he is found worthy to marry his belovedEmer, daughter of the chieftain Forgall Monach. The tale survives in two recensions: a short version written mainly inOld Irish and a later, expanded version of the Middle Irish period. In both recensions, Cú Chulainn is sent toAlpae, a term literally meaning "the Alps", but apparently used here to refer toScotland (otherwiseAlbu in Irish).[6] Cú Chulainn is sent there withLóegaire andConchobor, and in the later version also withConall Cernach, to receive training from the warrior Domnall (whose hideous daughter falls in love with the hero and, after being spurned by him, later exacts her revenge by separating him from his companions by means of a magical illusion). After some time, Domnall assigns them to the care of Scáthach for further training.[7]
Cú Chulainn and his companionFerdiad travel to Dún Scáith, where Scáthach teaches them feats of arms, and gives Cú Chulainn a deadly spear, theGáe Bulg. Cú Chulainn begins an affair with Scáthach's daughterUathach, but accidentally breaks her fingers.[5] She screams, calling her loverCochar Croibhe to the room. Despite Uathach's protests, he challenges Cú Chulainn to a duel, and Cú Chulainn dispatches him easily. To make it up to Uathach and Scáthach, Cú Chulainn assumes Cochar's duties, and becomes Uathach's lover. Scáthach eventually promises her daughter to him, without requiring the traditionalbride price. When her rival, the warrior womanAífe, threatens her territory, Cú Chulainn battles Aífe, and manages to defeat her through distracting her with lies. With his sword at her throat, he bargains with her that he will spare her life under the conditions that she will cease her conflicts with Scáthach, and that she will allow him to impregnate her so that she will bear him a son. This leaves Aífe pregnant with his sonConnla, whom Cú Chulainn kills years later — only realizing who Connla is after he has slain him.[8]