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Chat (bird)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromSaxicolinae)
Subfamily of birds

Chats
Whinchat (Saxicola rubetra)
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Passeriformes
Family:Muscicapidae
Subfamily:Saxicolinae
Vigors, 1825
Type genus
Saxicola
Genera

About 24, see text

Chats (formerly sometimes known as"chat-thrushes") are a group of smallOld World insectivorousbirds formerly classified as members of thethrush family (Turdidae), but following genetic DNA analysis are now considered to belong to theOld World flycatcher family (Muscicapidae).[1]

The name is normally applied to the more robust ground-feeding flycatchers found inEurope andAsia and most northern species are strongmigrants. There are many genera and these birds in particular make up most of thesubfamilySaxicolinae.

Other songbirds called "chats" are:

  • Australian chats, generaAshbyia andEpthianura of the honeyeater family (Meliphagidae). They belong to a more ancient lineage than Saxicolinae.
  • American chats, genusGranatellus of the cardinal family (Cardinalidae), formerly placed in the wood-warbler family. They belong to a more modern lineage than Saxicolinae.
  • Yellow-breasted chat (Icteria virens), an enigmatic North American songbird previously placed in the wood-warbler family (Parulidae) and now in the monotypic Icteriidae; its true relationships are unresolved.

Taxonomy

[edit]

The subfamily was introduced in 1825 by the Irish zoologistNicholas Vigors withSaxicola as thetype genus.[2][3]

Genera

[edit]

The subfamily formerly included fewer species. At the time of the publication of the third edition of theHoward and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World in 2003, the generaMyophonus,Brachypteryx andHeinrichia were included in the thrush familyTurdidae.[4] Subsequentmolecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the species in these three genera are more closely related to species in Muscicapidae.[5][6] As a consequence, these three genera are now placed here.[1][7]

Thecladogram below is based on amolecular phylogenetic study by Min Zhao and collaborators that was published in 2023. Some regions of the phylogenetic tree were not strongly supported by the sequence data.[8] Both the genera included and the number of species in each genera are taken from the list of birds maintained byFrank Gill,Pamela C. Rasmussen and David Donsker on behalf of theInternational Ornithological Committee (IOC).[1]

Saxicolinae

Irania – white-throated robin

Luscinia – nightingales, redstart, bluethroat (4 species)

Calliope – rubythroats (5 species)

Enicurus – forktails (8 species)

Cinclidium – blue-fronted robin

Myophonus – whistling thrushes (9 species)

Myiomela – robins (3 species)

Heinrichia – great shortwing

Vauriella – jungle flycatchers (3 species) &Leonardina –Bagobo babbler

Brachypteryx – shortwings (6 species)

Larvivora – robins (8 species)

Ficedula – flycatchers (34 species)

Tarsiger – bush robins, bluetails (8 species)

Heteroxenicus – Gould's shortwing

Phoenicurus – redstarts (14 species)

Monticola – rock thrushes (13 species)

Saxicola – bush chats, stonechats (14 species)

Campicoloides – buff-streaked chat

Emarginata – chats (3 species)

Pinarochroa – moorland chat

Myrmecocichla – chats (8 species) &Thamnolaea – mocking cliff chat

Oenanthe – wheatears (32 species)

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcGill, Frank; Donsker, David;Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (February 2025)."Chats, Old World flycatchers".IOC World Bird List Version 15.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved12 March 2025.
  2. ^Vigors, Nicholas Aylward (1825)."Observations on the natural affinities that connect the orders and families of birds".Transactions of the Linnean Society of London.14 (3): 395-517 [441].
  3. ^Bock, Walter J. (1994).History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 116, 151, 264.
  4. ^Dickinson, E.C., ed. (2003).The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World (3rd ed.). London: Christopher Helm. pp. 659, 673.ISBN 978-0-7136-6536-9.
  5. ^Voelker, G.; Spellman, G.M. (2004). "Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA evidence of polyphyly in the avian superfamily Muscicapoidea".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.30 (2):386–394.Bibcode:2004MolPE..30..386V.doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00191-X.PMID 14715230.
  6. ^Sangster, G.; Alström, P.; Forsmark, E.; Olsson, U. (2010). "Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae)".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.57 (1):380–392.Bibcode:2010MolPE..57..380S.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.008.PMID 20656044.
  7. ^Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014).The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2, Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, U.K.: Aves Press. pp. 584, 598, 601, 607.ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.
  8. ^Zhao, M.; Gordon Burleigh, J.; Olsson, U.; Alström, P.; Kimball, R.T. (2023)."A near-complete and time-calibrated phylogeny of the Old World flycatchers, robins and chats (Aves, Muscicapidae)".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.178 107646.Bibcode:2023MolPE.17807646Z.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107646.PMID 36265831.
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