According to theHuman Rights Association, between 1992 and 1996, 792 state-forced disappearances and murders have been reported in the east of Turkey, with many more missing persons who remain unreported[4][5] (see also,OHAL).
Reportedly influenced by theMothers of the Plaza de Mayo,[6] their first sit-in was on May 27, 1995.[3][6] After facing violent police attacks almost every week,[7][8][9] on March 13, 1999, they were forced to halt their protest following a particularly harsh series of attacks by the police and the resulting trauma in the participants.[1][10] They resumed their protests on January 31, 2009. Currently, the group that started with about 30 people[1] has thousands of participants. On August 25, 2018, Turkish authorities announced that the governorship has banned the gathering event indefinitely. Following the announcement, in their 700th peaceful protest, Saturday Mothers were faced with police violence and several of the participants were detained.[11] In November 2020, a prosecutor demanded up to three years imprisonment for protestors for attempting to have an "illegal meeting".[12]
The main demands of the group include:
to raise awareness of state-sponsored violence, militarization, and militarism in Turkey,[6]
the state documents archives to be opened up for public review in order for state-sponsored political murders to be brought to light,[13][14]
changes to the Turkish penal code to be made in order to remove the statute of limitation on political murders and forced disappearances,[13][14]
In February 2011, Prime MinisterRecep Tayyip Erdoğan invited the Saturday Mothers to his office in Istanbul to listen to the requests of the mothers. Erdoğan said that as government he will do everything he can to alleviate the suffering of the family members, but also mentioned that it will not be easy to achieve results in cases that are older than 30 years. He noted, however, that this could not be an excuse and that the necessary efforts would be made to achieve positive results.[15]
Ahead of their 700th Saturday vigil, the Erdogan government banned the Saturday Mothers as part of whatAmnesty International,Human Rights Watch, andFront Line Defenders in a joint statement called “a relentless crackdown on civil society, human rights defenders and those who peacefully express their dissent in Turkey.” When they gathered that day, the Saturday Mothers were arrested. Their trial began in Istanbul on 25 March 2021.[16]
^abcGülsüm Baydar and Berfin İvegen. 2006. "Territories, Identities, and Thresholds: The Saturday Mothers Phenomenon in İstanbul". Signs, 31, 3, pp. 689-715.
^B. Dağtaş and E. Dağtaş. 2007. "Sivil İtaatsizlik Örneği Olarak 'Cumartesi Anneleri' ('Saturday Mothers' as a Model of Civil Disoberdience)". Kültür ve İletişim.
