Satin weave. The warp yarns are shown running top to bottom, weft running sideways folding at each side. In this case, each warp thread floats over 15 weft threads, then passes under one weft thread, then floats for 15 more threads.Purple satin fabricA dress made from satin.
Asatin weave is a type offabric weave that produces a characteristically glossy, smooth or lustrous material, typically with a glossy top surface and a dull back; it is not durable, as it tends to snag. It is one of three fundamental types of textileweaves alongsideplain weave andtwill weave.
The satin weave is characterised by four or more fill orweft yarns floating over awarp yarn, and four warp yarns floating over a single weft yarn. Floats are missed interfacings, for example where the warp yarn lies on top of the weft in a warp-faced satin. These floats explain the high lustre and even sheen, as unlike in other weaves, light is not scattered as much when hitting the fibres, resulting in a stronger reflection. Satin is usually a warp-faced weaving technique in which warp yarns are "floated" over weft yarns, although there are also weft-faced satins.[1] If a fabric is formed with a satin weave usingfilament fibres such assilk,polyester ornylon, the corresponding fabric is termed a 'satin', although some definitions insist that a satin fabric is only made from silk.[2] If the yarns used areshort-staple yarns such ascotton, the fabric formed is considered asateen.
Many variations can be made of the basic satin weave, including a granite weave and a check weave.
Satin was originally made solely ofsilk, which, for much of history, was produced and found mainly inChina.[3] Inancient[clarify] China, various forms of satin fabrics existed, which came under several names, such asduan (缎),zhusi (紵丝),ling (绫),jin (锦),wusi (五丝) andbasi (八丝).[4] Chinese satin, in its original form, was supposed to be a five- or six-end warp satin.[4] The six-end warp satin weave was mostly likely a derivative of the six-end warp twill weave during theTang andNorthern Song dynasty periods.[4]
Silk satin was introduced to Europe during the 12th century.[citation needed] As an imported fabric, it was considerably expensive, and was worn only by the upper classes.
The word "satin" derives its origin from the Chinese port city ofQuanzhou (泉州),[4] which was known asZayton in Europe during theYuan dynasty (13th–14th century), and Arab merchants referred to the silk material imported from that city aszaituni.[5] During that period, Quanzhou was visited byArab merchants and byEuropeans.[5][6] The Arabs referred to silk satin imported from Quanzhou aszaituni.[5] During the latter part of the Middle Ages, Quanzhou was a major shipping port of silk, using theMaritime Silk Road to reach Europe. It was mostly used in theArab world.
Satin-weave fabrics are more flexible, with better draping characteristics than plain weaves. In a satin weave, the fill yarn passes over multiple warp yarns before interlacing under one warp yarn. Common satin weaves are:[7]
4-harness satin weave (4HS), also calledcrowfoot satin, in which the fill yarn passes over three warp yarns and under one warp yarn. It is more pliable than a plain weave.
5-harness satin weave (5HS); the fill yarn passes over four warp yarns and then under one warp yarn.
8-harness satin weave (8HS), in which the fill yarn passes over seven warp yarns and then under one warp yarn, is the most pliable satin weave.
Baronet or baronette – has a cotton back and a rayon or silk front, similar togeorgette.[10]
Charmeuse – is a lightweight, draping satin-weave fabric with a dull reverse.[11]
Cuttanee – fine heavy and stout silk and cotton satin
Double face(d) – satin is woven with a glossy surface on both sides. It is possible for both sides to have a different pattern, albeit using the same colours.[12]
Duchesse satin – is a particularly luxurious, heavy, stiff satin.[12]
Because of the different ways the weave is employed, satin has a range of functions from interior décor to fashion.
Dresses: Satin's drape and shiny texture make it a favorite for evening gowns and bridal gowns.
Upholstery: Satin was first used for ornamental furniture in Europe at the Palace of Versailles, and it is still used for pillow covers, chairs, and other forms of cushioned furniture today.
Bed sheets: Satin is frequently used for bed linens because of its flexible and silky texture.
Footwear: Satin is a popular fabric for shoe makers, from ballerina slippers to high heels.
Fashion accessories: Satin is commonly used for evening bags and clutches in the fashion industry.
Crafting: Satin in the form of ribbons is very common for crafting various products such as rosette leis, corsage, and even decorative flowers.[18]
^Oxford dictionary of word origins. Julia Cresswell, Oxford University Press (Second ed.). New York. 2010. p. 381.ISBN978-0-19-954793-7.OCLC663824301.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
