| Sati Beg | |
|---|---|
 A possible contemporary depiction of Sati Beg (enthroned, left, with her husband or her son).Mu'nis al-ahrar frontipiece,Isfahan, 1341.[1] | |
| Il-Khan Chupanid puppet | |
| Reign | July/August 1338 - May 1339 |
| Predecessor | Muhammad |
| Successor | Suleiman Khan |
| Vizier | Rukn al-Dīn Shaykhī Rashīdī Ghiyāth al-Dīn Muḥammad ‘Alīshāhī |
| Empress consort of theIlkhanate | |
| Tenure | 1335–1336, 1339–1343 |
| Spouse | Chupan Arpa Ke'un Suleiman Khan |
| Issue | Surgan Sira |
| House | Borjigin |
| Father | Öljaitü |
| Mother | Eltuzmish Khatun |
Sati Beg (fl. 1316–1345) was anIlkhanid princess, the sister of Il-KhanAbu Sa'id (r. 1316–1333). She was the consort ofamirChupan (1319–1327), Il-KhanArpa (r. 1335–36), and Il-KhanSuleiman (r. 1339–1343). In 1338–39, she was briefly the Ilkhanidkhatun (queen regnant) during internal conflicts (and fragmentation), appointed by a Chobanid faction led byHassan Kuchak.
She was born as the daughter ofÖljaitü and hisKhongirad wife Eltuzmish Khatun.[2] Upon her brother's accession in 1316, Sati Beg was betrothed to theamirChupan, one of the most powerful individuals in the Ilkhanid court. They were wed on 6 September 1319; their marriage produced a son, Surgan. When Chupan and Abu Sa'id came into conflict in 1327, Sati Beg was returned to the Ilkhan. Chupan was executed that same year at Abu Sa'id's insistence; the lives of Sati Beg and Surgan were spared.
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Following Abu Sa'id's death in 1335, the Ilkhanate began to disintegrate. By 1336, Sati Beg and Surgan had taken the side ofArpa Ke'un, Sati Beg herself marrying him. However, after his death, they joined forces with the founder of theJalayirid dynasty,Hasan Buzurg. After the latter seized control of western Persia, Surgan was made governor ofKarabakh (in modernAzerbaijan), where he and his mother moved to. However, when a grandson of Chupan,Hasan Kucek, defeated Hasan Buzurg in July 1338, Sati Beg and Surgan defected to his camp. Taking advantage of her family ties, Hasan Kucek raised Sati Beg to the Ilkhanid throne in July or August of that year. Her viziers were also from famous families in Iran.[3] Her nominal authority only extended to theChobanid domains of northwestern Persia.
Sati Beg issued coins using the titlesultan orsultana.[4]
Hasan Buzurg, who still controlled southwestern Persia andIraq, requested the assistance of another claimant of the Ilkhanid throne namedTogha Temur. The latter invaded the Chobanid lands in early 1339. Hasan Kucek, however, promised Sati Beg's hand in marriage to him in exchange for an alliance. This proved, however, to be a ruse; the intent was merely to alienate Hasan Buzurg from Togha Temur. The Jalayirids withdrew their support, and Togha Temur was forced to retreat without gaining Sati Beg's hand in marriage. Meanwhile, Hasan Kucek was growing suspicious of Sati Beg and her son. Realizing that she was too valuable to be removed completely, he deposed her and then forced her to marry his new candidate for the throne,Suleiman Khan.
Hasan Kucek was murdered late in 1343; Sati Beg's son Surgan found himself competing for control of the Chobanid lands with the late ruler's brotherMalek Ashraf and his uncleYagi Basti. When Malek Ashraf defeated him, he fled to his mother and stepfather. The three of them then formed an alliance, but when Hasan Buzurg decided to withdraw the support he promised, the plan fell apart, and they fled toDiyarbakir. Surgan was defeated again in 1345 by Malek Ashraf and they fled toAnatolia. Coinage dating from 1342/1343 inHesn Kayfa and Arzan (in Georgia)[5] (dated 1345) in Sati Beg's name is the last trace of her. Surgan moved from Anatolia to Baghdad, where he was eventually executed by Hasan Buzurg; Sati Beg may have suffered the same fate, but this is unknown.
Wright (1997), 45-46. Here Wright also cites a personal conversation with Stefano Carboni (September 1994) concerning the possibility that the Mu'nis al ahrar's enthroned couple might represent Sadi Beg, the sister of the Ilkhanid ruler Abu Sa'Id, with either her husband or her son. While agreeing with Wright that the woman may be the more important figure in this scene and perhaps even the manuscript's patron (because of her position to the right of the man), Carboni's own most recent view is only that the painting doubtless represents a Mongol royal couple, without venturing any specific identifications.
In the Muslim world Sati Beg (r. 1338-39) issued numerous coins in Iran, mainly using masculine language (sultan but sometimessultana).
| Preceded by | Ilkhan (Chobanid candidate) 1338–1339 | Succeeded by |