Sathyamangalam Sathy | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 Venugopalaswami temple Sathyamangalam Forest | |
| Nicknames: Sandal city Tiger city | |
  Sathyamangalam Location in Tamil Nadu, India | |
| Coordinates:11°31′00″N77°15′00″E / 11.5167°N 77.2500°E /11.5167; 77.2500 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Region | Kongu Nadu |
| District | Erode District |
| Established | 1970[1] |
| Government | |
| • Type | First Grade Municipality |
| • Body | Sathyamangalam Municipality |
| • Chairman | R. Janaki[2] |
| • Member of the Legislative Assembly | A. Bannari[3] |
| • Member of Parliament | A. Raja[4] |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 638401, 402 |
| Telephone code | 04295 |
| Vehicle registration | TN36 |
Sathyamangalam (also known asSathy) is atown andmunicipality inErode district in the Indianstate ofTamil Nadu. It lies on the banks of theBhavani River, atributary of theKaveri straddling theEastern andWestern Ghats. It is the headquarters ofSathyamangalam taluk. It is located about 65 km (40 mi) from the district headquartersErode. As of2011, the town had a population of 37,816.[5][6]
The region was ruled by theCheras andVijayanagara Empire.[7] It was captured byTipu Sultan and after Tipu's defeat,British annexed it to their territory.[8]
Sathyamangalam is situated in the region between theEastern andWestern Ghats, which are separated by theMoyar River valley inNilgiris towards the north.[9][10] The generaltopography is not flat and covered by sloping lands.Bhavani River flows at the center of the town from west to east. Agriculturalwet lands are predominant on both sides of the river and dry lands are predominant on the northern side of the town. The soil mainly consists of black loam, red loam and red sand.[11]
A portion of the Sathyamangalam forests was declared as awildlife sanctuary in 2008 and as atiger reserve in 2013.[12][13] Sathyamangalam was declared as reserve forest under theWildlife Protection Act, 1972. It is contiguous with theBiligirirangan Temple Wildlife Sanctuary to the north in neighboringChamarajanagar district ofKarnataka, and together forms a vital corridor forelephant movements. The 2009 wildlife survey conducted by Government of Tamil Nadu enumerated 12Bengal tiger, 836Indian elephants, 779blackbucks, and 20leopards.[14]
According to2011 census, Sathyamangalam had a population of 37,816 with a sex-ratio of 1,006 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[15] A total of 3,382 were under the age of six, constituting 1,737 males and 1,645 females.Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 10.38% and 0.74% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 72.02%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[15] The town had a total of 11,148 households. There were a total of 17,451 workers, comprising 1,094 cultivators, 1,882 main agricultural labourers, 741 in house hold industries, 11,272 other workers, 2,462 marginal workers, 26 marginal cultivators, 430 marginal agricultural labourers, 136 marginal workers in household industries and 1,870 other marginal workers.[16] As per the religious census of 2011, Sathyamangalam had 86.3%Hindus, 10.2%Muslims, 3.4%Christians and 0.1% others.[17]
Sathyamangalam is the headquarters forSathyamangalam taluka inErode District. The town was upgraded to a third grade municipality from the status of town panchayat in 1970 and subsequently as a second grade Municipality in 1977. It was elevated to a first grade municipality in 1998.[1]Sathyamanagalam assembly constituency was merged withBhavani Sagar as a part of delimitation by theElection Commission of India. It was a part of theGobichettipalayam parliamentary constituency until 2010 before being merged withNilgiris.[18]
Sathyamangalam is a town with an agricultural linter land on all sides. Sathyamangalam municipality's area in 29.24 km, comprising fourrevenue villages. Only 11.46% of the municipal area is developed asurban area and the remaining 89.54% remains undevelopedagricultural land.[19]
The town is situated at a distance of 65 km from district headquartersErode, connected throughState Highway 15 viaGobichettipalayam. TheCoimbatore-Bangalore National Highway (NH 948) passes through this town. It is well connected by buses from nearby towns and cities with frequent buses available to/fromCoimbatore,Erode,Tiruppur,Gobichettipalayam andMysore. The nearest railway station is atTiruppur (57 km). A proposal to construct a railway line connectingMysore withErode via Sathyamangalam was mooted during the British rule in 1915. Four official surveys were made in 1922, 1936, 1942 and as recently as 2008, but the plan failed to take off due to the concerns of railway line passing through theSathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary.[20][21] The nearest airport isCoimbatore International Airport, located 74 kilometres (46 mi) from the town. The airport has regular flights from/to major domestic destinations and international destinations likeSharjah,Colombo andSingapore.[22]
Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve is aprotected area andtiger reserve located along the area straddling both theWestern Ghats andEastern Ghats on the outskirts of the town.[23] The Sathyamangalam Forest Division is part of the Bramhagiri-Nilgiris-Eastern Ghats Elephant Reserve notified in 2003.[24] In 2008, part of the Sathyamangalam Forest Division was declared as a wildlife sanctuary and enlarged in 2011, it covers a forest area of 1,411.6 km2 (545.0 mi2) and is the largest wildlife sanctuary in Tamil Nadu. In 2013, an area of 1,408.6 km2 (543.9 mi2) of the erstwhile sanctuary was notified as atiger reserve. It was the fourth tiger reserve established inTamil Nadu as a part ofProject Tiger and is the third largest in the state.
Bhavanisagar dam is located about 16 km (9.9 mi) west of Sathyamangalam.[25] The dam is constructed on theBhavani River.[26] It is one of the world's largestearthen dams.[27]
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