Sanya 三亚市 | |
|---|---|
| Sanya City | |
.png) Location of Sanya City jurisdiction in Hainan | |
  Sanya Location in China | |
| Coordinates (Sanya municipal government):18°15′12″N109°30′13″E / 18.25333°N 109.50361°E /18.25333; 109.50361 | |
| Country |  China |
| Province | Hainan |
| Government | |
| • CPC Municipal Secretary | Jiang Sixian |
| Area | |
| 1,919.58 km2 (741.15 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 1,919.58 km2 (741.15 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,315.3 km2 (507.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census) | |
| 1,031,396 | |
| • Density | 537.303/km2 (1,391.61/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,031,396 |
| • Urban density | 537.303/km2 (1,391.61/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 801,020 |
| • Metro density | 609.00/km2 (1,577.3/sq mi) |
| GDP[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 83.5 billion US$ 12.9 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 79,100 US$ 12,261 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 572100 |
| Area code | 0898 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-HI-02 |
| Licence plate prefixes | 琼B |
| Website | sanya.gov.cn |
| Sanya | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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.svg) "Sanya" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 三亚 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 三亞 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Postal | Samah | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Third below the second | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sanya[a] is the southernmost city onHainan Island, and one of the fourprefecture-level cities ofHainan Province inSouth China.
According to the2020 census, the total population of Sanya was 1,031,396 inhabitants,[2] living in an area of 1,919.58 km2 (741.15 sq mi). Nevertheless, its built-up (or metro) area encompassing Haitang and Jiyang Districts was home to 801,020 inhabitants as of 2020.
The city is renowned for its tropical climate and has emerged as a popular tourist destination, also serving as the training site of the Chinese nationalbeach volleyball team. Sanya is home to small concentrations ofUtsul people. Sanya is also the location ofYulin Naval Base, a major military facility on theSouth China Sea which is home to thePeople's Liberation Army Navy ballistic nuclear missile fleet.
Known in ancient times as Yazhou,postal romanization: Aichow (崖州), literally "cliff state or prefecture", Sanya's history dates to theQin dynasty (221–206 BCE). Due to its remoteness from the political centers during the Qin dynasty, Sanya was sometimes calledTianya Haijiao (天涯海角), meaning "the end of the sky and ocean" or "the end of the earth". As a result, the city served as a place of exile for officials who found themselves out of favor with the country's rulers.
During theTang dynasty, a Buddhist monk accidentally landed here, using the site as a staging post on his missionary journey to Japan.[3]
In 1912, Yazhou became Yaxian (Yai-hsien) (崖县;postal: Aihsien).
In 1958, administration of Yaxian relocated from Yacheng to Sanya and Yaxian merged withBaoting,Lingshui, Niulou, and Xinglong,Wanning, to become a large county. In 1959 and 1961, these areas were separated to establish Baoting and Lingshui while Yaxian County remained in its current prefecture. Approved by theState Council of China, Yaxian was upgraded to Sanya City on 26 September 1987 and Sanya City was officially established on 30 December 1987.[4]
In 2007, theBeijing Olympic Organizing Committee announced that the city of Sanya would become the first leg of the Beijing2008 Summer Olympics torch relay in China.[5]
Sanya lies at the southern tip of Hainan Island onSanya Bay. Located at 18° 15' N latitude, Sanya is–afterSansha (also administered by Hainan Province)–the second-southernmost prefecture-level city nationally. Though the administrative area (Sanya City) has a rough topography, the city itself is generally flat, lying on a parcel of land between low-level mountains to the north and theSouth China Sea.
The city is one of the many coastal cities in China most at risk due to rapidly rising sea levels.[6]
The area has atropical wet and dry climate (KöppenAw),[7] featuring hot weather all year around.Monsoonal influences are strong, with a relatively lengthywet season and a pronounceddry season. The average annual temperature in the Sanya is 26.5 °C (79.7 °F). The coolest month is January, with an average temperature of 22.3 °C (72.1 °F), while the hottest, unlike much of the rest of China, is June, with an average temperature of 29.5 °C (85.1 °F). The average annual high temperature is 30.2 °C (86.4 °F). Water temperatures remain above 22 °C (72 °F) year-round.[8]
Since meteorological records began, the average annual temperature in Sanya has warmed in fluctuations. Taking 2024 as an example, the average annual temperature in Sanya is 27.1 °C (80.8 °F), 0.6 °C higher than the average from 1991 to 2020, with the average temperature of the coldest month (December) being 23.2 °C (73.8 °F) and the hottest month (August) being 29.9 °C (85.8 °F). The mean annual high temperature is 31.1 °C (88.0 °F)[1]
| Climate data for Sanya, elevation 6 m (20 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.2 (88.2) | 32.2 (90.0) | 34.5 (94.1) | 35.8 (96.4) | 37.5 (99.5) | 36.7 (98.1) | 37.1 (98.8) | 37.0 (98.6) | 35.9 (96.6) | 35.0 (95.0) | 34.0 (93.2) | 33.0 (91.4) | 37.5 (99.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26.6 (79.9) | 27.3 (81.1) | 29.1 (84.4) | 31.1 (88.0) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.5 (90.5) | 32.0 (89.6) | 31.9 (89.4) | 31.7 (89.1) | 30.9 (87.6) | 29.6 (85.3) | 27.3 (81.1) | 30.2 (86.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 22.3 (72.1) | 23.1 (73.6) | 25.2 (77.4) | 27.4 (81.3) | 29.1 (84.4) | 29.5 (85.1) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.6 (83.5) | 28.0 (82.4) | 27.0 (80.6) | 25.4 (77.7) | 23.1 (73.6) | 26.5 (79.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) | 20.6 (69.1) | 22.8 (73.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.9 (80.4) | 26.2 (79.2) | 25.4 (77.7) | 24.2 (75.6) | 22.7 (72.9) | 20.4 (68.7) | 23.9 (75.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 5.1 (41.2) | 8.9 (48.0) | 10.5 (50.9) | 15.5 (59.9) | 19.8 (67.6) | 21.3 (70.3) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.8 (71.2) | 18.8 (65.8) | 14.7 (58.5) | 7.9 (46.2) | 7.1 (44.8) | 5.1 (41.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 6.2 (0.24) | 13.5 (0.53) | 20.9 (0.82) | 50.7 (2.00) | 131.0 (5.16) | 181.7 (7.15) | 211.7 (8.33) | 227.1 (8.94) | 248.5 (9.78) | 235.9 (9.29) | 74.3 (2.93) | 16.0 (0.63) | 1,417.5 (55.8) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 10.0 | 14.0 | 13.8 | 16.0 | 17.0 | 13.5 | 6.6 | 3.7 | 111.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 77 | 80 | 82 | 83 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 79 | 77 | 74 | 81 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 188.1 | 151.8 | 180.7 | 207.8 | 242.7 | 215.8 | 241.7 | 224.7 | 198.0 | 205.7 | 191.1 | 177.0 | 2,425.1 |
| Averageultraviolet index | 9 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 11 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration (precipitation and sun 1981–2008)[9][10][11] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China (precipitation days 1971–2000)[12]NOAA[13] Weather Atlas[14] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Sanya Phoenix International Airport (ZJSY) (2024) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.0 (87.8) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.0 (89.6) | 34.0 (93.2) | 36.0 (96.8) | 34.0 (93.2) | 34.0 (93.2) | 34.0 (93.2) | 35.0 (95.0) | 34.0 (93.2) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.0 (89.6) | 36.0 (96.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.3 (84.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 30.3 (86.5) | 32.6 (90.7) | 32.6 (90.7) | 33.2 (91.8) | 32.0 (89.6) | 33.5 (92.3) | 31.7 (89.1) | 31.7 (89.1) | 30.0 (86.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 31.1 (88.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.5 (74.3) | 24.3 (75.7) | 26.2 (79.2) | 29.1 (84.4) | 29.2 (84.6) | 29.9 (85.8) | 29.1 (84.4) | 29.9 (85.8) | 28.3 (82.9) | 27.4 (81.3) | 25.5 (77.9) | 23.2 (73.8) | 27.1 (80.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.0 (68.0) | 21.1 (70.0) | 23.6 (74.5) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.7 (81.9) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.0 (78.8) | 24.5 (76.1) | 22.3 (72.1) | 20.4 (68.7) | 24.5 (76.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) | 18.0 (64.4) | 19.0 (66.2) | 25.0 (77.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 23.0 (73.4) | 21.0 (69.8) | 16.0 (60.8) | 14.0 (57.2) | 14.0 (57.2) |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 69 | 75 | 77 | 78 | 81 | 85 | 84 | 83 | 85 | 79 | 75 | 66 | 78 |
| Source:Weather archive in Sanya Phoenix Airport, METAR | |||||||||||||
Before 30 July 2014, there was direct jurisdiction over four county-level districts and two township-level subdistricts (乡级管理区;xiāngjí guǎnlǐqū), six towns (镇;zhèn) and four state-run farms in Sanya City. Now there are four districts in Sanya.
| Map | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| Jiyang | 吉阳区 | Jíyáng Qū | 257,061 | 372 | 691.02 |
| Tianya | 天涯区 | Tiānyá Qū | 269,935 | 944 | 285.94 |
| Haitang | 海棠区 | Hǎitáng Qū | 76,562 | 255 | 300.24 |
| Yazhou | 崖州区 | Yázhōu Qū | 160,000 | 347 | 460.10 |
In recent years Sanya has become a popular tourist destination. Numerous international five starluxury hotel andresort chains are now established in the area. In 2009, the luxuryMandarin Oriental, Sanya hotel opened in the Dadong Hai area, the first Mandarin Oriental property on Hainan Island.Atlantis Sanya opened in 2018, becoming the first Atlantis branded hotel in China. There are now over 100 hotels, ranging from international brands to locally managed resorts.
Russian and English signs can be seen throughout the city. In response to claims of over-charging of tourists (whether foreign or Chinese) at restaurants in the city,[15] Hainan government officials and Sanya city officials have vowed to crack down on the practice.[16] The Sanya Industrial and Commercial Bureau has implemented a real-time information system of the city's seafood restaurants during the May Day holiday for public supervision in order to stop any future price gouging by restaurants.
Sanya also hosts theGuanyin of Nanshan, that is located within theNanshan Temple (Sanya).
Nature reserves of Yalong Bay Tropical Paradise Forest Park (亚龙湾热带 天堂森林公园) and Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve (三亚珊瑚礁国家级自然保护区) are located nearbyYalong Bay, and Yalong Bay National Tourism Holiday Resort was created. In recent years, as the waters ofSanya Bay and others below mentioned are becoming clearer and healthier, several species ofdolphins, including endangeredChinese white dolphins, appear along the coasts from time to time. However, they have not been considered as targetedtourism attractions.[17][18]
The city is served bySanya Phoenix International Airport. Taxis are available throughout the city.
Buses from other parts of Hainan serve Sanya's bus terminal. The No. 8 bus connects the airport to Dadonghai Beach. From there tourists can take the 24 or 25 bus to Yalong Bay or the 28 bus to Haitang Bay. There is also a free bus from Luhuitou Square to the Duty-Free Shopping Center at Haitang Bay, the largest such center in China.
TheHainan East Ring Intercity Rail links Sanya andHaikou and runs along the east coast of Hainan Island. There are 15 stations in between, either in operation or still under construction. Trains are designed to travel at 250 km/h (160 mph). Travel time from Sanya to Haikou is approximately 1 hour and 22 minutes. TheHainan Western Ring High-Speed Railway, running along the west coast of the province also links Sanya to Haikou.
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Sanya's tram service began trial operation on 7 January 2019.[19] Trams are composed of five carriages with a maximum seating capacity of 362 people. In built up and urbanised areas, the maximum speed of the tram is 50 km/h. The current tram route begins at Sanya Railway Station and finishes at Jiangang Road Station, which is currently the southernmost railway station in China. Full operation of the first line started on 10 October 2020.
There are a total of 54 hospitals in Sanya as of March 2019, both public hospitals funded by the state and private hospitals. There are also numerous clinics for doing annual health-checks, which are usually brands of national chains in China, such as Ciming Healthcheck.[citation needed]
Hainan 301 Hospital, a branch hospital of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, is located in the Haitang Bay area of Sanya.[20] The hospital possesses a substantial number of state-of-the-art equipment for medical and research purposes which include a Da Vinci surgical system, different MIR system (including 1.5T MRI 3.0T MRI), Helical CT facilities (including 128-Slices CT), medical linear accelerator and electronic microscopes which are worth more than 450 million yuan. The hospital has 500 patient beds, and a total of 74 clinical, medical and nursing departments.[citation needed]
Sanya Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (三亚市中医院) is located on Fenghuang Road.[21] It is a grade-A tertiary hospital offering medical care, education, research, healthcare services and International Chinese Medicine exchange and cooperation.[citation needed]
The Sanya area of Hainan offers afree trade port offering opportunities for overseas service providers to enter the local market, and it is actively developing its commercialhealth services industry to promotemedical tourism. A pilot project was approved by thePeople's Republic of China State Council in 2013 called theBoao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone, also known by 2024 asBoao Hope City,[22] as the only medical tourism special zone in China. Specialist medical services as well as specially licenseddrugs are available in the zone. The importation of medical technologies and equipment, or drugs approved for marketing outside of China but not yet approved in China, may be used in the pilot zone with special approval of state authorities. The zone is likewise available for trials and testing. Lecheng received approximately 300,000 medical tourists in 2023, and also served some 28,000 persons who reside in the zone.[23][24]
Sanya University (三亚学院) Located at Xueyuan Rd., Yingbin Ave. Sanya Hainan 572022. Sanya University is an independent undergraduate university. The university has fourteen schools: Social Development, Law, Finance and Economics, Management, Tourism Management, Humanities and Communication, Arts, Foreign Languages, Engineering, Physical Education, General Education & Foundation Courses, International Tourism, International Education and Music, and other, and offers 56 undergraduate majors.[25]
Qiongzhou University (琼州大学) is located at 1 Yucai Road. The only public university located in Sanya, Qiongzhou is actively pursuing more foreign enrollments, hoping to attract Chinese tourism and language students to the city.[26] Courses offered to international students are: elementary Chinese, intermediate Chinese, advanced Chinese (listening, speaking, reading and writing), English, Russian (listening, speaking, reading and writing), Chinese calligraphy and painting,Chinese martial arts, Chinese history, studies of Li and Miao Cultures, tourism and recreational management, and music performance.
The city government states on its website that "Being the second-largest city in Hainan, the education in Sanya is relatively better than the average level in Hainan Province" but that the kindergartens are not as good as those in major Chinese cities and that the primary and secondary schools are still below the Chinese national average.[27]
According to the city government, Primary schools No.7 and No.9 are the best in the city and that Bayi Primary School "is also of good quality".[27] The city government identifies the best lower secondary (junior high school) and upper secondary (senior high school) institutions as Sanya Shiyan Middle School andSanya No.1 High School, respectively.[27]
TheInternational School of Sanya (formerly Canadian International School of Sanya) is the first school to offer two programs: Canadian and Mandarin, in Hainan. The school has announced its relocation to theBanShanBanDao -Serenity Coast (半山半岛) residential area in August 2014, where the new campus will offer pre-K. day students and boarding facilities for students.[citation needed]
The city has hosted:
| Country | City | Date |
|---|---|---|
 United States | Alhambra, California | 1994.10.05 |
 Philippines | Lapu-Lapu | 1997.07.19 |
 France | Cannes | 1997.11.17 |
 South Korea | Seogwipo | 2008.04.04 |
 Mexico | Cancún | 2010.08.10 |
 Russia | Khabarovsk | 2011.11.28 |
 United Kingdom | Blackpool | 2016.09.06 |
 Malaysia | George Town,Penang | 2017[32] |
 Croatia | Dubrovnik | 2013[33] |
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