Santal Pargana division | |
|---|---|
Division ofJharkhand | |
 Location of Santhal Pargana in Jharkhand | |
| Coordinates:24°30′N87°30′E / 24.500°N 87.500°E /24.500; 87.500 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Jharkhand |
| Established | 1983 |
| Headquarters | Dumka |
| Districts | Godda,Deoghar,Dumka,Jamtara,Sahibganj,Pakur |
| Government | |
| • Commissioner | Shri Lalchand Dadel (IAS) |
| Area | |
• Total | 12,601 km2 (4,865 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 6,969,097 |
| • Density | 550/km2 (1,400/sq mi) |
Santhal Pargana division constitutes six district administration units known as the divisions ofJharkhand state in easternIndia.
Santal Pargana derives its name from two words: "Santal", a major inhabited tribe in the region andPargana, a unit of administration in Persian language used mostly by medieval rulers.
Santal Pargana is one of the divisions ofJharkhand. Its headquarters is atDumka. Presently, this administrative division comprises six districts:Godda,Deoghar,Dumka,Jamtara,Sahibganj andPakur.
This region is mentioned asKajangala in different ancient literatures specially in Buddhist literatures. It is mentioned that the Chinese monk-travellerXuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) travelled from Champa (recentBhagalpur) to Kajangala and then proceeded toPundravardhana (recentBangladesh) in the 7th century AD. He says that the northern limit of its territory (meansSahebganj) was not very far from theGanges. The forests to the south had plenty ofelephants. The people were straight forward, talented and devoted to education.[1]
In the system ofPermanent Settlement, British encouragepaharia ofRajmahal hills to practice settled agriculture but they refused to cut trees. Then British officials attracted attention to Santals who were ready to clear the forests for settled agriculture. In 1832, a large number of area demarcated asDamin-i-koh. Santal fromCuttack,Dhalbhum,Birbhum,Manbhum,Hazaribagh migrated, clear forest tracts and started cultivating these lands as peasants. British collected tax from Santals as revenue. The imposition of taxes, exploitation byZamindar and money lenders sparked Santal rebellion. TheSidhu and Kanhu Murmu, two brothers organized and led Santal inhabitants for theSantal Revolt (Santal Hul) against the Britishers but were defeated.[2][3][4][5][6] Their other siblings namely Chand Murmu, Bhairo Murmu, Phulo Murmu, Jhano Murmu also followed elder brothers leadership for fighting against injustice.
In 1855, duringBritish India, Santal Parganas was created as a district, and was a part of theBengal Presidency. Santal Parganas was a district, in undividedBihar state, upgraded to a division in 1983.[7] As a consequence of Santal uprising, the British passed the Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act ,1876 which offered some protection for the tribals against exploitation. It prohibits the sale of Adivasi land to non-Adivasis in the Santal Pargana region along present day Jharkhand's border with West Bengal. After Independence of India, the Santal Pargana Tenancy Act, 1949 is the first codified law of tenancy in Santal Pargana division of Jharkhand. When enacted, it supplemented existing British-era tenancy laws and codified some of the customary laws related to tribal land.
It has a population of 6,969,097.Santali,Bengali andHindi are mostly spoken national languages, followed by regional dialect Khorta.
Majority of the population followsHinduism.Sari Dharam is followed by theSantaltribe residents andSarna by othertribe. (The percentage will notified soon official sooner the Govt. Of India accomplishes recent Census).
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