TheSanjak of Çanad (Turkish:Çanad sancağı, Liva-i Çanad) was asanjak (district) of theOttoman Empire located mostly in what is today northwesternBanat (northernmost Serbia, southernmost Hungary and northwesternmost Romania), centered atCenad (Hungarian:Csanád, in modern Romania). It existed from the middle of the 16th century, up to the beginning of the 18th century.[1]
After thecapture of Belgrade (1521), the Ottomans intensified their incursions towards various territories of theKingdom of Hungary beyond theDanube, gradually establishing their posts, while theCsanád County remained under the Hungarian rule. After theBattle of Mohács (1526), anEastern Hungarian Kingdom was created, becoming a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, and encompassing the Csanád County. By 1536, theBanate of Lugos and Karansebes was established further to the east, as a military frontier towards the Ottomans. In the same time, local magnatePetar Petrović (d. 1557) emerged as a semi-autonomous governor of the region, balancing between Hungarians and the Ottomans.[2][3]
During theOttoman campaign in 1551-1552, the entire territory of the Csanád County was conquered and incorporated into the newly formedTemeşvar Eyalet. It was organized as theSanjak of Çanad, encompassing various regions on both sides of the riverMureș. In 1594-1595, those territories were also affected by the massive anti-OttomanBanat uprising of local Christians, mainlySerbs andRomanians.[4][5]
During theHabsburg-Ottoman War (1683-1699), much of the region was temporarily liberated, but under theTreaty of Karlowitz (1699) the entire territory to the south of the riverMureș was returned to the Ottoman rule, while territories to the north were included into the newly formedHabsburg Military Frontier.[6]
In 1707, theSanjak of Çanad was abolished, becoming a sub-district of theSanjak of Temeşvar. In 1716, its territory was conquered byHabsburg forces during theHabsburg-Ottoman War (1716–1718). In 1718, the Habsburgs formed a new province in this region, named theBanat of Temeswar, that was encompassing much of the formerSanjak of Çanad.[7]
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