Sambhal | |
|---|---|
City | |
 | |
  Sambhal Location in Uttar Pradesh, India Show map of Uttar Pradesh Sambhal Sambhal (India) Show map of India | |
| Coordinates:28°35′N78°33′E / 28.58°N 78.55°E /28.58; 78.55 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| Division | Moradabad |
| District | Sambhal |
| Named after | Sambhu |
| Government | |
| • MP | Zia ur Rahman Barq (SP) |
| • MLA | Iqbal Mehmood (SP) |
| • Chairman | Asiya Musheer Chaudhary (AIMIM) |
| Area | |
• Total | 16 km2 (6.2 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 203 m (666 ft) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
• Total | 220,813 |
| • Density | 11,433/km2 (29,610/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Sambhali |
| Language | |
| • Official | Hindi[3] |
| • Additional official | Urdu[3] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 244302 |
| Telephone code | (+91) (05923) |
| Vehicle registration | UP-38 |
| Website | sambhal |
Sambhal (pronouncedsə̃bʰəl) is a city located in theSambhal district ofUttar Pradesh, India. The city lies approximately 158 km (98 mi)[4] east of the national capitalNew Delhi and 355 km (220 mi)[5] north-west of the state capitalLucknow. It also falls within theRohilkhand region in theMoradabad division of the state, being approximately 32 km (20 miles) from the city ofMoradabad.[6]
Sambhal is identified asShambhala, a village which is mentioned as the birthplace ofKalki, thetenth and last incarnation ofVishnu, in theMahabharata and the HinduPuranas such as theSkanda Purana,Bhavishya Purana and laterKalki Purana (the city is also home to a "Shri Kalki VishnuMandir").[8][9][10][11] This was borrowed into theBuddhist mythology ofTibetan Buddhism where it is described as amythological kingdom and apure land beyond theHimalayas from where the futureMaitreya will emerge.[12] According toIbn Battuta,Toghon Temür the lastYuan dynasty emperor of China had sent an embassy to theSultan of DelhiMuhammad bin Tughluq, requesting permission to rebuild a Buddhist temple at Sambhal, which at the time attracted pilgrims from Tibet.[13]
Sambhal has been an urban center for hundreds of years and was a prominent town during themedieval period. Two legendary battles betweenPrithviraj Chauhan andGhazi Saiyyad Salar Masud are claimed to have taken place here. At the time under local rulers, in the 13th and 14th-centuries it would go on to become a part of theDelhi Sultanate, first underQutb ud-Din Aibak and later underFiruz Shah Tughlaq.[14]
Later it was a capital of theLodi dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate underSikandar Lodi for four years in the 15th-century. A folio from theBaburnama, depicts an award ceremony in SultanIbrahim Lodi's court before an expedition to Sambhal in the early 16th-century. After the collapse of the Delhi Sultanate, the city fell to theMughals underBabur, briefly serving as the capital of the new empire. Babur is also claimed to have built a mosque here which is still extant. The city would later be governed by his sonHumayun. After the death of Babur, his domain was divided among his sons, consequently Sambhal was given toAskari Mirza.[16] Sambhal flourished under the rule ofAkbar, Humayun's son, but subsequently deteriorated in popularity when Akbar's grandsonShah Jahan was put in charge of the city, and the local (sarkar) capital was shifted toMoradabad.[6][17]
As per provisional reports of the2011 Census of India, thepopulation of Sambhal city in 2011 was 221,334, of which 116,008 were male and 105,326 were female. The amount of total literates in Sambhal consist of 92,608 people, of which 51,382 are males while 41,226 are females. The average literacy rate in Sambhal city is 49.51%, of which maleliteracy was 52.27 percent, while female literacy being 46.45%. The sex ratio of Sambhal city is 908 females per 1,000 males and the child sex ratio of girls is 936 per 1,000 boys. The amount of total children (0-6) in Sambhal city constitute 34,279 as per the records of Census India 2011. There were 17,702 boys and 16,577 girls. The children form 15.49% of the total population[2]
Sambhal is aMuslim-majority city in India with approximately 77.67% of the city's population followingIslam as their religion.Hinduism is the second most common religion in the city of Sambhal with approximately 22.00% following it, followed byChristianity (0.12%),Sikhism (0.06%),Buddhism (0.03%), andJainism (0.02%).
As of the 2011 census, 70.75% of the population recorded their language as Urdu and 29.20% as Hindi.[21]
Sambhal has the largest market ofmenthol in South Asia. Most of menthol oil is exported to Western Europe and China.[22]
Sambhal has many schools and Inter colleges for primary and secondary level education affiliated with CBSE, ICSE, the UP Board, and the Madarsa Board.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link){{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
