| Samayasāra | |
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| Information | |
| Religion | Jainism |
| Author | Kundakunda |
| Language | Prakrit |
| Period | 8th century CE[1][2]) |
| Verses | 439 |
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| Jainism |
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Samayasāra (The Nature of the Self) is a famousJain text composed byKundakunda (8th c. CE)[1][2]) in 439 verses.[3] Its ten chapters discuss the nature ofJīva (pure self/soul), its attachment toKarma andMoksha (liberation).Samayasāra expounds the Jain concepts likeKarma,Asrava (influx ofkarmas),Bandha (Bondage),Samvara (stoppage),Nirjara (shedding) andMoksha (complete annihilation ofkarmas).
A modern English translation was published by Vijay K. Jain in 2022.[4]
Samayasara was written by AcharyaKundakunda inPrakrit.[5]
The originalSamayasara of Kundakunda consists of 415 verses and was written inPrakrit.[5] The first verse (aphorism) of theSamayasāra is an invocation:
O bhavyas (potential aspirants to liberation)! Making obeisance to all the Siddhas, established in the fifth state of existence that is eternal, immutable, and incomparable (perfection par excellence), I will articulate this Samayaprābhrita, which has been propounded by the all-knowing Masters of Scripture.[6]
According toSamayasāra, the real self is only that soul which has achievedratnatraya i.e. Samyak Darshan, Samyak Gyan and Samyak Charitra. These state when soul achieves purity isArihant andSiddha.[7] It can be achieved by victory over five senses. According toSamayasāra:
The Self, by his own enterprise, protecting himself from virtuous as well as wicked activities that cause merit and demerit, and stationing himself in right faith and knowledge, detached from body and desires etc., devoid of external and internal attachments, contemplates on the Self, through his own Self, and does not reflect upon the karmas and the quasi-karmic matter (nokarma); the Self with such distinctive qualities experiences oneness with the Self. Such a Self, contemplating on the Self, becomes of the nature of right faith and knowledge, and being immersed in the Self, attains, in a short span of time, status of the Pure Self that is free from allkarmas.
— Samayasāra (187-189)[8]
It has a number of commentaries on it.Atmakhyati orSamayasara Kalasha, written by AcharyaAmritchandra in 12th century CE, is a 278-verseSanskrit commentary.[5]Samaysar Kalash Tika orBalbodh was written by Pande Rajmall or Raymall in 16th century CE.[5] It is a commentary of Amritchandra'sSamaysar Kalasha.[5][9]Nataka Samayasara is a commentary on Rajmall's version which was written byBanarasidas inBraj Bhasha in 17th century CE.[10]
FourteenPurvas (The Prior Knowledge –considered totally lost) | ||||||||||||||||
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†Tattvartha Sutra is accepted by both Digambara and Śvetāmbara as their texts, although Śvetāmbaras do not include it under canonical texts. | ||||||||||||||||
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