Evidence ofGallo-Roman habitation can be seen from the air, featuring overlapping enclosures and a big farm building or villa.Human remains and three tombs dating back to theMerovingian era have been discovered within the commune boundaries. In the earlyMiddle Ages, vines were cultivated in Picardie, and in this region in particular, as testified at Salouël by the parcel of land known asLes Vignettes. In 1342 a fulling mill was in use on the riverSelle, to process woollen cloth, which had previously been done manually. Originally, Salouël was part of the parish town ofSaleux. The separation was made by imperial decree on December 11, 1864. Its cantonal allocation has changed since 1790: first integrated into thecanton ofBovelles, then toSains and since 1879 the canton ofBoves. With Salouël being so close toAmiens, it wasn't just involved in rural activity over the centuries, unlike most of the surrounding communes. Since the Middle Ages, the development of craft industries and small workshops occupied most of the population. After theSecond World War, and in particular since the years 1965–1970, the commune has been transformed by the successive establishment of the campus of a university and a large hospital.