| Greek deities series |
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| Nymphs |
Salmacis (Ancient Greek:Σαλμακίς) was an atypicalNaiadnymph ofGreek mythology. She rejected the ways of the virginalGreekgoddessArtemis in favour ofvanity andidleness.
Salmacis' attempted rape ofHermaphroditus is narrated in the fourth book ofOvid'sMetamorphoses (see alsoDercetis).
There dwelt a Nymph, not up for hunting or archery:
unfit for footraces. She the only Naiad not inDiana’s band.
Often her sisters would say: "Pick up a javelin, or
bristling quiver, and interrupt your leisure for the chase!"
But she would not pick up a javelin or arrows,
nor trade leisure for the chase.
Instead she would bathe her beautiful limbs and tend to her hair,
with her waters as a mirror.
One day, Hermaphroditus went swimming in his pool. Upon seeing him, Salmacis was struck with love for him, approached him and confessed her love to him; but he was not interested, and demanded she leave. She did so, but her passion took her back, unable to stay away from him.[1] As Hermaphroditus emerged from the pool, she threw herself at him, and forcibly kissed him as he tried to escape. Salmacis then cried to the gods and begged them to let them stay together forever; and the gods answered by fusing them together for all time, into a deity that had both male and female parts. She thus becomes one with Hermaphroditus and he curses thefountain to have the same effect on every other person who would bathe there.[2]
In a description found on the remains of a wall inHalicarnassus, Hermaphroditus' motherAphrodite names Salmacis as the nymph who nursed and took care of an infant Hermaphroditus after his parents put him in her care, a very different version than the one presented byOvid.[3]
Lucian ofSamosata also implies that Hermaphroditus was born like that, rather than becoming later in life against his will, and blames it on the identity of the boy's fatherHermes.[4]
Salmacis was the name of afountain orspring located in modern-dayBodrum,Turkey. According to some classical authors, the water had the reputation of making men effeminate and soft. This legend lies at the heart of Ovid's tale of Salmacis and Hermaphroditus.
Afresco in Room 10 of theCasa della Venere in Conchiglia (House of Venus in the Shell) inPompeii depicts Eros standing in between Hermaphroditus and Salmacis. The fresco is possibly the earliest (before 79 AD) and the only ancient artwork of the water nymph before her union with Hermaphroditus.[5]
Francis Beaumont, a poet and playwright, wrote a poemSalmacis and Hermaphroditus based on Ovid's work. The poem was published anonymously in London in 1602.[6]
Algernon Charles Swinburne's 1863 poem "Hermaphroditus", based on the Bernini sculpture of the same name in the Louvre, makes mention of Salmacis in the final stanza.
A novel of short stories by Italian writerMario Soldati calledSalmace (Salmacis), a title that spans the entire collection. In the story it tells of the transformation of a man into a woman, in a highly metaphorical context.[7]
A sculpture byFrançois-Joseph Bosio,La nymphe Salmacis from 1826, can be seen on display at the Louvre Museum in Paris.[8]
A sculpture by SirThomas Brock of Salmacis (akaThe Bather Surprised)[9] was designed in 1868. It was modelled and exhibited at the Royal Academy, London in 1869. A variety of porcelain replicas were made from 1875 and an example was exhibited at the Paris Exhibition of 1878.[10]
TheFontana Greca ("Greek Fountain") is a fountain from the Renaissance period located in Gallipoli, southern Italy. The fountain has bas-reliefs depicting three metamorphoses in Greek mythology. The center bas-relief shows Eros flying beside Aphrodite, while Hermaphroditus and Salmacis are shown below laying together and embracing.
A painting of Salmacis in 1877 by French artistCharles Landelle was one of the most admired works at the Paris Exhibition according toThe Art Journal of 1878. The painting depicts a startled Salmacis seated among reeds, clutching her drapery to her chest in alarm.[11]
The Britishprogressive rock bandGenesis wrote and performed a song entitled "Fountain of Salmacis" on their 1971 albumNursery Cryme. It tells the story of Salmacis' attempted rape of Hermaphroditus. At the end of the song, the lyrics state that Salmacis and Hermaphroditus were "joined as one" and forever live beneath the lake from which the fountain appears.[citation needed]
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