County (Principality) of Salm-Salm | |||||||||
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| 1574–1793 1802–1811 | |||||||||
 Flag  Coat of arms | |||||||||
| Status | State of theHoly Roman Empire | ||||||||
| Capital | Badonviller;Senones | ||||||||
| Government | Principality | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages, Modern Age | ||||||||
• Partitioned fromSalm-Dhaun | 1574 | ||||||||
• Partitioned to createSalm-Neuweiler | 1608 | ||||||||
• Raised toprincipality | 1739 | ||||||||
| 1793 | |||||||||
| 1802–03 | |||||||||
• Joined theConfederation of the Rhine | 1806 | ||||||||
| 1811 | |||||||||
• Mediatised toPrussia | 1813 | ||||||||
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ThePrincipality of Salm-Salm (German:Fürstentum Salm-Salm;French:Principauté de Salm-Salm) was a state of theHoly Roman Empire. It was located in the present-day French departments ofBas-Rhin andVosges; it was one of a number of partitions ofSalm.
Salm-Salm was created as a partition ofSalm-Dhaun in 1574, and was raised from a County to a Principality in 1739 after being inherited and renamed by Count Nicholas Leopold ofSalm-Hoogstraten. Salm-Salm was partitioned between itself andSalm-Neuweiler in 1608.
The last territorial partition occurred in 1751, when Salm-Salm reorganized its borders with theDuchy of Lorraine. Since 1743 the Princes were also Dukes ofHoogstraten.
In 1790, after theFrench Revolution, the princes of Salm fled the territory and moved to their castle inAnholt, Westphalia. Salm-Salm then was besieged by the revolutionary army, which blocked food supplies from reaching the state. As a consequence, the population was forced to surrender to France. On 2 March 1793, the FrenchNational Convention declared Salm-Salm to be a part of the French Republic and attached it to the Department of theVosges. This was recognized by the Holy Roman Empire in thePeace of Lunéville of 1801.
Some years later, in 1802/1803, together withSalm-Kyrburg, the prince of Salm-Salm was granted new territories formerly belonging to theBishops of Münster (Westphalia). The new territory was governed in union withSalm-Kyrburg and was known as thePrincipality of Salm.
In 1165, the originalCounty of Salm was divided into the counties ofLower Salm, in theArdennes, and the county ofUpper Salm, situated in theVosges mountains. In 1738, the County of Upper Salm was elevated to Principality of Salm-Salm.
The capital of Salm-Salm was firstBadonviller, and from 1751 on,Senones. The second part of the name of Salm-Salm derives fromSalm Castle near Salm (todayLa Broque).
At the end of its existence, Salm-Salm had an area of about 200 km2 (77 sq mi) and 10,000 inhabitants. It was separated from the main part of the Holy Roman Empire when most ofAlsace was ceded to France in the 17th century. Until 1766, it was bordered by theDuchy of Lorraine to the west and by France to the east. After Lorraine became a part of France on 24 February 1766, Salm-Salm formed an exclave of the Holy Roman Empire surrounded by French territory.
The economy of Salm-Salm was mainly based on aniron mine nearGrandfontaine.
At Ludwig Otto's death, the male line became extinct, and the county of Salm-Salm passed to descendants of Friedrich I's youngest son, Friedrich I Magnus (1606-1673). Eventually, the title Prince of Salm was assumed by his descendants as well.
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1 Part of theThree Bishoprics. 2Nomeny after 1737. 3 withoutReichstag seat. 4 until 1736. 5 JoinedSwiss Confederacy in 1515. Circles est. 1500:Bavarian,Swabian,Upper Rhenish,Lower Rhenish–Westphalian,Franconian,(Lower) Saxon Circles est. 1512:Austrian,Burgundian,Upper Saxon,Electoral Rhenish · Unencircled territories | |||||
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