The settlement ofObdorsk (Обдорск) was founded in 1595, in the place of aKhanty settlement calledPolnovat-Vozh (Полноват-вож), by Russian settlers after the conquest ofSiberia.[citation needed] It was situated on theOb River, and its name supposedly derives from that. The land around Obdorsk was referred to as Obdorskykrai, orObdoriya.
The town was often used as a place of exile during the Tsarist and Soviet periods. Among notable people who spent time here were theDoukhobor spiritual leaderPyotr Verigin andLeon Trotsky. At the port of Salekhard, approximately 1,500 prisoners were used asslave labor, loading and unloading goods at the dock, or mining metal ore. About 5,000 prisoners in two camps near Salekhard were forced to polish diamonds mined fromMir mine.[citation needed]
The nearest railway station is atLabytnangi on the opposite side of the river Ob. From 1949 to 1953, theSalekhard-Igarka Railway project made an unsuccessful attempt to extend the line toIgarka, claiming the lives of thousands ofGulag prisoners.[8] The section of railway from Salekhard toNadym was completed and remained in use for some time in the Soviet era, although it was later abandoned. It is currently[when?] being rebuilt, along with a long-awaited bridge across the Ob between Labytnangi and Salekhard.[citation needed]
Salekhard was the host city for the 2006Arctic Council Ministerial Meeting in October 2006.[9]
In April 2014,Rostelecom, a RussianInternet service provider, completed the final stretch of theNadym-Salekhard optical Internet line, which stretches for almost 3,500 kilometres (2,200 mi).[10]
In the Summer of 2016, temperatures as high as 95 °F (35 °C) thawedanthrax-infected corpses that had been frozen since the soviet era near Salekhard, causing anthrax spores to infect reindeer herds and herders.[11]
Yamal Airlines has its head office in Salekhard.[13] Most of residents are employed in reindeer herding, fishing and the services sector.[14]
By 2015, about 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) from the airport, near theArctic Circle, authorities plan to build a large polar resort "Center of the Arctic tourism".[citation needed]
Salekhard is located in the Ob river valley and is an important river port of theRussian Far North. The unfinishedSalekhard–Igarka Railway was set to provide a rail connection between theOb river port of Salekhard and theYenisei river port ofIgarka. Currently, the nearest railway is atLabytnangi, 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest on the opposite side of the river Ob. The projectNorthern Latitudinal Railway will provide Salekhard access to Russian railway and will further connect Salekhard to theKonosha–Vorkuta railway and other parts ofEuropean Russia.[15] TheSalekhard Bridge project, a combined railway-road bridge overOb river, is the main component ofNorthern Latitudinal Railway that will connectLabytnangi and Salekhard is to be constructed with the cost of 60 billion rubles.[16]Nadym–Salekhard road, a 344 km long road, was inaugurated in December 2020 to the 90th anniversary of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug,[17] it will facilitate the construction of a railway between the two cities and connects the eastern and western parts of Yamal Okrug.[18][19] For 9–10 months each year, the Ob river is frozen and cars and trucks can drive across the river ice. In the summer a ferry operates, however during the floating of ice, generally shortly before the start and shortly after the end of summer, Salekhard is effectively isolated from the outside world, regarding freight. During these periods, only helicopters are able to reach Salekhard in case of emergency. Native people, mainly theNenets andKhanty people, always build up stocks of food at home, in the shops, and in the markets during this period, but they still suffer from seasonal inflation. The city is also served by theSalekhard Airport, which is 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of the main city.
Salekhard has asubarctic climate (Köppen climate classificationDfc) with short, mild summers and severely cold winters. Precipitation is moderate, and is significantly greater in summer than in winter. The "midnight sun" is above the horizon from 7 June to 6 July (30 days).
Climate data for Salekhard (1991–2020, extremes 1882–present)
Государственная Дума Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. Закон №42-ЗАО от 6 октября 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа», в ред. Закона №123-ЗАО от 6 декабря 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые Законы Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа в части изменения вида населённого пункт Тазовский путём отнесения его к сельским пунктам и наделении муниципального образования посёлок Тазовский статусом сельского поселения». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Красный Север", №119, 13 октября 2006 г. (State Duma of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Law #42-ZAO of October 6, 2006On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #123-ZAO of December 6, 2012On Amending Various Laws of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Due to Changing the Status of the Inhabited Locality of Tazovsky to a Rural Locality and on Granting the Municipal Formation of the Settlement of Tazovsky the Status of a Rural Settlement. Effective as of the day upon expiration of ten days from the official publication date.).
Государственная Дума Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. Закон №26-ЗАО от 22 июня 2004 г. «О наделении статусом, определении административного центра и установлении границ муниципального образования город Салехард», в ред. Закона №100-ЗАО от 31 октября 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в Закон Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа "О наделении статусом, определении административного центра и установлении границ муниципального образования город Салехард"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Красный Север", №50, 23 июня 2004 г. (State Duma of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Law #26-ZAO of June 22, 2004On Granting the Status, Determining the Administrative Center, and Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Salkhard, as amended by the Law #100-ZAO of October 31, 2012On Amending the Law of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug "On Granting the Status, Determining the Administrative Center, and Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Salkhard". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
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