| Church of Saint Irene Hagia Irene | |
|---|---|
Αγία Ειρήνη | |
_-_2022-03-27_-_7.jpg) Side view | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Greek Orthodox |
| District | Church of Greece |
| Location | |
| Location | Athens,Greece |
  Hagia Irene in Athens | |
| Coordinates | 37°58′37.5″N23°43′41.0″E / 37.977083°N 23.728056°E /37.977083; 23.728056 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Church |
| Completed | 1850 |
| Specifications | |
| Dome | 1 |
| Materials | Brick, stone |
TheChurch of Saint Irene (Greek:Ιερός Ναός Αγίας Ειρήνης,romanized: Ierós Naós Agías Irínis,lit. 'Sacred Temple of Saint Irene'Ancient Greek pronunciation:[aˈʝiaiˈrini]), also known asHagia Irene orHagia Eirene, is anEastern Orthodox church in the city ofAthens,Greece, built on the site of an older medieval church, located onAiolou Street. It is dedicated toSaint Irene, and served as the metropolis of the new Greek state during the early years of independence in the 19th century. Saint Irene is venerated on May 5.[1]
On the site of the modern church there used to be a smallByzantine-era church, which at the beginning of the 18th century was part of thePenteli Monastery.[1] During the period ofOttoman rule in Athens, that old church played an important role as the main gathering place for the Greek Christians of the town,[2] and during theGreek War of Independence of 1821–1829, it suffered serious damage.[1] The medieval church was burned to the ground, with only thefaçade surviving the fire.[3] When the seat of the newly independentGreek kingdom was transferred fromNafplio to Athens in 1832, Hagia Irene became the official cathedral of the new capital.[2]
Repair work began in the year 1835, whereupon Hagia Irene began to function as the metropolitan church of Athens until the construction of the presentMetropolitan Cathedral in the city. The older church is associated with important moments the modern history of Athens and its institutions. The election of themayor of Athens took place in this church; KingOtto's coming-of-age celebration was commemorated in May 1835. King Otto did not wear his crown or hold a scepter at the ceremony, because the ship that was supposed to bring the items to Athens was delayed at sea and thus did not arrive in time.[4][5]
In order to meet its growing demands of the new capital, the architectLysandros Kaftanzoglou was entrusted with its reconstruction. Work began in 1846 and the inauguration of the temple took place in 1850, while its interior decoration was completed later, between the years 1879–1892. The illustration was done by the iconographer Spyridon Hatzigiannopoulos, the greatest representative of Greek church painting of the second half of the 19th century; in fact, Hagia Irene is considered to be his most important work.[4]
The church continued to be used as a metropolitan until 1862 and during this time it was associated with important events of recent history. Here was held the celebration of the first national anniversary in 1838, the funeral of prominent leader of the Greek revolutionTheodoros Kolokotronis in 1843, and the doxology for the granting of the autocephaly of theChurch of Greece in 1850.[1]
The inauguration of the new church building took place in the year 1950, even though it was not yet finished, as financial reasons delayed the completion until 1892.[4]
Oldest attestations claim that the church of Hagia Irene was built from the ruins of as many as seventy Byzantine churches in Athens that were demolished.[2] It also contained material from ancient ruins from various sites of the city.[1]
The church is a long three-aisledbasilica with a dome and two bell towers of the neoclassical style, an original composition that combines Renaissance and Byzantine characteristics. A prominent feature are its two side double naves before the gated altar.[1][5] On the right nave there is a mural depicting the teaching of theApostle Paul on theAreopagus, an important work by Spyridon Hatzigiannopoulos, while the mural on the left nave of the transversal aisle, depicts the teachings ofJesus inJerusalem by Ath. G. Vassiliou.[3] The basilica has a wooden roof, a columned narthex and a dome modeled after the monasteries ofMount Athos.[6] Even though it was not considered grand enough to be the cathedral of Athens, it remains an important work of Byzantine-influenced architecture.[5]
Kaftanzoglou, who designed the church according to the so-called "monastery style", while also introducing the neoclassical style in church architecture,[4] combined elements of ancient Greek and Romanesque style, along with the Byzantine influence. The decorated panels on the ceiling are considered to be his best work; the state declared Hagia Irene a protected monument in 1972 on account of them.[2] Those panels are preserved to this day. As for the hagiographies and jewel paintings of the church, they are the works by the students of the Nazarite school, the Phytalis brothers.[2]
The church's illustrations are limited thematically wise, with few figures of saints, while on several walls are written passages from theBible. Its impressive gilded iconostasis was a gift fromNicholas of Russia in 1850.[1] The icon-painting was undertaken by the painter Spyridon Hatzigiannopoulos and the entire decoration by the jewelers V. Kottas and A. Pettas (1879-1892).[4]
It contains two bell towers.
On July 19, 2019, the cross of the dome was bent and then completely severed, following theMagoula earthquake in 2019, resulting in its collapse and destruction.[7]
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