Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Chief Minister of the North-West Frontier Province | |
| In office 1 April 1937 – 7 September 1937 | |
| Monarch | George VI |
| Governor General | Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1863-12-12)12 December 1863 |
| Died | 4 December 1937(1937-12-04) (aged 73) |
NawabKhan BahadurSahibzadaSir Abdul Qayyum Khan KCIE (12 December 1863 – 4 December 1937), hailing fromTopi,Swabi District,British India (modern dayKhyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan) was an educationist and politician.
Qayyum Khan helpedMortimer Durand during his negotiation of theDurand Line agreement withAfghanistan in 1893. Qayyum Khan became the first Chief Minister of theNorth-West Frontier Province on 1 April 1937.[1] He is also known for establishing theIslamia College,Peshawar on the mould ofSir Syed Ahmad Khan's policy of educating Muslims.[1][2]
Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum started his career as a government servant but he eventually turned into an educationist and politician.[1]
Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum was born on 12 December 1863 into a well-known religious family ofTopi.[2] His paternal family traces its lineage back to theLodi dynasty.[3][4][5]His maternal family traces their lineage back toHusain ibn Ali.[6]
His paternal grandfather was Sahibzada Qutb-e-Alam (born 1800/01). His father was Sahibzada Abdur Rauf (born 1837/38). Abdur Rauf married his maternal cousin Zainab, daughter of Syed Amir (Kotha Mulla). The couple had four children; three daughters and one son. Two of the daughters died in childhood, while Khair-un-Nisa (born 1860) and Abdul Qayyum survived.[7]His mother died when he was 3 years old and his father was assassinated by rivals when he was 10 years old.[8]After the death of his father, he and his sister were brought to Kotha by their maternal uncle, Syed Ahmed Bacha.[9]He studied at the local madrassah where his uncle was a teacher. He was a bright student and caught the attention of a visiting Christian missionary Reverend Hughes. Rev. Hughes used to come to Kotha for religious discussion and propagation and had befriended Abdul Qayyums' uncles. Sensing that his nephew had more potential, Syed Ahmed Bacha was eventually convinced by Hughes to send him to Peshawar for modern education. Abdul Qayyum was admitted to the Municipal Board Middle School, Peshawar City from where he passed his Vernacular school exam in 1880.[10][11]
He subsequently gained admission to Edwards Mission High School,[12] where he passed his English middle school examination in 1883.[13] He took the examination for Naib-Tehsildar in September 1886 and passed on his first attempt.[14]
Due to the non-availability of a Naib Tehsildar post, he applied for training in Settlement Work. He eventually joined the Commissioner's Office and was employed as a Translator and Reader.[15]
In 1887, Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum was appointedNaibTehsildar.[1] During this time he was part of the Black Mountain expedition of 1888. This was a punitive expedition against certain Hazara clans for unsettled offences, including the murder of several British officers.[16] During the expedition, Abdul Qayyum had the task of sending daily reports to the various government agencies.[17] His work was highly commended and he was awarded a silver medal, 'Hazara 88'.[18]
He was sent toSialkot in 1890 for settlement training.[19]
He subsequently held several administrative portfolios, i.e.,Tehsildar, Chief Political Agent ofHazara, Revenue Assistant and Treasury Officer, Extra AssistantCommissioner, Superintendent of the Commissioner's Vernacular Office, AssistantPolitical Agent Khyber, 'Assistant Political Agent' ofChitral, and then ofKhyber Agency and then promoted to Assistant Political Agent of Khyber,Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), during the period 1891 to 1919.[1]
In the year 1893, during the rule ofAmirAbdur Rahman Khan of Afghanistan a Royal Commission for demarcating the Indo-Afghan Boundary, theDurand line betweenAfghanistan and theBritish Indian Empire, was set up and the two parties camped atParachinar, now part of FATA Pakistan, which is nearKhost, Afghanistan.[1]
From the British Indian side the camp was Attended by Sir HenryMortimer Durand and Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, then Assistant Political Agent Khyber. Afghanistan was represented bySahibzada Abdul Latif and the GovernorSardar Shireendil Khan representing the King Amir Abdur Rahman Khan.[20]
In 1921, he went to visit his old friendGeorge Roos-Keppel[21] who was severely ill at the time. He was shown a letter from the British government wanting to appoint Roos as Viceroy of India. Roos had replied that he would accept the position on the condition that Abdul Qayyum be made Chief Commissioner of theNorth West Frontier Province (NWFP).[22] However, Ross Keppel died shortly afterwards.
In 1924, he was nominated as a non-official member of the Indian Legislative Assembly[23] and remained a member until 1932. In November 1928 he was appointed as a member of a committee to examine the educational conditions in NWFP, Delhi and Ajmer-Merwara. The committee submitted a report in 1930, with an in-depth analysis, general recommendations and specific stress on female education, sanitation and necessary changes in curricula.[24]
He represented NWFP at theRound Table Conferences (India) during 1931-33 period.[25]
The 1st NWFP Legislative Council was established in 1932 and Abdul Qayyum was appointed the first and sole Minister of Transferred Departments. As a consequence of theGovernment of India Act 1935, the NWFP status was upgraded to a governors' province, hence requiring a separate Legislative Assembly. Following the first elections in NWFP in 1937, no single political party was able to gain a majority.[26] Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum became the firstChief Minister of theKhyber-Pakhtunkhwa on 1 April 1937. However, this government could not last more than 6 months. Owing toIndian National Congress's opposition who considered him to be the 'spokesman of British imperialism', a vote of no-confidence was passed against him in September 1937.[27] He was replaced by the Congress ministry headed byDr Khan Sahib.[28] A. Qayyum died 92 days after his ouster from the office on 4 December 1937.[29]
The achievements of his short-lived government included:[30]
A delegation fromIslamia College, headed by the then PrincipalR.L. Holdsworth came to visit Abdul Qayyum at his residence inTopi on 3 December 1937.[2] They were discussing the Silver Jubilee plans of the college, scheduled for the spring of 1938.[32] After seeing his guests off, while walking back home he became dizzy, vomited and was about to fall down, but was supported by those around him.[33] He was sat down on a chair. He told his kinsmen that the life was ebbing out of his limbs on one side. He soon fell into a coma and died at around 1:30 AM the next morning. It was 3 December and alsoEid.[34]His funeral was held the same day at 4pm and was attended by the Governor of NWFP and many high-ranking officials.TheEastern Times reported "... He was incomparably the greatest man that the Province had ever produced.".[35]
After the death of Sir A. Qayyum, most of the members of his party (United Muslims Nationalist Party) joined the newly formedAll-India Muslim League, electingSardar Aurang Zeb Khan as its party leader in the assembly.[36]
In dedication to his services, there are numerous monuments named after him,[2]
| Academic offices | ||
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| New office | Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 1 April 1937 – 7 September 1937 | Succeeded by |
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