 The fifth rebbe, Avrohom Yaakov Friedman, hosting followers in 2010 | |
| Founder | |
|---|---|
| RabbiAvrohom Yaakov Friedman | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Israel,United States,Europe | |
| Religions | |
| Hasidic Judaism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Ruzhin (Hasidic dynasty),Bohush,Boyan,Chortkov,Husiatyn,Shtefanesht |
Sadigura is aHasidicdynasty named for the city ofSadhora (Sadigura inYiddish),Bukovina, which was part of theAustrian Empire.[1] The dynasty began in 1850 withRabbiAvrohom Yaakov Friedman, a son of RabbiYisrael Friedman of Ruzhyn, and was based in Sadigura until 1914. During theinterwar period the dynasty was led byrebbes (ruling hereditary dynastic rabbis) inVienna andPrzemyśl, Poland, and just before World War II moved toIsrael.
Sadigura is one of the branches of theRuzhiner dynasty, together withBohush,Boyan,Chortkov,Husiatyn, andShtefanesht.
As of 2013, Sadigura had several hundred members in Israel, the United States and Europe. Its members reside in Israel (Jerusalem,Ashdod,Modiin Ilit,Beitar Ilit, andElad), in North America, (Los Angeles andNew York City), and in Europe (London andAntwerp).[2]
The 6th rebbe, Yisrael Moshe Friedman died inBnei Brak on 11 August 2020 aged 64. He was succeeded by his three sons, Mordechai Sholom Yosef, Aaron Dov Ber and Avrohom Yehosua Heshel.
In the early 1840s, the Ruzhiner Rebbe fled Russia to escape persecution by theTsar. He moved his family toSadigura.[citation needed] where he lived for ten years and built a palatial residence and an imposingsynagogue, and attracted tens of thousands of Hasidim.[3][4] When the Ruzhiner Rebbe died at the age of 54 on 9 October 1850,[5] his six sons established their own courts in different towns. His eldest son, Rabbi Sholom Yosef Friedman (1813-1851),[6] remained in Sadigura to continue leading the court his father had founded, but died ten months later.[7] At this point, the Ruzhiner Rebbe's second son,[6] Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov (1820–1883), assumed the mantle of leadership in Sadigura, becoming known as the first Sadigura Rebbe.[8]
The Sadigura Rebbe maintained the grand lifestyle of his father's court, with its lavish accoutrements and showy dress, and immersed himself in the mysticism ofKabbalah, as had his father. The combination of earthly royalty and spiritual depth attracted both Jews and Christians to his court.[9] Hundreds of thousands of Jews sought his wisdom and counsel.[10] He also entertained visits from prominent Christians, including princes, counts, and writers who published articles about him in newspapers inVienna,Berlin,Frankfurt,Prague, and other locales.[11]
The Sadigura Rebbe undertook the remainder of the fund-raising for theTiferet Yisrael Synagogue, the Ruzhiner synagogue in theOld City ofJerusalem initiated by his father. The synagogue was completed in 1872.[12][13] He also purchased the privilege of lighting the mainbonfire at the grave of RabbiShimon bar Yochai inMeron, Israel onLag BaOmer from theSephardi guardians of Meron andSafed. The Sadigura Rebbe bequeathed this honor to his eldest son, RabbiYitzchok, the firstBoyaner Rebbe, and his progeny.[14]
After his death, his two sons, RabbiYitzchok (1850–1917) and Rabbi Yisrael (1852–1907), assumed joint leadership of their father's Hasidim. While they were content with this arrangement, many of the Sadigura Hasidim preferred to have one Rebbe, and in 1887, the brothers agreed to draw lots to determine who would stay in Sadigura and who would move out. The lots fell to Rabbi Yisrael to remain as the second Sadigura Rebbe, while Rabbi Yitzchok moved to the neighboring town ofBoiany (Boyan) and established his court there, becoming the first Boyaner Rebbe.[15]
Rabbi Yisrael had five sons: Rabbi Aharon of Sadigura (the author ofKedushas Aharon) (1877–1913) who had considerable musical accomplishment,[citation needed] Rabbi Shlomo Yosef ofChernovitz, RabbiAvrohom Yaakov Friedman of Sadigura (1884–1961), Rabbi Yitzhak ofRimanov (1887–1929),[citation needed] and Rabbi Shlomo Chaim (Reb Shlomenu) of Sadigura (1887–1972).[16] After Rabbi Yisrael's death in 1907, each of his sons became Rebbes, making their courts and conducting theirtishen in different halls of the great Sadigura synagogue.[17] Rabbi Yisrael's eldest son, theKedushas Aharon, died in 1912[7] and was succeeded by his 16-year-old son, Rabbi Mordechai Sholom Yosef Friedman.[18]
In 1914, with the outbreak of World War I, Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov fled toVienna together with his younger brother, Rabbi Shlomo Chaim, and his orphaned nephew, Rabbi Mordechai Sholom Yosef. Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov established his court in Vienna and led the Sadigura Hasidim from that city for the next 24 years.[7][19] The relocation of the Sadigura Rebbes to Vienna spelled the end of the once flourishing Jewish community in Sadigura, which comprised more than 5,000 Jews before World War I. Although some Jews remained, only a few lone survivors were left at the end of World War II .[7]
RabbiAvrohom Yaakov Friedman, grandson of the first Sadigura rebbe, obtained a visa toPalestine shortly after theAnschluss of 1938 and re-established his court inTel Aviv.[20] Thousands of Sadigura Hasidim were murdered in theHolocaust, leaving the Rebbe with only a few dozen followers. Nonetheless, he continued to lead his Hasidim with princely bearing,[21] conducting his court in Tel Aviv for 22 years until his death in 1961.[22] Known as the third Sadigura Rebbe, Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov was actively involved in Jewish communal life in the new state ofIsrael, being one of the first members ofAgudat Israel and occupying a seat on theMoetzes Gedolei HaTorah.[21]
After the death of the third Sadigura Rebbe in 1961, his Hasidim asked his younger brother, Rabbi Shlomo Chaim, to succeed him, but the latter demurred. He did agree to sit in his brother's place attischen held onJewish holidays and on theyahrtzeits of his Ruzhiner and Sadigura ancestors.[23] Meanwhile, the Sadigura dynasty continued through the Rebbe's nephew, Rabbi Mordechai Sholom Yosef Friedman (1897–1979), known as the fourthAdmor of Sadigura,[2] who led Sadigura Hasidim in Sadigura and Przemyśl (where he founded the Yeshiva 'Meshivas Nefesh') beforeemigrating to Tel Aviv in 1939. His words of Torah were compiled inKnesses Mordechai.[7] Upon his death in 1979, Rabbi Mordechai Sholom Yosef was interred near the other Admorim of Sadigur, in the 'Nachlas Yitzchak' cemetery inGivatayim,[7] and was succeeded by his son, Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov Friedman (1928–2013), who moved the Sadigura court from Tel Aviv to Bnei Brak.[2] Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov died at the age of 84 on 1 January 2013, after being ill from pneumonia, and was buried in the Nahalat Yitzhak cemetery alongside his father.[2] He was succeeded by his only son, the previous Sadigura Rebbe, Rabbi Yisrael Moshe Friedman (b. 1955), former Rov & founder of Kehilas Sadigura inLondon.
Rabbi Yisrael Moshe Friedman died at the age of 65 inBnei Brak on 11 August 2020, following a lengthy illness and was buried in the Nahalat Yitzhak cemetery inGivatayim,[7] alongside his father and grandfather.[24] He was succeeded by his son Rabbi Yitzchok Yehoshua Heshel inBnei Brak.
Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov was the second son of Rabbi Yisroel of Ruzhyn, and the first man to carry the title "Sadigura Rebbe". He was considered the biggest Rebbe of his generation, along with his second youngest brother, Rabbi Dovid Moshe of Chortkov. He is known to followers as The Alter Rebbe, not to be confused with Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi, Alter Rebbe of Chabad-Lubavitch. His teachings are recorded in many volumes, primarily the two part sefer Emes L'Yaakov, not to be confused with the sefer by Reb Yaakov Emden with the same title.
The second Rebbe of Sadigura was Rabbi Yisroel Friedman, the third son of Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov. He should not be confused with his first cousin, Rabbi Yisroel Friedman of Chortkov, with whom he had a close personal friendship. After serving as Rebbe alongside his elder brother Reb Yitzchok for approximately one year following his father's death, Rav Yitzchok moved to Boyan leaving the mantle of Sadigura solely to Rav Yisroel's descendants. His teachings are recorded primarily in Ohr Yisroel, and he is known to his chassidim by this name.
Rabbi Aharon Friedman was the oldest son of Rabbi Yisroel of Sadigura, and the last Sadigura Rebbe to serve his entire tenure in Sadhora. He is known for musical talents and for the deep kabbalistic style of his Torah. He was named for his forefather, Rabbi Aharon of Karlin. There are many similarities between the two Rabbis, including their identical lifespan of exactly 36 years and six months each. Chassidim refer to him as the Kedushas Aharon, after the sefer that records his teachings.
Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov II was the younger brother of Rabbi Aharon, and the fifth son of Rabbi Yisoel. He served as an alternate Rebbe in Sadigura during the life of his eldest brother, and in Vienna and Tel Aviv during the tenure of his nephew. He is called the Abir Yaakov by Chassidim, and his title is "Rebbe of Sadigura-Tel Aviv".
Rabbi Mordechai Shalom Yosef of Sadigura-Pshemisyl was the only child of Rav Aharon, and the youngest to serve as Sadigura Rebbe. He was sixteen years old when he assumed leadership of the dynasty. He began his tenure in Sadhora, and then moved to Pshemishyl where he established a shul and yeshiva. He then moved to Vienna where his uncles lived. He relocated to the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, where he led his rabbinical court until he migrated to Tel Aviv. He built his Beis Medrash there, and established the Sadigura Institutions in nearby Bnei Brak. He was a leading Rabbi in the Agudah, serving the organization until the end of his life. He was the longest serving Sadigura Rebbe, having led the dynasty for more than 66 years. Chassidim call him the Knesses Mordechai, after his sefer.
Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov III was the second son of Rav Mordechai Shalom Yosef, and the fifth Rebbe of Sadigura. Prior to his father's death, he served as Rosh Yeshiva in the Sadigura Yeshiva established by his father. He was also a senior member of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah of Agudas Yisroel. He relocated the chassidus's headquarters to B'nei Brak after serving in Tel Aviv for approximately two decades. Chassidim call him Der Rebbe Der Ikvei Abirim.
Rabbi Yisroel Moshe, known as "Der Sadigura Rebbe Zatzal" was the third child and only son of Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov III. He established the Kehilla of Sadigura-London, which he led personally until his coronation as rebbe upon his father's death. He assumed his father's positions in Sadigura and on the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah, which he held for seven and a half years until his early passing in 2020 at age 65. It was during his tenure as Rebbe that the Ruzhyner's Hoif in Sadhora was rededicated. His teachings are recorded in Ateres Yisroel, Abirei Yam, and Yalkut Imrei Kodesh-Sadigura.
Three of his sons have taken over leadership. Rabbi Mordechai Sholom Yosef Friedman leads the court in Jerusalem. Rabbi Aaron Dov Ber Friedman leads the court in London. Rabbi Yitzchok Yehoshua Heshel Friedman, second to youngest son of the previous Rebbe, has taken over the court in Bnei Brak.
| Dov Ber of Mezeritch (1710–1772) The Maggid of Mezeritch (disciple of theBaal Shem Tov) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Avrohom the Angel Reb Avrohom HaMalach | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sholom Shachne of Prhobisht Reb Sholom of Prhobisht | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yisroel Friedman (1797–1851) Rebbe of Ruzhin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Avrohom Yaakov Friedman (1820–1883) 1st Rebbe of Sadigura | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yisroel Friedman (1853–1907) 2nd Rebbe of Sadigura | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sholom Yosef of Chernovitz | Avrohom Yaakov Friedman (1884-1961) Avir Yaakov 3rd Rebbe of Sadigura | Yitzchok Friedman of Rimanov | Aaron Friedman (1877–1913) Kedushas Aharon Rebbe of Sadigura | Shlomo Chaim("Shlomenyu") Friedman (1887–1972) Rebbe of Sadigura | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mordechai Sholom Yosef Friedman (1897–1979) Knesses Mordechai 4th Rebbe of Sadigura | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Avrohom Yaakov Friedman (1928–2013) 5th Rebbe of Sadigura | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yisrael Moshe Friedman (1955–2020) 6th Rebbe of Sadigura | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Branches | |
|---|---|
| People | |
| Education | |
| Politics | |
| Rabbinates | |
| Organizations | |
| Laws | |
| Philosophies | |
