49°12′N34°51′W / 49.200°N 34.850°W /49.200; -34.850
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| History | |
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| Owner |
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| Operator |
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| Port of registry |
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| Builder | Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company,Govan |
| Yard number | 448 |
| Launched | 5 September 1906 |
| Completed | 1906 |
| Fate |
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| General characteristics | |
| Type | Ocean liner |
| Tonnage | 3586 gross register tons[1] |
| Length | 340 ft 0 in (103.63 m) |
| Beam | 43 ft 0 in (13.11 m) |
| Depth | 31 feet 3 inches (9.53 m) |
| Propulsion |
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| Speed | 14 knots (26 km/h) |
| Capacity |
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| Crew | 93 |
SSVolturno was anocean liner that caught fire and was eventuallyscuttled in theNorth Atlantic in October 1913. She was aRoyal Line shipunder charter to the Uranium Line at the time of the fire. After the ship issuedSOS signals, eleven ships came to her aid and, in heavy seas and gale winds, rescued 521 passengers and crewmen. In total 135 people died in the incident, most of them women and children inlifeboats launched unsuccessfully prior to the arrival of the rescue ships.
Volturno was 340 feet 0 inches (103.63 m) long, with a beam of 43 feet 0 inches (13.11 m) and a depth of 31 feet 3 inches (9.53 m). She was powered by twotriple expansion steam engines rated at a total of 450nhp, 2,750ihp. The engines drove twin screwpropellers giving her a speed of 14 knots (26 km/h). They were built byFairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company,Govan,Renfrewshire.[2]
Volturno was built as yard number 448 by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company. Ordered by Navigazione Italo-American,Naples,Italy, she was launched on 5 September 1906 and completed on 6 November.[2][3] Her first owner was the Volturno Steamship Company,London and she was operated under the management of D. G. Pinkney & Co. Ltd., London. In 1910, she was sold to Canadian Royal Steamships Ltd., which traded as the Royal Line. She was placed under the management of H. W. Harding, London.[2]
Volturno, on a voyage fromRotterdam toNew York City, was carrying a mixed load of passengers, mostly immigrants, and cargo that included highly flammable chemicals.[4][5][self-published source?] At about 06:00 on 9 October 1913, it caught fire during a gale in theNorth Atlantic at49°12′N34°51′W / 49.200°N 34.850°W /49.200; -34.850 (SSVolturno). The cargo hold in the front of the ship was engulfed in flames. Shortly afterwards, some of the cargo exploded.[6]
The fire spread to the ship's coal bunkers, cutting power to the fire pumps. The crew fought the fire for about two hours but, realising the severity of the fire and the limited options for dousing it, Captain Francis Inch radioed anSOS. Eleven ships responded to the ship's reported position, arriving throughout the day and into the next. Meanwhile, several lifeboats with women and children aboard were launched; all either capsized or were smashed by the ship's hull, leaving no one alive from the first boats.[6]
CaptainJames Clayton Barr ofRMS Carmania, the first ship to arrive, at around noon,[7] took command of the rescue effort.[8] Barr had the other nine vessels form a "line of battle" and slowly circle the burning ship. Throughout the night of 11 October,Carmania kept one of her searchlights onVolturno, with another sweeping the ring of rescue ships to help them avoid collisions.[6] According to one passenger, despiteCarmania's efforts, two of the ships, theRed Star linerKroonland and theFrench Line steamerLa Touraine almost collided, coming within 15 to 20 feet (5 to 6 m). This was disputed by an officer on theKroonland.[9]
The rescue ships launched lifeboats of their own, but rough seas and the reluctance ofVolturno's passengers to jump into the frigid water hampered rescue efforts. On boardVolturno, the crew and some male passengers, unable to extinguish the fire, were at least able to keep it from spreading to the aftcargo holds over which the others on board were gathered. However, shortly before dawn, there was a large explosion, probably of theboilers. The rescuers felt that the ship, which had not been in imminent danger of sinking, would founder at any time.[6]
In the early morning of 11 October, thetankerNarragansett, one of the eleven rescue vessels, turned on her pumps and sprayed oil on the sea to help calm the surface.[6] The combination of the oil and the lessening of the storm allowed many more lifeboats to be launched.
With all lifeboats recovered by 09:00, the rescue ships resumed their original courses. In all, 521 passengers and crew members were rescued by ten of the eleven ships. The death toll was 135, mostly women and children from the early lifeboat launchings.[6]
On the night of 17 October, the Dutch tankerCharlois, unaware of the events of the week before, came upon the still-smoldering hulk ofVolturno.Charlois lowered a boat that stood by, attempting to hail any possible survivors on board. When day broke on 18 October, Captain Schmidt saw the full extent of the damage. Seeing thatVolturno was a hazard to passing ships, he orderedVolturno'sseacocks opened, scuttling the ship.[10]
The following ships participated in theVolturno rescue:[11]
Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1913 | |
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| Shipwrecks |
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| Other incidents |
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