SOX1 exerts its importance in its role in development of thecentral nervous system (neurogenesis) and in particular thedevelopment of the eye, where it is functionally redundant withSOX3 and to a lesser degreeSOX2, and maintenance of neural progenitor cell identity. SOX1 expression is restricted to theneuroectoderm by proliferating progenitor cells in thetetrapod embryo.[5][6] The induction of this neuroectoderm occurs upon expression of the SOX1 gene. Inectodermal cells committed to a certain cell fate, SOX1 has shown to be one of the earliest transcription factors expressed.[7] In particular, SOX1 is first detected in the late head fold stage.[8]
SOX1 has shown clinical significance in its direct regulation of gamma-crystallin genes, which is vital for lens development in mice. Gamma-crystallins serve as a key structural component in lens fiber cells in both mammals and amphibians. Research has shown direct deletion of the SOX1 gene in mice causes cataracts and microphthalmia. These mutant lenses fail to elongate due to the absence of gamma-crystallins.[9]
SOX1 is a member of the SOX gene family, in particular the SOXB1 group, which includes SOX1, SOX2, and SOX3. The SOX gene family encodes transcription factors. It is suggested the three members of the SOXB1 group have redundant roles in the development of neural stem cells. This group of SOX genes regulate neural progenitor identity. Each of these proteins have unique neural markers. Overexpression of either SOX1, SOX2, or SOX 3 increases neural progenitors and prevents neural differentiation. In non-mammalian vertebrates, loss of one SOXB1 protein results in minor phenotypic differences. This supports the claim that SOXB1 group proteins have redundant roles.[10]
^Nitta KR, Takahashi S, Haramoto Y, Fukuda M, Onuma Y, Asashima M (December 2006). "Expression of Sox1 during Xenopus early embryogenesis".Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.351 (1):287–293.doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.040.PMID17056008.
