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SAO North-East Bosnia

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Coordinates:44°45′25″N19°12′58″E / 44.75694°N 19.21611°E /44.75694; 19.21611

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Short-lived Serb break-away region in Yugoslavia

Serb Autonomous Region of North-East Bosnia

Српска аутономна област Североисточна Босна (Serbian)
Srpska autonomna oblast Severoistočna Bosna (Serbian)

1991–1992

Flag

Coat of arms

Status

Self-proclaimed entity

Capital

Bijeljina
44°45′25″N19°12′58″E / 44.75694°N 19.21611°E /44.75694; 19.21611

Government

Provisional government

• Ruling party

Serb Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Historical era

Breakup of Yugoslavia

• Proclamation

19 September 1991; 34 years ago (1991-09-19)

• Proclamation of the Republic of the Serb people of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2 January 1992; 33 years ago (1992-01-02)

Preceded by

Succeeded by

Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Republika Srpska (1991–95)

SAO North-East Bosnia (Serbian:САО Североисточна Босна /SAO Severoistočna Bosna) was aSerb Autonomous Region (Serbian:САО /SAO), aSerb break-away province, in theYugoslav republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SR BiH). It was established in September 1991, proclaimed by theSerb Democratic Party on 19 September 1991,^[1] along with other SAOs (Eastern Herzegovina,Bosanska Krajina,Romanija), and included five districts in northeastern SR BiH.^[2] It existed between September 1991 and 9 January 1992, when it became part ofRepublic of the Serb people of Bosnia and Herzegovina (later Republika Srpska). It was renamedSAO Semberija (Serbian Cyrillic:САО Семберија) in November 1991, andSAO Semberija and Majevica (САО Семберија и Мајевица^[3]) in December 1991.^[2] It included three municipalities (Bijeljina,Lopare andUgljevik^[4]), with a population of 150,000, out of whom 56–59% were ethnic Serbs.^[5] The capital wasBijeljina.^[2]

References

[edit]

^Gow 1997, p. 34.
^^a ^b ^cThomas & Mikulan 2013, p. 9.
^Vojska. Vojnoizdavački i novinski centar. 1993.
^National Security and the Future. St. George Association. 2005.
^Ahrens 2007, p. 577.

Sources

[edit]

Ahrens, Geert-Hinrich (6 March 2007).Diplomacy on the Edge: Containment of Ethnic Conflict and the Minorities Working Group of the Conferences on Yugoslavia. Woodrow Wilson Center Press. pp. 577–.ISBN 978-0-8018-8557-0.
Gow, James (1997).Triumph of the Lack of Will: International Diplomacy and the Yugoslav War. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 34–.ISBN 978-1-85065-208-3.
Thomas, Nigel; Mikulan, K (20 February 2013).The Yugoslav Wars (2): Bosnia, Kosovo and Macedonia 1992?2001. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 9–.ISBN 978-1-4728-0244-6.

External links

[edit]

Map Archived 2012-02-05 at theWayback Machine

Bosnian War

Part of theYugoslav Wars

Belligerents

Bosniak side	Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1st Corps 2nd Corps 3rd Corps 4th Corps 5th Corps 6th Corps 7th Corps Paramilitary Patriotic League Green Berets Bosnian mujahideen
Croat side	Croatian Defence Council 1OZ 2OZ 3OZ 4OZ Paramilitary Croatian Defence Forces Knights
Serb side	Army of Republika Srpska 1st Krajina Corps 2nd Krajina Corps 3rd Corps East Bosnia Corps Herzegovina Corps Sarajevo-Romanija Corps Drina Corps Paramilitary Wolves of Vučjak White Eagles Serb Volunteer Guard Scorpions Yellow Wasps
Western Bosnian side	National Defence of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia

Prelude

1992

1993

1994

1995

Internment camps

Aspects

Timeline of the Bosnian War (Timeline of the Croat–Bosniak War)

Category
Commons

Yugoslav Wars

Wars and conflicts

Log Revolution (1990)
Slovenian War of Independence (1991)
Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)
Bosnian War (1992–1995)
- Croat–Bosniak War (1992–1994)
Kosovo War (1998–99)
Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (1999–2001)
2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia (2001)

Background

Anti-war protests

Successor states

Unrecognized entities

Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia (HRHB)
Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (APZB)
Republic of Kosova

Serb Autonomous Regions	Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK) SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia SAO Krajina SAO Western Slavonia Republika Srpska (RS) SAO Bosanska Krajina SAO Herzegovina SAO Northern Bosnia SAO Semberija SAO Romanija Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia Dubrovnik Republic

United Nations protectorate

Armies

Yugoslav People's Army (JNA)
Yugoslav Territorial Defence (TO)
Slovenian Territorial Defence (TORS)
Yugoslav Army (VJ)
Croatian Army (HV)
BiH Territorial Defence (T.O. BiH)
Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH)
Army of Republika Srpska (VRS)
Army of the Republic of Serb Krajina (SVK)
Croatian Defence Council (HVO)
Kosovo Liberation Army (UÇK inR. Serbia)
National Liberation Army (UÇK in R. Macedonia)
Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac (UÇPMB)

Military formations and volunteers

Croatian National Guard (ZNG)
Croatian Defence Forces (HOS)
SPU Knights [hr]
White Eagles
Serb Guard (SG)
Serb Volunteer Guard (SDG)
Scorpions
Yellow Wasps
Garda Panteri
Dušan the Mighty
Kninjas
Serb Falcons [sr]
Tobutski sokolovi
Jackals
Greek Volunteer Guard
Wolves of Vučjak
Albanian National Army (AKSh)
Green Berets (ZB)
Patriotic League (P.L. BiH)
Black Swans
Bosnian mujahideen
National Defence of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (NOZB)

External factors

Politicians

Top military commanders

Other notable commanders

Key foreign figures

v t e Croatian War of Independence
Part of theYugoslav Wars
Prelude	Log Revolution SAO Krajina
1991	Pakrac clash Plitvice Lakes incident Siege of Kijevo Battle of Borovo Selo 1991 riot in Zadar 1991 protest in Split SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia Killings of Serbs in Vukovar Sisak killings Tenja killings Operation Stinger Dalj massacre Operation Labrador SAO Western Slavonia Banija villages killings Battle of Vukovar Battle of Osijek Battle of Gospić Petrinja killings Battle of Jasenovac Berak killings Battle of Kusonje Četekovac massacre Battle of the Barracks Siege of Varaždin Barracks Siege of Bjelovar Barracks Battle of Zadar Battle of Šibenik 1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia Korana bridge killings Tovarnik massacre Siege of Dubrovnik Novo Selo Glinsko massacre Bombing of Banski dvori Široka Kula massacre Lovas killings Gospić massacre Baćin massacre Saborsko massacre Požega villages massacre Operation Otkos 10 Battle of Logorište Poljanak and Vukovići massacres Erdut killings Pula incident Battle of the Dalmatian channels Kostrići massacre Škabrnja massacre Vukovar massacre Novska murders Vance plan Murder of the Zec family Operation Whirlwind Paulin Dvor massacre Gornje Jame massacre Operation Orkan 91 Voćin massacre Joševica massacre Operation Devil's Beam Bruška massacre Vrsar airport bombing
1992	Sarajevo Agreement 1992 European Community Monitor Mission helicopter downing Operation Baranja Operation Jackal Battle of the Miljevci Plateau Operation Tiger (1992) Operation Liberated Land Battle of Konavle Operation Vlaštica
1993–94	Operation Maslenica Daruvar Agreement Operation Backstop Operation Medak Pocket Z-4 Plan Operation Winter '94
1995	Operation Leap 1 Operation Flash Medari massacre Zagreb rocket attack Operation Leap 2 Operation Summer '95 Operation Storm Kijani killings Golubić killings Uzdolje killings Bosanski Petrovac refugee column bombing Dvor massacre Komić killings Gošić killings Varivode massacre Operation Maestral 2
Timeline of the Croatian War of Independence
Internment camps	Begejci camp Bučje camp Kerestinec camp Knin camp Kuline prison camp Lora prison camp Marino Selo camp Ovčara camp Pakračka Poljana camp Sremska Mitrovica prison camp Stajićevo camp Velepromet camp
Other	Independence of Croatia Persecution of Croats in Serbia during the war in Croatia Erdut Agreement (UNTAES)
Category Commons

Bosnian War

Part of theYugoslav Wars

Belligerents

Bosniak side	Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1st Corps 2nd Corps 3rd Corps 4th Corps 5th Corps 6th Corps 7th Corps Paramilitary Patriotic League Green Berets Bosnian mujahideen
Croat side	Croatian Defence Council 1OZ 2OZ 3OZ 4OZ Paramilitary Croatian Defence Forces Knights
Serb side	Army of Republika Srpska 1st Krajina Corps 2nd Krajina Corps 3rd Corps East Bosnia Corps Herzegovina Corps Sarajevo-Romanija Corps Drina Corps Paramilitary Wolves of Vučjak White Eagles Serb Volunteer Guard Scorpions Yellow Wasps
Western Bosnian side	National Defence of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia

Prelude

1992

1993

1994

1995

Internment camps

Aspects

Timeline of the Bosnian War (Timeline of the Croat–Bosniak War)

Category
Commons

Breakup of Yugoslavia

Overview

Breakup of Yugoslavia (1991–1992)

Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia (1980–2008)

Background

Josip Broz Tito (until 1980)
Brotherhood and unity (until 1990)
League of Communists of Yugoslavia (until 1990)
Croatian Spring (1967–1971)
Islamic Declaration (1970)
Protests in Kosovo (1981)
Sarajevo Process (1983)
SANU Memorandum (1986)
Contributions to the Slovene National Program (1987)
Slovene Spring (1987–1988)
Agrokomerc Affair (1987)
8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia (1987)
JBTZ trial (1988)
Neum Affair [bs] (1988–1989)
Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1980s)

Events and actors

Anti-bureaucratic revolution (1988–1989)
Gazimestan speech (1989)
14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1990)
Independence of Croatia (1989–1992)
Log Revolution (1990–1991)
Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting (1991)
RAM Plan (1991)
Brioni Agreement (1991)
Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia
Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia (1991–1993)

v t e Independence referendums in Yugoslavia
Republics and provinces	Slovenia (1990) Croatia (1991) Macedonia (1991) Kosovo (1991) Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992) Montenegro (1992) Montenegro (2006)
Autonomy	Krajina (1990) Sandžak (1991) Srpska (1991) Ilirida (1992) Eastern Slavonia (1997) Macedonia (2004)

Consequences

Yugoslav Wars (1991-2001)
Ethnic cleansing
Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)
Ten-Day War (1991)
Bosnian War (1992–1995)
- Croat–Bosniak War (1992–1994)
- Intra-Bosnian Muslim War (1993–1995)
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003)
Graz agreement (1992)
International sanctions against Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2001)
Hyperinflation in Serbia and Montenegro (1992–1994)
Washington Agreement (1994)
Dayton Agreement (1996)
Joint Criminal Enterprise
Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control (1996)
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (1993–2017)
Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević (2000)

Nationalism

Category

Category
Commons

Timeline ofYugoslav statehood

Region	until 1918	1918– 1929	1941– 1945	1945– 1946	1992– 2003	2003– 2006	2006– 2008	since 2008
Slovenia	Part of Austria-Hungary including the Bay of Kotor See also: Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (1868–1918) Kingdom of Dalmatia (1815–1918) Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878–1918)	State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918) Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929) Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1943) See also: Republic of Prekmurje (1919) Banat, Bačka and Baranja (1918–1919) Free State of Fiume (1920–1924) (1924–1945) Italian province of Zadar (1920–1947)	Annexed by Italy,Germany, and Hungary^a	Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1943–1945) Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1963) Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992) Consisted of the Socialist Republics of: Slovenia(1945–1991) Croatia(1945–1991) Bosnia and Herzegovina(1945–1992) Serbia (1945–1992) (included theautonomous provinces ofVojvodina andKosovo) Montenegro(1945–1992) Macedonia(1945–1991) See also: Free Territory of Trieste(1947–1954)^h	Republic of Slovenia Ten-Day War
Dalmatia			Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945) Puppet state ofGermany. Parts annexed byItaly. Međimurje andBaranja annexed byHungary.		Republic of Croatia^b Croatian War of Independence
Slavonia
Croatia
Bosnia					Bosnia and Herzegovina^c Bosnian War Consists of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 1995), Republika Srpska (since 1995), and Brčko District (since 2000).
Herzegovina
Vojvodina	Part of theDélvidék region of Hungary		Autonomous Banat^d (part of the German Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia)		Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Consisted of the Republic of Serbia (1992–2006) and Republic of Montenegro (1992–2006)IncludedKosovo and Metohija, underUN administration, without control since 1999	State Union of Serbia and Montenegro IncludedKosovo, under UN administration	Republic of Serbia Included the autonomous provinces ofVojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija under UN administration	Republic of Serbia Includes the autonomous province ofVojvodina; Kosovo claim
Central Serbia	Kingdom of Serbia (1882–1918)		Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia (1941–1944) ^e
Kosovo	Part of theKingdom of Serbia (1912–1918)		Mostly annexed byItalian Albania (1941–1944) along with western Macedonia and south-eastern Montenegro					Republic of Kosovo
Metohija	Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918) Metohija controlled by Austria-Hungary 1915–1918							Republic of Kosovo
Montenegro andBrda			Protectorate of Montenegro^f (1941–1944)				Montenegro
Vardar Macedonia	Part of theKingdom of Serbia (1912–1918)		Annexed by theKingdom of Bulgaria (1941–1944)		Republic of North Macedonia^g
^aPrekmurje annexed byHungary. ^bSee also:SAO Kninska Krajina (1990) →SAO Krajina (1990–1991); andSAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (1990–1991),SAO Western Slavonia (1990–1991) and theRepublic of Serbian Krajina (1990–1995), all replaced by theUN Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (1996–1998). ^cSee also:Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina;Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia; and theSerbian Autonomous Oblasts (SAOs) ofBosanska Krajina,North-East Bosnia,Romanija andHerzegovina (1991–1992), which all combined to form theSerbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995). ^dBačka was reannexed by Hungary (1941–1944), whileSyrmia was annexed by the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1944). ^e IncludingNorth Kosovo.See also:Republic of Užice. ^f Annexed by Italy (1941–1943) and Germany (1943–1944). Smaller part annexed by the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1944). ^g North Macedonia's official and constitutional name was the Republic of Macedonia until 2019. It was known in the United Nations asthe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia because of anaming dispute withGreece. ^h Free Territory was established in 1947. Its administration was divided into two areas (Zone A) and (Zone B). Free Territory was de facto taken over by Italy and SFRY in 1954.

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