Rye whiskey can refer to two different, but related, types ofwhiskey:

• American rye whiskey, which is similar tobourbon whiskey, but must be distilled from at least 51 percentrye grain
• Canadian whisky, which is often referred to as (and often labelled as) rye whisky for historical reasons, although it may or may not actually include any rye grain in its production process.

In theUnited States, rye whiskey is, by law, made from amash of at least 51 percent rye. (The other ingredients in the mash are usuallycorn and maltedbarley.)^{[citation needed]} It isdistilled to no more than 160U.S. proof (80%abv) andaged in charred, newoakbarrels. The whiskey must be put in the barrels at no more than 125 proof (62.5% abv). Rye whiskey that has been aged for at least two years and has not beenblended with other spirits may be further designated asstraight, as in "straight rye whiskey".^[1]

Rye whiskey was historically the prevalent whiskey in the northeastern states, especiallyPennsylvania,New York andMaryland.Pittsburgh was the center of rye whiskey production in the late 1700s and early 1800s.^[2] By 1808,Allegheny County, Pennsylvania farmers were selling half a barrel for each man, woman and child in the country.^[3] By the 1880s,Joseph F. Sinnott's distillery, Moore and Sinnott, located inMonongahela, Pennsylvania, was the largest producer of rye whiskey, with a capacity of 30,000 barrels a year.^[4][5] In 1886, rye whiskey was produced in 17 states.^[6]

Rye whiskey largely disappeared afterProhibition. A few brands, such asOld Overholt, survived, although by the late 1960s former Pennsylvania brands like Old Overholt were being distilled mostly inKentucky.^[7]

In the early 21st century, an expanding number of rye whiskey brands are produced byCampari Group (Wild Turkey Rye),Diageo (George Dickel Rye andBulleit Rye),Heaven Hill (Pikesville Rye and Rittenhouse Rye),Suntory Global Spirits (Old Overholt andJim Beam Rye),The Sazerac Company (Col. E. H. Taylor,Sazerac Rye, andThomas H. Handy), and various smaller companies. A particularly large producer isMGP of Indiana (formerly known as Lawrenceburg Distillers Indiana), which is a distiller for many brands that are marketed by others (including some of the large companies previously listed).^[8][9]

Rye whiskey has been undergoing a small but growing revival in the US.^[10] Since the beginning of the 21st century, more producers have been experimenting with rye whiskey, and several now market aged rye whiskey. For example,Brown-Forman began production of aJack Daniel's rye whiskey and released unaged and lightly aged versions as limited editions. A reconstructed distillery atMount Vernon (the estate ofGeorge Washington) sells a rye that is similar to the whiskey Washington made. At its peak, Washington's original distillery was among the largest producers of rye whiskey in the United States, averaging 11,000 US gallons (42,000 L; 9,200 imp gal) per year.^[11] In 2023, Maryland passed legislation naming Maryland rye whiskey as thestate's official liquor.^[12]

Rye grain is known for imparting what many call a spicy or fruity flavor to the whiskey.Bourbon, distilled from at least 51% corn, is noticeably sweeter and tends to be more full-bodied than rye. As bourbon gained popularity beyond the southern United States, bartenders increasingly substituted it for rye in cocktails such as thewhiskey sour,Manhattan, andOld Fashioned, which were originally made with rye. All other things being equal, the character of the cocktail will be drier (i.e., less sweet) with rye.^[13]

American straight rye whiskey has historically been subdivided into regional styles, which differ in the rye content of the mash and subsequent flavor profiles. Typically, the more rye in the mash bill, the spicier the whiskey should be, aging notwithstanding.

Maryland-style, for example, historically contained 65-70% rye and 30-35% corn in the mash bill, and generally had a sweet flavor. Pennsylvania-style, also called Monongahela rye, conversely, was traditionally made with a very high percentage of rye in its mash bill, upwards of 95%, and is generally spicier.^[14]

Kentucky-style rye is characterized by even sweeter profile than Maryland-style, as its mash bill is normally 51-55% rye, only slightly to the minimum required for a straight rye, with the remaining grains being a mix of corn and malted barley. Because of its relatively low rye content, it is comparable to high-rye bourbons.^[15]

With the decline of straight rye whiskey after Prohibition, and the subsequent closure of large distilleries in Maryland and Pennsylvania, the historic distinctions were mostly lost, though the 21st century revival of American straight rye has seen modern producers describe their productions in terms of these historic styles.

Canadian whisky is often referred to as "rye whisky" because historically much of the content was from rye. There is no requirement for rye to be used to make Canadian whisky, and the labels "Canadian whisky", "Canadian rye whisky" and "Rye whisky" are all legally permitted, regardless of the actual composition, provided the whiskies "possess the aroma, taste and character generally attributed to Canadian whisky".^[16]

In modern practice, most Canadian whiskies are blended to achieve this character, primarily consisting of a high-proof base whisky typically made from corn or wheat and aged in used barrels combined with a small amount of flavoring whisky made from a rye mash and distilled to a lower proof. In some cases, the corn-to-rye ratio may be as high as 9:1.^[17] There are a few exceptions, such asAlberta Premium andCanadian Club Chairman's Select, which are made from 100% rye mash.^[18]

Canadian whisky must be aged in wooden barrels that are not larger than 700 litres (154 imp gal; 185 US gal) for at least three years, and the barrels do not have to be new oak or charred. This requirement differs from regulations for U.S. blended whiskey, in which the bulk base spirits are not required to be aged.

Scotch whisky distillers were using rye as a mash ingredient forgrain whisky in the 18th century. By the 2020s, tariffs onbiogas producers had led to an increase in availability of the grain, leading modern distilleries to begin experimenting with the new raw material.^[19]

• List of whisky brands
• Outline of whisky
• Starka

• Rye whiskey

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