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 Russia |  Uzbekistan |
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Russia–Uzbekistan relations (Russian:Российско-узбекские отношения,Uzbek:O'zbekiston-Rossiya munosabatlari) are thebilateral relations betweenRussia andUzbekistan.
Uzbekistan was aSoviet socialist republic from 1924 until 1991. Both countries have had diplomatic relations since 1992. In the first years of independence, Uzbekistan remained within therouble-zone until November 1993. The country has since moved politically away from the Russian Federation.[1]
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Good relations with Uzbekistan are a key to Russian great power politics in the greater Central Asian region.[2] On the other hand, Uzbekistan follows a "multi-vectoral policy" with good relations to Russia, China, the United States and other states.[3][4]
In 1999 parallel to theKosovo War, Uzbekistan joined theGUAM alliance, which formed into an international organization in 2001. It was called GUUAM until 2005, when the country departed.[5]
In 2003, Gazprom took over control of the Uzbek pipeline network.[6] In the same year, Uzbekistan started gas exports to the then economically recovering Russia.[7]
In the aftermath of theMay 2005 unrest, Uzbekistan demanded that the United States leave the base atKarshi-Khanabad. Additionally, Uzbekistan left GUUAM, which again became GUAM. On 14 November 2005, both presidentsIslam Karimov andVladimir Putin signed a mutual cooperation agreement inMoscow.[8][9]
In 2012, Uzbekistan opted to formally withdraw from the Russian-ledCSTO alliance, leading some to debate whether such a move indicated a shift in its foreign policy to the West.[10] However, Uzbekistan remains a part of theShanghai Cooperation Organisation, of which both Russia andChina are part.
After theannexation of Crimea by Russia, separatist movements in the Northern Uzbekistani region ofKarakalpakstan grew stronger. ManyKarakalpaks live inKazakhstan,Russia andSouth Korea for work and the minority is considered to be pro-Russian.[11][12][13]
In 2014, Russiaforgave nearly all of the Uzbek debt to Russia in order to boost the relations between the two countries.[14]
Uzbekistan has an embassy inMoscow and Russia has an embassy inTashkent.
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