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Rupnagar | |
|---|---|
City | |
 %2c_Punjab%2c_India.jpg)     Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib situated on the banks of Satluj (Rupnagar),Indus Valley Civilization (Rupnagar), Gurudwara Bhatha Sahib, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Park,Ropar Wetland,Satluj River Bridge. | |
| Nickname: Ropar | |
  Rupnagar  Rupnagar | |
| Coordinates:30°57′59″N76°31′59″E / 30.9664°N 76.5331°E /30.9664; 76.5331 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Punjab |
| District | Rupnagar |
| Established | 19th century (2000 BCE) |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal council |
| • Body | Ropar MC |
| Area | |
• Total | 13.65 km2 (5.27 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 262 m (860 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 56,000 |
| • Density | 4,100/km2 (11,000/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Punjabi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 140 001 |
| Telephone code | 91-1881 |
| Vehicle registration | PB-12 |
| Website | rupnagar |
Rupnagar[1][2] (/ˈrʊpnəɡər/;formerly known asRopar) is a city and amunicipal council inRupnagar district in theIndian state ofPunjab. Rupnagar is a newly created fifth Divisional Headquarters of Punjab comprising Rupnagar, Mohali, and its adjoining districts. It is also one of the bigger sites belonging to theIndus Valley civilization. Rupnagar is nearly 43 km (27 mi) to the northwest ofChandigarh (the nearestairport and the capital of Punjab). It is bordered byHimachal Pradesh to the north andShahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district to its west.[3]
There are many historical and religious places in Rupnagar, including gurdwaras such as Gurudwara Bhatha Sahib, Gurdwara Bhubour Sahib, Gurdwara Solkhian and Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib.[citation needed]
The ancient town of Rupnagar is said to have been named by aRaja called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen.[4]
Rupnagar is one of the Indus Valley sites along theGhaggar-Hakra beds.[6] There is an Archaeological Museum[7] in the city which was opened in the year 1998 for general public. The museum exhibits the archaeological remains of excavated site in the city, the firstHarappan site of Independent India.[8] These excavations reveal a cultural sequence from Harappan to medieval times. Some of the important exhibits include antiquities of Harappan times, gold coins ofChandragupta and copper and bronze implements.[8]
Rupnagar is located at30°58′N76°32′E / 30.97°N 76.53°E /30.97; 76.53.[9] It has an average elevation of 260 metres (850 ft). The town lies on the bank ofSatluj River and the Shivalik hill range spreads along the opposite bank of the river.
Theclimate of Rupnagar is characterized by general dryness (except in the south westmonsoon season), a hot summer and a cold winter. The year may be divided into fourseasons. The period from about middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of June. The south-westmonsoon season commences late in June and continues up to about middle of September. The period from mid September to the middle of November constitutes the post-monsoon or transition season. Thetemperature ranges from a minimum of 1 °C (34 °F) in winter to 47 °C (117 °F) in summer. May and June are generally the hottest months and December and January are the coldest months. Relativehumidity is high, averaging about 70% during monsoon. The average annualrainfall in the district is 1030mm. About 78% of the annual rainfall is received during June through September.[10]
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The city has one of the three important wetlands of thePunjab State known as Rupnagar Wetland orRopar Wetland.It was declared as aRamsar site in 2002[11][12][13][14][15] This is a man-made freshwater wetland covering 1,365 hectares. Also called the Rupnagar Lake, the wetland developed consequent to the construction of a regulator on theSutlej River.[16] The area has a large number of birds, mammals and vegetation. It has at least 9mammalian, 154bird, 35fish, 9arthropod, 11rotifer and 10protozoan species. This important ecological zone is located in theShivalik foothills of theLower Himalayas and was created in 1952 on the Sutlej River, in thePunjab state of India, by building a head regulator.[17][18][19] The total area of the wetland is 1,365 hectares (3,370 acres). The wetland is surrounded by Shivalik hills to the northwest and by plains to the south and southeast.
Rupnagar railway station falls in theNorthern Railway zone of theIndian Railways. It is connected toChandigarh by a single line railway track. It is also connected toAmritsar viaJalandhar,Ludhiana,Morinda,Una (HP) andNangal Dam.
Rupnagar city has a road network to surrounding village and towns in district as well as to major cities includingUna,Baddi,Ludhiana,Jalandhar,Chandigarh andDelhi. Rupnagar is connected by theNational Highway system to the following nearby cities, by the following highway routes:
NH 205 that connectsChandigarh,Kurali toKiratpur Sahib,Himachal Pradesh via Rupnagar[20]
NH 103A connectsHoshiarpur to Rupnagar.[21]
NH 344A links Rupnagar toPhagwara,Jalandhar viaNawanshahr,Balachaur andBanga viaNH103A at Balachaur.As per 2011 Indiacensus,[22] Rupnagar had a population of 56,038. Males constitute 52.8% of the population and females 47.2%. Rupnagar has an average literacy rate of 82.19%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 87.50%, and female literacy is 76.42%.[23][24][25]
Rupnagar has public as well as private schools which are affiliated to eitherCentral Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) orPunjab School Education Board (PSEB) orIndian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) and follow the10+2 plan of education.[26]
Rupnagar houses theIndian Institute of Technology Ropar which is spread over 525 acres in the banks of Satulj,[27] theInstitute of Engineering and Technology, Bhaddal,[28] and Government College, Ropar[29] (affiliated toPunjabi University, Patiala[30]).Ropar is an education hub for local villages. Colleges in Ropar offers great opportunities to students from nearby districts too.
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