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Rumu language

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea

"Kairi language" redirects here. For the Australian language, seeGayiri language.

Rumu
Kairi
Region	Papua New Guinea
Native speakers	(700 cited 1990)^[1]
Language family	Papuan Gulf ? Kikorian Turama–Kikorian Rumu
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`klq`
Glottolog	`rumu1243`

Rumu (Rumuwa), orKairi (Kai-Iri), is aPapuan language ofPapua New Guinea. Other names for it areDumu (Tumu) andKibiri.

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants^[2]
	Labial	Alveolar	Dorsal
Plosive	p	t	k
Fricative		(s)	h
Nasal	m	n
Approximant	w	r	j

/r/ is pronounced [l] when word-initial and before /ɛ a ɔ/.
/w/ is [β] before /i e ɛ/.
/s/ only occurs in loanwords.

Vowels^[2]
	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid-high	e⟨ë⟩		o⟨ö⟩
Mid-low	ɛ		ɔ
Low		a

Diphthongs^[2]
	-i	-e	-ɛ	-a	-ɔ	-u
i-				ia	iɔ
e-	(ei)			ea	eɔ
ɛ-	ɛi			ɛa		ɛu
a-	ai	ae			aɔ	au
o-	(oi)	oe		oa
ɔ-	ɔi		ɔɛ	ɔa		ɔu
u-	[ui]				uɔ

/ei/ has merged to [i] for many speakers.
/oi/ has shifted to [ui] for many speakers.

Additionally, Rumu is tonal, distinguishing four tones: falling⟨à⟩, rising⟨á⟩, peaking⟨â⟩, and level⟨ā⟩.^[2]

References

[edit]

^John Newman and Robert G. Petterson, 1990, “The Tones of Kairi'”,Oceanic Linguistics, 29:1, p. 75 n. 2.
^^a ^b ^c ^dPetterson, Robert (1992).Rumu Organised Phonology Data. SIL International.

Papuan language families

Based onPalmer 2018 classification

Trans–New Guinea
subgroups

CentralPapua, Indonesia	Ok-Oksapmin Dani Asmat–Kamoro Mek Paniai Lakes West Bomberai Somahai
SoutheastPapua, Indonesia	Anim Greater Awyu Kayagaric Kolopom Marori
SouthwestPapua New Guinea	Gogodala–Suki Turama–Kikori Kiwaian Awin–Pa
CentralPapua New Guinea	Madang Finisterre–Huon Kainantu–Goroka Chimbu–Wahgi Enga–Kewa–Huli Bosavi East Strickland Kutubu Duna–Bogaya Wiru
Papuan Peninsula	Angan Greater Binanderean Dagan Mailuan Koiarian Goilalan Yareban Kwalean Manubaran

EasternNusantara
families and isolates

Timor–Alor–Pantar
North Halmahera

Tambora^†

Bird's Head Peninsula
families and isolates

NorthernWestern New Guinea
families and isolates

CentralWestern New Guinea
families and isolates

Bayono–Awbono

Dem
Uhunduni

Sepik–Ramu basin
families and isolates

Torricelli
Sepik
Lower Sepik–Ramu
- Lower Sepik
- Ramu
Kwomtari
Leonhard Schultze (Walio–Papi)
Upper Yuat (Arafundi–Piawi)
Yuat
Left May
Amto–Musan

Torricelli subgroups	Marienberg Arapesh Urim Maimai Wapei Palei One (West Wapei) Monumbo?
Sepik subgroups	Middle Sepik Ndu Nukuma Yellow River Yerakai Upper Sepik Wogamus Iwam Abau Sepik Hill Tama Ram Amal
Ramu subgroups	Lower Ramu Ottilien Misegian Middle Ramu Grass? Tamolan Ataitan (Tanggu)

Gulf of Papua and southernNew Guinea
families and isolates

Bismarck Archipelago andSolomon Islands
families and isolates

Rossel Island
isolate

Yélî Dnye

Proposed groupings

Proto-language

Proto-Trans–New Guinea

Languages of Papua New Guinea

Official languages

Major Indigenous
languages

Other Papuan
languages

Angan	Akoye Angaataha Ankave Hamtai Kamasa Kawacha Menya Safeyoka Simbari Susuami Tainae Yagwoia Yipma
Awin–Pa	Awin Pa
Binanderean	Baruga Binandere Ewage Korafe Orokaiva Suena Yekora Zia
Bosavi	Aimele Beami Edolo Kaluli Kasua Onobasulu Sonia
Chimbu–Wahgi	Chuave Dom Golin Kandawo Kaugel Kuman Maring Melpa Narak Nii Nomane Salt-Yui Sinasina Tembagla Wahgi
New Ireland	Bilur Fanamaket Kandas Konomala Kuanua Label Niwer Mil Patpatar Ramoaaina Siar Sursurunga Warwar Feni
Duna–Pogaya	Duna Pogaya
East Kutubuan	Fasu Fiwaga Foi
East Strickland	Fembe Gobasi Konai Kubo Odoodee Samo
Engan	Angal Bisorio Enga Huli Ipili Kewa Kyaka Lembena Samberigi
Eleman	Kaki Ae Keoru Opao Orokolo Toaripi Tairuma
Ok–Oksapmin	Bimin Faiwol Mian Ngalum Ninggerum Oksapmin Setaman Suganga Telefol Tifal Urap Yonggom
Teberan	Dadibi Folopa
Tirio	Abom Baramu Bitur Tirio Were
Turama–Kikorian	Ikobi Omati Rumu
Larger families	Finisterre–Huon Kainantu–Goroka Madang Ramu–Lower Sepik Sepik Southeast Papuan Torricelli

Sign languages

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