Ruma Рума (Serbian) | |
|---|---|
Town andmunicipality | |
       From top: Monument of the Revolution, Downtown, Monument to a horse,Serbian Orthodox Church of the Holy Ascension of the Lord, One of the two statues of the monument to the plague, Croatian Home, New Orthodox Church | |
 Coat of arms | |
 Location of the municipality of Ruma within Serbia | |
 Interactive map of Ruma | |
| Coordinates:45°00′N19°50′E / 45.000°N 19.833°E /45.000; 19.833 | |
| Country |  Serbia |
| Province |  Vojvodina |
| Region | Syrmia |
| District | Srem |
| Municipality | Ruma |
| Settlements | 17 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Dušan Ljubišić (SNS) |
| Area | |
| • Town | 68.66 km2 (26.51 sq mi) |
| • Municipality | 582.02 km2 (224.72 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 112 m (367 ft) |
| Population (2022 census)[2] | |
| • Town | 27,747 |
| • Town density | 404.1/km2 (1,047/sq mi) |
| • Municipality | 48,621 |
| • Municipality density | 83.538/km2 (216.36/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 22400 |
| Area code | +381(0)22 |
| Official languages | Serbian[3] |
| Website | www |
Ruma (Serbian Cyrillic:Рума;Hungarian:Árpatarló) is a town and municipality in theSrem District of the Autonomous Province ofVojvodina,Serbia. As of 2022, the town has a population of 27,747, while the municipality has a population of 48,621.
Traces of organized human life on the territory of Ruma municipality date back as far asprehistory. The most important archaeological locality in the municipality is Bronze AgeGomolava[4] nearHrtkovci, with two exclusive tombs ofBosut culture dating to the 9th century BC[5] and 3000BCVučedol culture pottery.[6] The first known inhabitants of this area were various peoples ofIllyrian andCeltic origin, such as theAmantini,Breuci,Scordisci, etc. During theRoman rule, local inhabitants lost their ethnic character and adopted Roman culture. There were no larger Roman settlements on the territory of Ruma, but a certain number of agricultural estates known as "villae rusticae" were located there.
Migrations ofHuns,Germanic peoples,Avars andSlavs destroyed Roman culture in this area. During the following centuries, the region was ruled byFrankish Empire,Bulgarian Empire,Byzantine Empire andKingdom of Hungary.
Thesettlement named Ruma was first mentioned in anOttomandefter from 1566/7. In that period Ruma was a village inhabited bySerbs, with 49 houses, a church and three priests.[7]
From 1718, Ruma was under administration of theHabsburg monarchy. In 1746, the town of Ruma was founded near the original village of Ruma. The first inhabitants of the town wereSerbs,[7] who came from neighboring settlements, as well asGermans, who came from Germany. In the beginning of the 19th century,Croats andHungarians settled there as well. In 1807, a large rebellion of theSyrmian peasants known as theTican's Rebellion started on the territory of Ruma, with its center in the village ofVoganj. During the1848–1849 revolution, Ruma was one of the important centers of the Serbian national movement in Syrmia.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Ruma was a district capital in theSyrmia County of theKingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. According to the 1910 census, the population of the Ruma municipality was 49,138 inhabitants, of whom 22,956 spokeSerbian, 15,529German, 5,746Hungarian, and 3,730Croatian.[8]
After the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy, on November 24, 1918, the Assembly of Syrmia in Ruma proclaimed the unification of Syrmia with theKingdom of Serbia. In 1933, Ruma officially gained the status of a city.
WhenWorld War II began, Ruma was one of the centers ofGerman national minority inVojvodina.[7] In 1942, during theAxis occupation of Syrmia, a unit of theThird Reich'sWehrmacht, known as theVolunteer Company Ruma ES der DM, was formed from localVolksdeutsche volunteers. A large number of non-German citizens of Ruma participated in theanti-fascist struggle against Axis occupation.[9] In 1944, as a consequence of the war, most members of the German ethnic minority left the town, escaping fromYugoslav partisans andSoviet Red Army.[9] Around 1,000 of them remained when the partisans took the town. Many of them were shot in November 1944, while survivors were taken to the Svilara concentration camp in Sremska Mitrovica.[10]
After the war, colonists from various parts of the formerYugoslavia settled this area. During the 1990s, about 10,000 refugees fromCroatia,Bosnia andKosovo settled in Ruma as well. In 1949 the Union of Pilots of Yugoslavia (Vazduhoplovni Savez Jugoslavije) opened a pilot school, a school for parachute instructors and a school of aircraft modelling in Ruma, all of which were funded by the Airforces of Yugoslavia. This led to an impressive International air show held in the center of the town in 1950.
The Ruma municipality comprises the town of Ruma and the following villages:
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1948 | 37,622 | — |
| 1953 | 40,742 | +1.61% |
| 1961 | 47,671 | +1.98% |
| 1971 | 52,156 | +0.90% |
| 1981 | 55,083 | +0.55% |
| 1991 | 55,087 | +0.00% |
| 2002 | 60,006 | +0.78% |
| 2011 | 54,339 | −1.10% |
| 2022 | 48,621 | −1.01% |
| Source:[11] | ||
According to the 2011 census results, the municipality of Ruma had 54,339 inhabitants.
The municipality of Ruma has many ethnic groups, with Serbs constituting a majority in all settlements. The ethnic composition of the municipality of Ruma:[12]
| Ethnic group | Population | % |
|---|---|---|
| Serbs | 46,891 | 86.29% |
| Croats | 1,719 | 3.16% |
| Romani | 1,297 | 2.39% |
| Hungarians | 1,171 | 2.15% |
| Yugoslavs | 267 | 0.49% |
| Macedonians | 153 | 0.28% |
| Albanians | 57 | 0.10% |
| Montenegrins | 54 | 0.10% |
| Slovaks | 50 | 0.09% |
| Germans | 49 | 0.09% |
| Muslims | 39 | 0.07% |
| Others | 2,592 | 4.77% |
| Total | 54,339 |
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):[13]
| Activity | Total |
|---|---|
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 427 |
| Mining and quarrying | 8 |
| Manufacturing | 6,762 |
| Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 217 |
| Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | 215 |
| Construction | 579 |
| Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 1,999 |
| Transportation and storage | 809 |
| Accommodation and food services | 338 |
| Information and communication | 111 |
| Financial and insurance activities | 136 |
| Real estate activities | 4 |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities | 333 |
| Administrative and support service activities | 149 |
| Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 550 |
| Education | 713 |
| Human health and social work activities | 748 |
| Arts, entertainment and recreation | 161 |
| Other service activities | 200 |
| Individual agricultural workers | 635 |
| Total | 15,094 |
Arzamas, Russia
Bersenbrück, Germany
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