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Rugby football

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Rugby union and rugby league team sports

Rugby football match on the 1846Shrove Tuesday inKingston upon Thames, England

Rugby football is the collective name for theteam sports ofrugby union orrugby league.

Rugby football started atRugby School inRugby, Warwickshire, England,^[1] where the rules were first codified in 1845.^[2] Forms of football in which the ball was carried and tossed date to theMiddle Ages (seemedieval football).^[3] Rugby football spread to otherEnglish public schools in the 19th century and across theBritish Empire as former pupils continued to play it.

Rugby football split into two codes in 1895, when twenty-one clubs from the North of England left theRugby Football Union to form theNorthern Rugby Football Union (renamed the Rugby Football League in 1922) at theGeorge Hotel,Huddersfield, over payments to players who took time off work to play ("broken-time payments"), thus making rugby league the firstcode to turnprofessional and pay players.^[4] Rugby union turned professional one hundred years later, following the1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa.^[5]^[6] The respective world governing bodies areWorld Rugby (rugby union) and theInternational Rugby League (rugby league).^[7]

Canadian football and, to a lesser extent,American football were once considered forms of rugby football, but are seldom now referred to as such. The governing body of Canadian football,Football Canada, was known as the Canadian Rugby Union as late as 1967, more than fifty years after the sport parted ways with rugby rules.^[8]^[9]^[10]

Authority control databases
International	FAST
National	United States France BnF data Japan Czech Republic Spain Israel
Other	NARA

Date	Event
1100–1800	Many different types of football are played throughout Britain (seemedieval football).
1830	Running with the ball in hands became common in 1830s atRugby School and Rugby School football became popular throughout the UK in the 1850s, and 1860s.
1845	First written code of rules adopted at Rugby School byWilliam Delafield Arnold, W. W. Shirley and Frederick Hutchins.^[14]^[15]^[16]
1857	The first ever match in Scotland was in December 1857,Edinburgh University v.Edinburgh Academicals
1861	TheMontevideo Cricket Club is founded in Montevideo, Uruguay. This was first club to play rugby outside the British Islands.
1863	The Football Association (FA) is formed, formalising the schism (banned carrying ball in hands, holding other players in place – akin toblocking -, tackling, andhacking – kicking an opponent in the shins) betweenassociation football and rugby football.
1864	The first rugby clubs are formed, followed by hundreds more in Cumberland, Lancashire and Yorkshire in the 1870s, and 1880s.
1865	The British Army plays a game of rugby against civilians in Montreal, introducing rugby to the country. This movement would later evolve into Canadian football.
1871	TheRugby Football Union is founded, following a meeting of 25 clubs at the Pall Mall restaurant.
1871	First recognised international rugby match, played between England and Scotland.
1876	Matthew Bloxam's letter is published inThe Meteor. It claimsWilliam Webb Ellis, a pupil at Rugby School, picked up the ball and invented rugby. Although a Rugby Football Union inquiry in 1895 found no actual proof, it decided to perpetuate the myth.^{[citation needed]}
1877	The number of players is reduced from 20 to 15 a side.
1880	English Rugby rules required for a tackled player, when the ball was "fairly held", to put the ball down immediately forscrummage. Walter Camp proposed at the USCollege Football 1880 rules convention that the contestedscrummage be replaced with a "line of scrimmage" where the team with the ball started with uncontested possession. This change effectively started the evolution of the modern game ofgridiron football away from its rugby origins.
1883	First Home Nations Championship between England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
1886	Concerned at the growing dominance of the largely working-class northern clubs, the Rugby Football Union introduces strict amateur rules: no one was allowed to seek or receive payment or other material reward for taking part in the game.
1888	New Zealand Native football team tours Britain, Australia and New Zealand in 1888 and 1889.
1890	Modern points scoring is uniformly accepted by the Home Nations for the 1890–91 season.
1892	Charges of professionalism are laid against rugby football clubs in Bradford and Leeds, after they compensated players for missing work. This was despite the fact that the Rugby Football Union (RFU) was allowing other players to be paid, such as the1888 British Isles team that toured Australasia, and the account ofHarry Hamill of his payments to represent New South Wales (NSW) against England in 1904.
1893	Yorkshire clubs propose allowing players to be paid six shillings 'broken-time' payments when they miss work due to matches. RFU votes down proposal. Widespread suspensions of northern clubs and players begin.
1895	The Schism in rugby football results in the formation of theNorthern Rugby Football Union (NRFU). Many factors played a part in the split, including the success of working class northern teams, a decree by the RFU banning the playing of rugby at grounds where entrance fees were charged, threat of expulsion from the RFU if clubs cannot prove their amateurism, and the banning of "broken time payments" to players who had taken time off work to play rugby. Twenty-two clubs met at the George Hotel, Huddersfield and formed the "Northern Rugby Football Union". Within fifteen years of that first meeting in Huddersfield, more than 200 RFU clubs had left to join the Northern Union.
1897	To make the game more exciting, the Northern Union abolishes the line-out and reduces value of all goals to two points. Line outs were replaced with punting the ball back into play from the touch-line. Tries worth three points.
1897	TheChallenge Cup is established and proves a success from the start.Batley became the first winners, beatingSaint Helens 10–3.
1898	Professionalism is introduced in the Northern Union. The professionalism is strictly part-time, with players obliged to have other "proper" jobs.
1900	Rugby union features at the1900 Olympics. It finishes in the1924 Olympics.
1901	The experiment in the Northern Union with the punt-out ends after only four years. In future, play will be restarted with a scrum after the ball goes out of play
1903	In Canada, theOntario Rugby Football Union instituted theBurnside rules, which, like Walter Camp's rules for American football, would start the evolution of the modern sport ofCanadian football away from its rugby roots.
1904	First rugby league international match. England lose toOther Nationalities 3–9, at Wigan.
1905	Wales narrowly beatThe Original All Blacks, in what was dubbed as "The Game of the Century".
1906	England play South Africa (known as theSpringboks) in rugby union for the first time.James Peters is withdrawn from the England squad after the South Africans objected to playing against a black player.
1906	James Peters becomes the first black person to play rugby union for England, against Scotland.
1906	In the Northern Union the number of players is reduced from fifteen to thirteen a side, in order to allow more room for creative play. The early form of play-the-ball is introduced as the game's way of restarting play after a tackle.
1907	A New Zealand professional rugby team tours Britain.Albert Henry Baskerville, a Post Office clerk in New Zealand, organises a touring side branded the 'All Golds' in Sydney due to the players receiving a share of any profits from the tour. They play under rugby union rules in Sydney. On their way to Britain, Australia's greatest player,Dally Messenger, joins them on tour. They win the game's first test series 2–1, but Baskerville dies of pneumonia on the way home at the age of 25.
1907	Rugby league spreads to Australia and New Zealand. TheNew South Wales Rugby Football League is founded at Bateman's Hotel in Sydney. The New South Wales Rugby League sets up an eight-team competition after a row with theNew South Wales Rugby Union over compensation for injured players. The first Premiership is won bySouth Sydney. Rugby league goes on to displace rugby union as the primary football code in New South Wales and Queensland.
1908	The first Australian Kangaroo tourists visit Britain.Hunslet become the first club to win all four trophies available to them; the Championship, the Challenge Cup, the Yorkshire Cup and the Yorkshire League. Hunslet were led byAlbert Goldthorpe, a dominant figure in the early years of the code.
1910	The Rugby Union Home Nations Championship becomes theFive Nations Championship when France joins.
1910	The first Northern Union British Lions tour Australia and New Zealand, winning the test matches in Sydney, Brisbane and Auckland.
1912	South African rugby union tour of the British Isles and France. The tourists achieved a "Grand Slam" of victories over all five major European teams, England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and France.
1914	British tourists defeat Australia 14–6 to win Ashes in final test, finishing with only ten men in what becomes known as 'Rorke's Drift' Test match. Proposals are made and preliminary steps taken in Australia to amalgamate the rules of rugby league withAustralian rules football – Australia's dominant football code outside New South Wales and Queensland – to form auniversal football code for the country,^[17] but efforts to that end subside asWorld War I escalates,^[18] and are never seriously revived.
1922	Northern Union changes its name to theRugby Football League, the name used for the sport in Australia.
1925	All Blacks Rugby Union tour of Britain, France, and Canada. The New Zealanders remained undefeated throughout the tour, earning the title "The Invincibles".

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Forms

History

Antecedents of rugby

Establishment of modern rugby

Global status of rugby codes

Rugby union

Rugby league

Gridiron football

Rules

Culture

Home countries

Internationally

Injuries

Rugby ball

World Cups

Rugby shirt

Rugby betting

See also

References

External links